lin -‐ st homework assignment a. two questions for everyone · homework for this course, you...

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LIN � st homework assignment Due in class on Tuesday, February ,�. Please type your answers with double spacing, use singlesided printing, and staple multiple pages together. Important! In all of the written homework for this course, you should provide carefully glossed examples to illustrate your analyses. Linguists have a set of conventions for glossing linguistic examples; these are the Leipzig glossing rules, a summary of which has been posted on the course website. You should be sure to follow these rules. For each example, use three lines, as in (A). (A) damjaga hæŋbokhada. that manSBJ happyDECL ‘That man is happy.’ In the top line, put the Korean sentence in transcription. (Transcriptions may be phonetic or phonemic; try to be consistent.) In the second line, give a separate gloss for each word in the first line; each word and its gloss should be aligned. (If you’re using MicroSoft Word, one way of doing this alignment is to use the table function with gridlines hidden; that’s what I’ve done in (A).) If a word in the first line has a hyphen separating a stem from an affix (e.g. damjaga), you should also use a hyphen in the second line to separate the stem’s gloss from the affix’s gloss: manSBJ. (This means that damjaga has a noun stem damja meaning ‘man’ and a suffixal subjectmarker ga.) If a morphologically complex expression is left unhyphenated in the first line, its lexical and grammatical content should be separated with periods rather than hyphens on the second line; thus, if damjaga appeared on the first line, it would be glossed as man.SBJ. Use lowercase letters for lexical content (e.g. that, man, happy) but SMALL CAPS for grammatical content (e.g. SBJ, DECL). Many conventional abbreviations (e.g. SBJ for ‘subject’, DECL for ‘declarative’) are listed in the Leipzig glossing rules on the website. In the third line, give the full English translation of the example. A. Two questions for everyone . In Korean, adjectives can be used PREDICATIVELY (as in ‘I am tired’) or ATTRIBUTIVELY (as in ‘a tired woman’). Write two paragraphs, the first explaining the characteristics of predicative adjective constructions in Korean and the second explaining the characteristics of attributive adjective constructions. In your explanation, you may find it helpful to compare Korean adjective constructions to their English counterparts. In doing so, think about differences in (a) word order, in (b) the morphological marking of the adjective and/or the noun that it modifies, and in (c) the need for any accompanying words in either construction. Cite examples according to the glossing conventions described above. . Write one to three paragraphs in which you explain how POSSESSION is expressed in a Korean noun phrase. In your answer, you should discuss two kinds of noun phrases: (a) those in which the possessor is expressed by a proper name, e.g. ‘Jiyoung’s friend’; and (b) those in which the possessor is interpreted as a personal pronoun, e.g. ‘her friend’. Cite examples of both types, and for type (b), cite examples for every sort of singular or plural pronominal possessor (‘my’, ‘our’, ‘your (sg.)’, ‘your (pl.)’, etc.). In the examples you cite, always adhere to the glossing conventions described above. Is there more than one way of expressing possession in either type (a) or type (b)? If so, describe each way as precisely as possible, using glossed examples and, if necessary, a table. Are there any similarities between attributive adjective constructions in question � and the possessive constructions described here? If a noun phrase contains both a possessor and an attributive adjective, how are they organized syntactically? General advice: If you aren’t certain about some aspect of your analysis, don’t hesitate to say so; often, the available data may be open to more than one interpretation. B. Extra question for graduate students . Write a paragraph in which you give a detailed account of the morphology and syntax of the Korean sentence meaning ‘Jiyoung is my young sister’s new friend.’ Your account should include both a tree diagram showing the sentence’s syntactic structure and a detailed gloss of the sentence’s parts (in accordance with the glossing conventions described above).

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Page 1: LIN -‐ st homework assignment A. Two questions for everyone · homework for this course, you should provide carefully glossed examples to illustrate your analyses. Linguists have

LIN  ���  -­‐   st  homework  assignment    Due  in  class  on  Tuesday,  February   ,  ��� .    

Please  type  your  answers  with  double  spacing,  use  single-­‐sided  printing,  and  staple  multiple  pages  together.    Important!    In  all  of  the  written  homework  for  this  course,  you  should  provide  carefully  glossed  examples  to  illustrate  your  analyses.    Linguists  have  a  set  of  conventions  for  glossing  linguistic  examples;  these  are  the  Leipzig  glossing  rules,  a  summary  of  which  has  been  posted  on  the  course  website.    You  should  be  sure  to  follow  these  rules.    For  each  example,  use  three  lines,  as  in  (A).    

(A)   kı   damja-­‐ga   hæŋbokha-­‐da.     that     man-­‐SBJ   happy-­‐DECL      ‘That  man  is  happy.’  

In  the  top  line,  put  the  Korean  sentence  in  transcription.  (Transcriptions  may  be  phonetic  or  phonemic;  try  to  be  consistent.)  

In  the  second  line,  give  a  separate  gloss  for  each  word  in  the  first  line;  each  word  and  its  gloss  should  be  aligned.    (If  you’re  using  MicroSoft  Word,  one  way  of  doing  this  alignment  is  to  use  the  table  function  with  gridlines  hidden;  that’s  what  I’ve  done  in  (A).)    If  a  word  in  the  first  line  has  a  hyphen  separating  a  stem  from  an  affix  (e.g.  damja-­‐ga),  you  should  also  use  a  hyphen  in  the  second  line  to  separate  the  stem’s  gloss  from  the  affix’s  gloss:  man-­‐SBJ.    (This  means  that  damja-­‐ga  has  a  noun  stem  damja-­‐  meaning  ‘man’  and  a  suffixal  subject-­‐marker  -­‐ga.)    If  a  morphologically  complex  expression  is  left  unhyphenated  in  the  first  line,  its  lexical  and  grammatical  content  should  be  separated  with  periods  rather  than  hyphens  on  the  second  line;  thus,  if  damjaga  appeared  on  the  first  line,  it  would  be  glossed  as  man.SBJ.    Use  lower-­‐case  letters  for  lexical  content  (e.g.  that,  man,  happy)  but  SMALL  CAPS  for  grammatical  content  (e.g.  SBJ,  DECL).    Many  conventional  abbreviations  (e.g.  SBJ  for  ‘subject’,  DECL  for  ‘declarative’)  are  listed  in  the  Leipzig  glossing  rules  on  the  website.  

In  the  third  line,  give  the  full  English  translation  of  the  example.          

A.   Two  questions  for  everyone  .   In  Korean,  adjectives  can  be  used  PREDICATIVELY  (as  in  ‘I  am  tired’)  or  ATTRIBUTIVELY  (as  in  ‘a  tired  woman’).    Write  two  paragraphs,  the  first  explaining  the  characteristics  of  predicative  adjective  constructions  in  Korean  and  the  second  explaining  the  characteristics  of  attributive  adjective  constructions.    In  your  explanation,  you  may  find  it  helpful  to  compare  Korean  adjective  constructions  to  their  English  counterparts.  In  doing  so,  think  about  differences  in  (a)  word  order,  in  (b)  the  morphological  marking  of  the  adjective  and/or  the  noun  that  it  modifies,  and  in  (c)  the  need  for  any  accompanying  words  in  either  construction.    Cite  examples  according  to  the  glossing  conventions  described  above.      

.     Write  one  to  three  paragraphs  in  which  you  explain  how  POSSESSION  is  expressed  in  a  Korean  noun  phrase.    In  your  answer,  you  should  discuss  two  kinds  of  noun  phrases:    (a)  those  in  which  the  possessor  is  expressed  by  a  proper  name,  e.g.  ‘Ji-­‐young’s  friend’;  and  (b)  those  in  which  the  possessor  is  interpreted  as  a  personal  pronoun,  e.g.  ‘her  friend’.    Cite  examples  of  both  types,  and  for  type  (b),  cite  examples  for  every  sort  of  singular  or  plural  pronominal  possessor  (‘my’,  ‘our’,  ‘your  (sg.)’,  ‘your  (pl.)’,  etc.).    In  the  examples  you  cite,  always  adhere  to  the  glossing  conventions  described  above.    Is  there  more  than  one  way  of  expressing  possession  in  either  type  (a)  or  type  (b)?    If  so,  describe  each  way  as  precisely  as  possible,  using  glossed  examples  and,  if  necessary,  a  table.    Are  there  any  similarities  between  attributive  adjective  constructions  in  question  �  and  the  possessive  constructions  described  here?    If  a  noun  phrase  contains  both  a  possessor  and  an  attributive  adjective,  how  are  they  organized  syntactically?  

General  advice:    If  you  aren’t  certain  about  some  aspect  of  your  analysis,  don’t  hesitate  to  say  so;  often,  the  available  data  may  be  open  to  more  than  one  interpretation.  

B.    Extra  question  for  graduate  students  .   Write  a  paragraph  in  which  you  give  a  detailed  account  of  the  morphology  and  syntax  of  the  Korean  sentence  meaning  ‘Ji-­‐young  is  my  young  sister’s  new  friend.’    Your  account  should  include  both  a  tree  diagram  showing  the  sentence’s  syntactic  structure  and  a  detailed  gloss  of  the  sentence’s  parts  (in  accordance  with  the  glossing  conventions  described  above).