Lighting Systems: Lamps for Special Applications

Lighting Systems: Lamps for Special ApplicationsChapter 4 2006 Fairchild Publications, Inc.

Chapter 4Lighting Systems 2006 Fairchild Publications, Inc.2Specialty LampsRemote source illumination systems:Fiber opticsNeon lampsElectroluminescent lamps:Light-emitting diodes (LEDs)

Chapter 4Lighting Systems 2006 Fairchild Publications, Inc.3Remote Source Illumination Systems Fiber OpticsRemote source for illuminationLight source in an illuminator Directional lamp:Usually metal halide or tungsten-halogenSome use LEDsOptical fibers bundled at the port Fibers made from glass or plasticEnd- or side-emitting tubes

Chapter 4Lighting Systems 2006 Fairchild Publications, Inc.4Fiber OpticsHundreds of optical fibers used in systemLight illuminates by total internal reflectionGlass is preferred: Transmits excellent colorHigh transmissionLasts longerRequires minimum maintenance

Chapter 4Lighting Systems 2006 Fairchild Publications, Inc.5Fiber OpticsEnd fittings in a variety of finishes and styles:Fixed or adjustable downlightVery small ~ 2 diameterCrystal end fittings produce sparkle Longest fibers made from plastic (up to 100) Special effects: Wheels provide color changes or twinklingColor changes and dimming

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Chapter 4Lighting Systems 2006 Fairchild Publications, Inc.6Fiber Optics

Chapter 4Lighting Systems 2006 Fairchild Publications, Inc.7Fiber OpticsAdvantages:SafetyEase of maintenanceLow transmission of heat Very small amounts of IR and UV wavelengthsExcellent choice for heat-sensitive products:ArtworkDecorative objectsFragile museum artifacts

Chapter 4Lighting Systems 2006 Fairchild Publications, Inc.8Fiber OpticsFibers only transmit light and do not have an electrical currentCan be placed in wet spaces:Swimming poolsPondsSaunasSpasSteam roomsShowers

Chapter 4Lighting Systems 2006 Fairchild Publications, Inc.9Neon LampsProduction process:Neon design drawn on asbestosCraftsperson bends heated glass into shapes of designElectrode is placed at each end of the glassAir is partially removed and replaced with an inert gas mixed with a small amount of mercuryNeon and argon are the most common A transformer is directed to electrodes

Chapter 4Lighting Systems 2006 Fairchild Publications, Inc.10Neon LampsColor produced is dependent upon: Color of the glassGasesPhosphors that might be coated on the inside of the tubesCombinations can produce over 150 colors:Neon gas produces a red-orange colorArgon with mercury creates a bright blue color

Chapter Lighting Systems 2006 Fairchild Publications, Inc.11Neon and Cold Cathode LampsLow heatWide assortment of colorsLow maintenanceExtremely long life (30+ years of daily use)No warm-up periodConsumes very little electricityCan be used indoors and outdoors in a variety of weather conditions and temperaturesMost common use is advertising

Chapter 4Lighting Systems 2006 Fairchild Publications, Inc.14Electroluminescent LampsLamps used for instrument panels and liquid crystal displaysLight-emitting diodes (LEDs)Characteristics of electroluminescent:LightweightLong lifeRequire high-voltage driversUse very little electricitySome lamps have operated over 10 years

Chapter 4Lighting Systems 2006 Fairchild Publications, Inc.15LEDsSemi-conductor device:Chemical chip embedded in a plastic capsule Volt from a direct current energizes chip and light is visibleTransformer is needed to operate lamps with a direct currentLight is focused or scattered by using lenses or diffusers

Chapter 4Lighting Systems 2006 Fairchild Publications, Inc.16LEDsChemical chip embedded in a plastic capsule

Chapter 4Lighting Systems 2006 Fairchild Publications, Inc.17LEDsChemicals in chip determine color of light: First colors were red, green, and amberIn recent years, blue has enabled the production of whiteWhite is made by combining red, green, and blue LEDs in one unit

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