lighting’s influence on demand response and demand
TRANSCRIPT
Lighting’s Influence on Demand Response and Demand Management in the LED and Controls Era
May 9th 2018 / 5-6 PM Scott Ziegenfus
Don Buras Hubbell Lighting Inc.
LIGHTFAIR International 2018 Provider Number - Z136
Lighting’s Influence on Demand Response and Demand Management in the LED and Controls Era
L18SM13
:Scott Ziegenfus & Don Buras May 9th 2018
Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request.
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Copyright Materials
Studies show the contribution of lighting to electric bills has been reduced by more than 50 percent, leaving HVAC as the priority electrical consumption in most buildings. HVAC is more aligned with Demand Response needs because it is climate driven. But lighting can still be a true contributor to Demand Response. Here’s how.
Course Description
Learning Objectives
1. Background on the basics and differences of DR, DER, AutoDR, Peak
management. The key player ISOs, RTOs, CSPs, and Utilities along with protocols like OpenADR, SEP, and FSGIM.
2. Learn the codes and rating systems that either promote Traditional DR or
require DR related to Lighting 3. Understand how the success of the past 10 years of lighting consumption reduction efforts has significantly minimized lighting’s role as a Demand Response contributor compared to HVAC 4. Learn a new understanding of how Lighting’s linear, predictive, and instantaneous nature is the perfect complement to HVAC for traditional DR.
At the end of the this course, participants will be able to:
Facility Demand Control with Lighting
DEMAND RESPONSE PEAK DEMAND MANAGEMENT
LOADSHEDD
SAME RESPONSE FOR LIGHTING
Facility Demand Control with Lighting
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Ele
ctr
ic U
sa
ge
(K
W)
Curtailment
Period
Time
Normal Usage
Actual Usage with
Demand Response
Facility Demand Response = curtailing power + onsite generation
Curtailing Power with Lighting = Load Shed (shed load )
Temporary curtailment not permanent energy efficiency strategies
Players in the Demand Response Market
• Independent System Operator (ISO) / Regional Transmission Operator (RTO)
– Formed under the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC).
– Coordinates, controls and monitors the operation of the electrical power system.
– Wholesale Market Administrators “The “Grid People”
https://www.ferc.gov
Players in the Demand Response Market
• Curtailment Service Providers (CSP)
– 3rd Party company authorized to act as an interface between the ISO/RTO and end-use customers
– Also known as a Demand Response Provider or Energy Aggregator.
– Help you map your DR and energy strategies.
NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards
Demand Response Programs
Usual Program Requirements
Minimum KW to Participate ≈100 KW -150KW
Maintain KW reduction for a set period ≈ 4 – 6 hours
Grid Operator
ISO/RTO
Curtailment
Service ProviderElectric Utility
End User
Around 3300 Electricity Providers in the US
Public Power.org
Demand Response Programs
More Risk More Reward $$$ $
Weeks Notice Instantaneous
Hours Response Time Instantaneous
No Penalty Non-Participation Penalty
Programs and Contracts Vary
Manual Control Automatic
Demand Management for the Facility
• Peak Demand Management – Demand Management is reduction of Peak demand
– Very popular with larger facilities and campuses
– Indispensable if campus generates own power (not grid
dependent)
– Looking to keep the electricity close to Steady State
– Stability with multiple on site Renewable power sources
– Same response as DR = LOADSHED
– Major contributor to electric bill
Peak Demand Management Commercial Energy Bills Have a Demand
Charge
Listed on bill as KW not KWH
DEMAND Can be 25% to 50% of
the total
Demand = KW Consumption = KWH
PEAK DEMAND
AVERAGE CONSUMTION
$10 On-Peak Business hours
$2 Off-Peak Off hours
Consumption = KWH
Demand= KW
Green Codes
• California Title 24 Part 6
– 130.1 Demand response Controls . • Buildings larger than 10,000 square feet
– excluding spaces with LPD of 0.5 watts or less,
• Automatically reducing lighting power in response to a Demand Response Signal; so that the
• Total lighting power lowered by at least 15 % below the total installed lighting power.
• Capable of automatically responding to at least one standards-based messaging protocol .
Demand Response
Green Rating Systems
• LEED V4 - EA CREDIT:
– DEMAND RESPONSE BD+C & O+M
• To increase participation in demand response technologies
• Design building and equipment for participation in demand response programs through load shedding or shifting.
• On-site electricity generation cannot be used to comply.
Demand Response
Green Regulations
• ASHRAE 189.1 2014
– 7.4.5.1 Peak Load Reduction.
• Automatic systems for demand limiting or load shifting
• Reducing electric peak demand > than 10% of the projected peak demand.
• Standby power generation can not be used to comply
Peak Demand Management
Lighting as a Contributor
Lighting has done a GREAT JOB at saving Energy
EIA Report Average Building
Electricity Consumption 2003
EIA Report Average Building
Electricity Consumption 2012
Average Building Electricity
Consumption 2018 is WHAT?
?
How low do you
think it is in 2018?
www.eia.gov
Lighting as a Contributor
Energy Codes ( LPDs + Controls ) + LED Adoption =
Lighting Less Important for Demand Actions
Large Office Building (200,000 sq ft)
0.79 W/sq ft LPD Uses 158KW at
any given moment
Lets Add controls Additional 30%
Now Uses 110.6KW
BTW, New proposal for T24 0.65 W/sq ft
10% of 110.6 KW = 11K 20% of 110.6 KW = 22K 30% of 110.6 KW = 33K
HOW much can you load shed in a already
Lighting maximized building ???
Remember 100 -150 KW minimum for DR programs
Most Facilities See Demand Strategy as HVAC
HVAC
HVAC
Lighting Lighting
Major Contributor to Demand Conditions
HVAC Linked to weather Conditions
See Lighting constant and smaller piece of pie
Why?
Facility personnel Naturally Linked
How does Lighting Play into Demand
Remember This? Tuning
Fine tuning
As simple as it gets… HVAC
Lighting
HVAC Management
• HVAC is not linear
– You are dealing with thermal mass (like a TRAIN)
– Temperature + humidity + ventilation
• HVAC is not as predictive
– In heated or cooled buildings, This is not the case with HVAC; that first Monday in April could be gloves and scarves or t-shirts and shorts.
HVAC
• HVAC balances Humidity / Temperature / Ventilation
HVAC Management
• HVAC has a recovery period exiting DR
– It can take hours to bring a building back to desired temperature after it has been shut off.
– Like a train slow to start and takes a while to stop
– If recovery too severe peak charges can occur
• Temp reduction can damage equipment that relies on continuous cooling.
• Complex systems often use both heating and cooling simultaneously.
recovery
HVAC Management
Benefits of Lighting as a Loadshed strategy • Lighting is Precise
– Light Power Density = Watt/Ft2
– Electrical Power in Watts = Voltage x Current
– Known Linear or Logarithmic
• Lighting is Responsive
– Current ∝ Illumination
• Lighting is predictive
– Very little change working day-to-working day
TIME Illumination Current
Benefits of Lighting as a Loadshed strategy • Lighting may have decreased in demand strategy but …..
Predictable The first Monday in April for a building’s lighting energy usage is virtually identical year-to-year if the space use has not changed.
Responsive Lighting is instantaneous to the human eye. As quick as you add current, lights will respond with illumination, and as you decrease current so will the light.
Precise (Linear or Logarithmic) Add current or decrease current, you change light proportionally. Providing exact control gives the user knowledge of the outcome for every action in advance
LIGHTING HVAC
≠
Benefits of Lighting as a Loadshed strategy
Non Intrusive Lighting curtailment (or increase) of 10, 20, or 30% can have minimal to no impact. The human eye compensates for lower light levels by allowing more light to enter the pupil.
Square Law Dimming
Non Intrusive Relies on the controllability benefit of Lighting for speed of change and granularity.
Sunset Quick Change
HVAC and Lighting Reaction Times
• 15 seconds – 60 seconds
– dim the lights.
– slow down fans under 25 HP
• 1 to 5 minutes
– start a generator
– suck the batteries from the EVs and dump the power the Microgrid.
• 15 – 30 minutes
– raise chiller setpoints,
– lower boiler setpoints.
– slow down big motors
– slow down pumps serving the boilers/chillers
Supplied by Appin Associates
Example: HVAC Mistake with VFD
Shed suppose to use VFD
– AHU covering 10000 sq ft with a 7500 CFM
– Using a 5 HP VFD ≈ 3.7 KW at full
– Shed speed by 10% ≈ 73% of full power = 1000W
Someone put the HOA switch in HAND so no control from BMS. Networked Lighting Controls can quickly make up for that mistake and not affect productivity
Lighting used to correct
– 10000 sq ft using LPD 0.82 = 8200 W
– Shed Lighting 12% ≈ 1000W
VFD- Variable Frequency Drive
AHU – Air Handling Unit
VFD
Speed Power
100% 100%
90% 73%
80% 51%
70% 34%
60% 22%
50% 13%
40% 6%
30% 3%
20% 1%
10% 0.1%
Some Definitions
Ratchet Charges Minimum billing demands based upon historical peak demands. For example, if the peak demand last summer was 500 kW and the rate design has a 50% ratchet, the minimum billing demand would be 250kW (500 kW times 50%) for the following eleven months, regardless of whether the actual demands were lower.
DRAS Demand Response Automation Server facilitates the customer response to a Demand Response program to the communicating client being the utility or other entity.
AutoDR Automated Demand Response from a utility or other entity to provide full automated DR connectivity to Customer facility
DER Distributed Energy Resources are smaller power sources as storage and advanced renewable technologies that can be aggregated to provide power necessary to meet regular demand.
Main Demand Response Protocols
http://smartgridstandardsmap.com/
Open Automated Demand Response (OpenADR ) open standard for Demand Response that allows electricity providers to communicate DR signals directly customers . Information exchange between utilities and energy management control systems Predominant DR communication standard for commercial facilities.
Smart Energy Profile(SEP ) open standard for Demand Response that allows electricity providers to communicate DR signals directly customers . Device communications in response to market signals. Predominant DR communication standard for residential
http://www.gridstandardsmap.com/
Points to take away
• Lighting’s response to Demand Response and Peak Demand Management are the same = Loadshed.
• DR and PDM are temporary curtailments of power not permanent energy efficiency strategies
• Demand Response programs can come from the Utility, CSP, or ISO/RTO
• DR Programs = more risk the more reward
• Peak Demand management can be 20-50% of a commercial energy bill
• Peak Charges are KW charges not KWH.
Points to take away
• Lighting has increased energy efficiency but decreased role in Demand Response.
• HVAC is dominant role in demand Response and Demand Management strategies
• HVAC is more difficult to control then lighting and less predictable because its connection to the weather.
• Lighting can still be used in Demand strategies to counter balance (tune) HVAC slow response and unpredictability with Predictability, Responsiveness, and Linearity.
This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course
Scott Ziegenfus CEM, CLEP, CDSM, GGP, GPCP, LEED AP
Government and Industry Relations Manager
Hubbell Lighting, Inc.
m: 484.225.6345
Don Barus
Director of Customer Support
National Accounts & Energy Solutions
Hubbell Lighting, Inc.
m: 609.358.3423
Please remember to complete the course evaluations.
Thank you.