Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB)

Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, GERMANY

Fon: +49(331)5699-112, email: jvenus@atb-potsdam.de

http://de.linkedin.com/pub/joachim-venus/15/276/3b2/

Lignocellulosic Biomass

and Residues as Potential

Substrates for the

Industrial Biotechnology

1st International Forest Biorefining Conference 2017

May 9-11, 2017, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada

1927 Experimental farm of the Agricultural University Berlin

1933 Independent research center on agricultural mechanization

1952 Central institute of agricultural engineering of East Germany

1992 Reestablished after the reunification of Germany

Today: Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy

- member of the Leibniz Association

History

The National Research

Strategy Bioeconomy 2030

was published 2010 under

the direction of the Federal

Ministry of Education and

Research (BMBF),

together with six additional

ministries.

the strategy involves

five key fields of

action

Technology

assessment in

agricultural

systems

Technologies and processes for crop

production and livestock management

• Ensuring sustainable agricultural production

R & D at ATB in the nexus of BIOECONOMY

Cascading use of biomass / Biorefinery concepts

Research Program

„Material and energetic use of biomass “

Coordination: Dr. Joachim Venus

Cultivation, harvest, storage… (short

rotation wood, hemp)

Material use (Fibers, biotechnological

products)

Energetic use (Biogas, wood pellets,

biochar)

Consideration of the entire value chain –

System‘s approach

Valorization of residues, sidestreams etc.

15.05.2017 5

Industrial Biotechnology - Using renewable resources for industry

Biobased products and processes from renewable resources not only help

preserve the environment and climate,

but also make a significant contribution to the structural change from a

petrochemical to a biobased industry, with related opportunities for growth

and employment. Industrial biotechnology, also known as white

biotechnology, is an important driving force in this transition.

March 2014 May 2012 2010/2011_en

15.05.2017 6

15.05.2017 7

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

Volume 98, May 2017, Pages 447–458

Review Biotransformation of lignocellulosic

materials into value-added products—A review

M. Bilal, M. Asgher, H.M.N. Iqbal, H. Hu, X.

Zhang

Food waste & agri-food residues

carbohydrates (e.g. glucose), proteins, fat, amino acids, phosphate…

Integration of

Biorefinery

concepts into existing value chains

• Food • Feed • Biomaterials

• Biopolymers • Chemicals • Biofuels

• Pharmaceuticals • Antioxidants • Power, Heat

Pleissner, D.; Venus, J.: -Green hotels- Use of food waste derived from hotels and restaurants for the production of sustainable and biodegradable consumables. 5th Sweep-Net Regional Forum, 15.04.2015, Tunis/Tunesia

Building blocks that could be produced via fermentation

Numbers next to biochemicals designate the total annual production in thousands of t

SpecialChem - Aug 2014 - http://www.specialchem4bio.com/news/2014/08/20/lactic-acid-market-estimated-to-reach-usd-3577-5-mn-by-2019-

marketsandmarkets

The market for lactic acid is growing as it is largely used in various industrial applications such as in biodegradable polymers,

food & beverages, personal care products, and pharmaceutical industries. The lactic acid market is mainly driven by its end-

use industries.

In 2013, Biodegradable polymers formed the largest application for lactic acid, followed by food and

beverages. The lactic acid market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 18.8% from 2014 to reach $3,577.5

million by 2019.

The processes for producing lactic acid from biomass/residues

include the following 4 main steps:

15.05.2017 10

(1) Pretreatment - breaking down the structure of the feedstock matrix

(2) Enzymatic hydrolysis - depolymerizing biopolymers like starch, cellulose etc.

to fermentative sugars, such as glucose (C6) and xylose (C5), by means of

hydrolytic enzymes

(3) Fermentation - metabolizing the sugars to lactic acid, generally by LAB

(4) Separation and purification of lactic acid - purification of lactic acid to meet

the standards of commercial applications

Pilot plant facility for lactic acid fermentation at Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim / ATB

15.05.2017 11

Objective

Short rotation coppice (SRC)

Development of resource efficient technologies for the supply

of wood from agriculture for material and energetic use

Cultivation and harvest

Storage and drying

Environmental effects and costs

15.05.2017 12

Biorefinery-concept for (1st, 2nd, 3rd…?) biomass feedstocks

- BIOCONVERSION -

Pleissner, D.; Qi, Q.; Gao, C.; Perez Rivero, C.; Webb, C.; Lin, C.S.K.; Venus, J.: Valorization of organic residues for the production of added value chemicals: A contribution to the bio-based economy. Biochemical Engineering Journal 116 (2016) 3-16

(Different) Composition & Behaviour

of (lignocellulosic) Biomass

15.05.2017 13

M.A. Abdel-Rahman et al.

Journal of Biotechnology 156 (2011) 286– 301

V. Menon, M. Rao

Progress in Energy and Combustion

Science 38 (2012) 522-550

N. Mosier et al. / Bioresource Technology 96 (2005) 673–686

15.05.2017 14

Starchy materials (cereals, industrial grade corn/potatoe starch, tapioca)

Green biomass (alfalfa, grass juice, lupine, sweet sorghum, forage rye, silage, coco juice)

Lignocellulosics (wood/straw hydrolysates, 2ndG sugars, bagasse)

Residues & By-products (oilseed cake/meal, thick juice, molasses, whey, coffee residues, waste bread, waffle

residues, algae biomass, fruit residues, rice bran, meat & bone meal, OMSW…)

tapioca

bagasse

waste bread

pine

coco juice

2G sugars 2G sugars

1G/2G sugars

green biomass

several residues…

lupine

cereals,

straw

sorghum

Fermentation feedstocks already tested:

silage

algae

biomass

Coffee residues,

cassava, bagasse

Pleissner, D.; Venus, J.: Agricultural residues as feedstocks for lactic acid fermentation. - ACS Symposium Series, Vol. 1186 "Green Technologies for the Environment" (2014) pp 247–263

rice bran

Olive mill

solid waste

bagasse

15.05.2017 15

Table 1: Overview of chemicals that are currently

produced, or could be produced, from biomass

together with their respective market type, size of

the market, and potential biomass feedstock.

Major players involved are also given.

M.A. Abdel-

Rahman et al.

Journal of

Biotechnology

156 (2011) 286–

301

Example coffee residues: residues from the coffee production

Mass balance from coffee pulp to lactic acid (*downstream

processing was not optimized). All figures are based on dry

weight.

Pleissner, D.; Neu, A.-K.; Mehlmann, K.; Schneider, R.; Puerta-Quintero,

G.I.; Venus, J.: Fermentative lactic acid production from coffee pulp

hydrolysate using Bacillus coagulans at laboratory and pilot scales.

Bioresource Technology 218 (2016) 167–173

15.05.2017 17

Example agro-residues: Sugarcane bagasse

„ENZYMES FOR LIGNOCELLULOSIC FEEDSTOCK DEGRADATION AND PRODUCTION OF SUGARS (C6, C5) AND VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS“

(2010-1.1-203-070-026, 2010 - 2013)

BMBF / DLR - FKZ RUS 10/128

18

A.N.Bach Institute of Biochemistry of Russian Academy of

Sciences, INBI

www.inbi.ras.ru

Leninsky Prospect, 33-2

119071 Moscow

Targets of Russian Partner (INBI):

Enzymes for lignocellulosic feedstocks

degradation and production of sugars (C6,

C5) and value added products

Targets of German Partner (ATB):

Conversion of simple sugars (C6, C5) to

added value products – fuels, solvents,

organic acids, biopolymers, misc. organics

Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik Potsdam-Bornim e.V., ATB

www.atb-potsdam.de

Max-Eyth-Allee 100

D-14469 Potsdam

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

st162

st306

st312

stA27

stA40

stA81

stA83

stA116

stA120

stA122

stA123

concentr

ati

on [

g/L

]

st(rain) screening

Lactate [g/L] Glucose [g/L] Xylose [g/L]

Glaser, R.; Venus, J.: Screening of Bacillus coagulans strains in

lignin supplemented minimal medium with high throughput

turbidity measurements. Biotechnology Reports 4 (2014) 60–65.

DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2014.08.001

A cluster of 17 partners will explore the recycling of

vegetable raw materials along the complete value chain

Start of project: July 1st, 2009

2nd phase: July 1st, 2012 – June 30th, 2014

http://www.synrg-cluster.de/index.html

WP2: Technologies and Processes for the harvest, pre-treatment, and

purification, in particular: utilization of (oilseed) residues

Example agri-residues: Rapeseed cake/meal

Venus, J.: Chemie Ingenieur Technik, Volume 86, Issue 9, Sept. 2014, Pages: 1603–1604

ProcessNet-Jahrestagung und 31. DECHEMA-Jahrestagung, 30. September – 2. Oktober 2014

Maria Alexandri, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece

20- 21 Sept 2016, EUBIS, Wageningen

Valorization of SBP as: • 1 ton of SB produces ~ 250 Kg pulp

• EU: ~ 5 million t of dry SBP

• USA: > 1 million t of dry SBP

Pretreatment is required Acidic hydrolysis (use of 0.5 % H2SO4, 121oC for 30 min)

Hydrolysate rich in C5 sugars (mainly arabinose and xylose)

Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose with commercial cellulases

(Accellerase)

Hydrolysate rich in glucose

Addition of commercial

proteases in order to

increase the FAN

Production of succinic

acid using the SBP

hydrolysate as carbon

sourse

Production of succinic acid

using the SBP hydrolysate as

carbon and nitrogen source

Component (%) This study Bellido et al.

2015

Olmos et al. 2012

Martinez et al. 2009

DM 90.8 - - -

Total Sugars 6.48 - - -

Protein 8.73 7.36 9.23 -

Fat 0.14 - - -

Cellulose 20.92 20.34 23 21

Hemicellulose 15.22 33.7 44.8 35.5

Lignin 2.34 1.97 4.5 3.4

Pectin 15.5 27.34 9.8 -

SBP valorisation for Succinic acid

Composition of SBP

Extraction of phenolic

compounds (58 mg

GAE/ 100g dry SBP

Value-added co-product

after acidic extraction

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70time [hours]

conce

ntr

ati

on [

g/L]

15.05.2017 21

Example wheat straw: Sugar uptake &

product formation

Lactate [g·L-1

]

Sugars [g·L-1

]

Fermentation ended after 50-60 hours with a yield

of nearly 100% and 64 g/L (top left)

(Total) Sugars (firstly Glucose followed by

Arabinose/Xylose with residues of Disaccharides)

have been used completely in the same time

(bottom left)

(Max) Lactate productivity (>5 gL-1h-1) is much

higher than comparable published results

[Li/Cui: Microbial Lactic Acid Production from Renewable

Resources, pp. 211-228. In O.V. Singh and S.P. Harvey

(Eds.), Sustainable Biotechnology - Sources of Renewable

Energy. Springer, 2010]

WO 2013164423 A1; WO 2013164425 A1

Pleissner, D.; Venus, J.: Agricultural residues as feedstocks for lactic acid fermentation. - ACS Books

"Green Technologies for the Environment" (2014) Chapter 13, pp 247–263

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70time [hours]

Dis

acc

h,

Ara

, Xyl

[g/L]

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Glu

, T

ota

l su

gars

[g/L]

DisacchAra

XylGluTotal

Biosurfactant production by Yeasts using sugarcane bagasse for solid state fermentation

UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO; DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING OF LORENA

Example food waste: Bakery industry

González, R.; Venus, J.: BREA4PLA Project. V Intern. Seminar “Biopolymers & Sustainable Composites”, AIMPLAS (6&7 March, 2014 in Valencia)

Venus, J.: Utilization of Waste Bread for Lactic Acid Fermentation. ASABE and CSBE | SCGAB Annual International Meeting, July 13-16, 2014 – Montréal,

Volume 1, 2014, 557-562

& Partner

The award ceremony for the best 2015 Life projects took place in the context of "Green Week" (30 May to 3 June) in the Egg Conference Centre in Brussels

WG1

Pre-treatment

and Extraction WG2

Bioprocessing

WG3

Chemical

processing

WG4

Technical and

Sustainability

Assessment/

Policy Analysis

http://costeubis.org/

Food waste valorisation for sustainable

chemicals, materials and fuels

15.05.2017 25

Pilot plant facility • pilot facility for production of lactic acid at the ATB consequently fills a gap in the

various phases of bioprocess engineering

• provision of product samples is intended to open up

the possibility of interesting partners in industry with

specific product requirements in various applications

BIOSTAT® Bplus (Sartorius BBI Systems GmbH, Germany)

equipped with a digital control unit DCU for the

continuous fermentation with cell recycling

scale up

Pilot fermentor Type P, 450 L (Bioengineering AG)

Venus, J.; Richter, K.: Eng. Life Sci. 2007, 7, No. 4, 395-402

Venus, J.: Feedstocks and (Bio)Technologies for Biorefineries. – In: G.E. Zaikov, F. Pudel, G. Spychalski (Eds.), Renewable Resources

and Biotechnology for Material Applications (pp. 299-309), Nova Science Publishers, 2011 (ISBN: 978-1-61209-521-9)

Objectives

Venus, J.: Biotechnol. J. 1(2006) No. 12, 1428–1432

starchy materials,

lignocellulosics, residues & by-

products, green biomass

feedstock

sugars, hydrolyzates

press juice…

fermentation, down-stream

pre-treatment bioconversion

(raw)lactate, lactic

acid, biomass...

…bioplastics

products

To scope existing and new methodologies for bio-processing of agri-food residues

To identify major added-value products (chemicals, materials and fuels) to be produced from biorenewables (product-driven biorefining)

To demonstrate the most promising biowaste valorisation processes at a larger scale

To provide product samples for industrial partners/customers with specific product requirements in various applications

Thank you for your attention!

More information: www.atb-potsdam.de

ATB 2016

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