limnology 101 - uwsp€¦ · limnology 101 courtesy of lake partnerships wisconsin department of...
TRANSCRIPT
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LIMNOLOGY 101
Courtesy of Lake PartnershipsWisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Wisconsin Association of Lakes
University of Wisconsin Extension
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Wisconsin Lakes
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OVERVIEW
Unique Properties of Water
Lake Types
Physical, Chemical, Biological and Habitat
Characteristics
Technical Aspects
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UNIQUE PROPERTIES OF WATER
Universal Solvent
Chemical Molecular Structure H20
Greatest Density at 4º C or 39º F
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UNIQUE PROPERTIES OF WATER
Physical
Properties
71% Earth’s
Surface
Covered by
Water
<1% Water
on Earth is
Freshwater
.009% water
on Earth is
Freshwater
Lakes
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HYDROLOGIC CYCLE
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OVERVIEW
Unique Properties of Water
Lake Types
Physical, Chemical, Biological and Habitat
Characteristics
Technical Aspects
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LAKE TYPES
Seepage
Groundwater Drainage
Drainage
Impoundments
Oxbow
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SEEPAGE LAKE
Natural Lake
Water Source
Groundwater
Precipitation
No Stream Outlet/
Inlet
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Round Lake, Chippewa County
SEEPAGE LAKE
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GROUNDWATER DRAINAGE
Natural Lake
Water Source
Groundwater
Precipitation
Limited Runoff
Has Stream Outlet
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Sand Lake, Chippewa County
GROUNDWATER DRAINAGE LAKE
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DRAINAGE LAKE
Water Source
Streams
Groundwater
Precipitation
Runoff
Stream Drained
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DRAINAGE LAKE
Long Lake, Chippewa County
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IMPOUNDMENT
A manmade lake
Dammed River
or Stream
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IMPOUNDMENT
Lake Altoona, Eau Claire County
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Half Moon Lake, Chippewa County
OXBOW
Lake Hallie, Chippewa County
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OVERVIEW
Unique Properties of Water
Lake Types
Physical, Chemical, Biological and Habitat
Characteristics
Technical Aspects
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PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Mixing / Stratification
Lake Depth
Retention Time / Flushing Rate
Drainage Basin/ Lake Area Ratio
Influence of Watershed Runoff
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MIXING/ STRATIFICATION
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LAKE DEPTH MATTERS
Deep Lakes
Stratify
Shallow Lakes
Continuous Nutrient
Recycling
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RETENTION TIME/
FLUSHING RATE
How long would it
take to fill a drained
lake?
Retention Time
Matters
Long Lake & Altoona
Long Lake, 7years
Lake Altoona, 22days
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DRAINAGE BASIN/
LAKE AREA RATIO
Seepage Lake- small
Drainage Lake- large
watershed
Seepage Lake w/
drainage area mapped
Round Lake
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LANDSCAPE POSITION
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LIMITING NUTRIENT PRINCIPLE
…That Nutrient in Least Supply
Relative to Plant Needs
N:P Ratio in plant Tissue 10:1 - 15:1
If the Ratio of N:P in Water is
<10:1 Nitrogen Limited
>15:1 Phosphorus Limited
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PHOSPHORUS LIMITATION
LAKE 227
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OVERVIEW
Unique Properties of Water
Lake Types
Physical, Chemical, Biological and Habitat
Characteristics
Technical Aspects
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TROPHIC STATE
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TROPHIC STATE
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TROPHIC STATE
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TROPHIC STATE
Nutrients & Productivity
Sediment &
Accumulation
Species Shifts
Species Richness
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Oligotrophic Northern Lake Eutrophic Southern Lake
LAKE LITTORAL ZONE
Functions
Intercepts Nutrients
Refuge from Predators
Nursery for Fish
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LAKE HABITAT ZONES
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LEAVING A LEGACY
Help Protect Wisconsin’s…
WATER RESOURCES.