lincoln administration. election of 1860 election results candidate party elect votes pop votes...

29
Lincoln Lincoln Administration Administration

Upload: cameron-jacobs

Post on 16-Dec-2015

227 views

Category:

Documents


1 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Lincoln Administration. Election of 1860 Election Results Candidate Party elect votes pop votes Candidate Party elect votes pop votes RED Abraham LincolnRepublican

Lincoln Lincoln AdministrationAdministration

Page 2: Lincoln Administration. Election of 1860 Election Results Candidate Party elect votes pop votes Candidate Party elect votes pop votes RED Abraham LincolnRepublican

Election of 1860Election of 1860

Page 3: Lincoln Administration. Election of 1860 Election Results Candidate Party elect votes pop votes Candidate Party elect votes pop votes RED Abraham LincolnRepublican

Election ResultsElection ResultsCandidateCandidate Party elect votes pop Party elect votes pop

votes votes RED Abraham Lincoln Republican  180  1,866,452LT Blue John C. Breckinridge  Democratic  72  847,953Gold John Bell  Constitutional Union  39  592,906Blue Stephen A. Douglas  Democratic  12  1,382,713Purple split between Lincoln and Douglas

Page 4: Lincoln Administration. Election of 1860 Election Results Candidate Party elect votes pop votes Candidate Party elect votes pop votes RED Abraham LincolnRepublican
Page 5: Lincoln Administration. Election of 1860 Election Results Candidate Party elect votes pop votes Candidate Party elect votes pop votes RED Abraham LincolnRepublican

Monday, March 4, 1861, was Monday, March 4, 1861, was a big day for Abraham a big day for Abraham Lincoln and for America. That Lincoln and for America. That morning, he and outgoing morning, he and outgoing President James Buchanan President James Buchanan left the Willard Hotel, which left the Willard Hotel, which is nearby the White House, in is nearby the White House, in a horse-drawn carriage a horse-drawn carriage bound for the Capitol. Shortly bound for the Capitol. Shortly after 1 p.m., Chief Justice of after 1 p.m., Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Roger B. the Supreme Court Roger B. Taney administered the Taney administered the presidential oath of office. presidential oath of office.

Page 6: Lincoln Administration. Election of 1860 Election Results Candidate Party elect votes pop votes Candidate Party elect votes pop votes RED Abraham LincolnRepublican

For guidance and inspiration while For guidance and inspiration while composing his inaugural address, Lincoln composing his inaugural address, Lincoln turned to historical documents. All of them turned to historical documents. All of them were concerned with states' rights.were concerned with states' rights.

Lincoln's inaugural address was stirring. He Lincoln's inaugural address was stirring. He appealed for the preservation of the Union. appealed for the preservation of the Union. To retain his support in the North without To retain his support in the North without further alienating the South, he called for further alienating the South, he called for compromise. He promised he would not compromise. He promised he would not initiate force to maintain the Union or initiate force to maintain the Union or interfere with slavery in the states in which interfere with slavery in the states in which it already existed. it already existed.

Page 7: Lincoln Administration. Election of 1860 Election Results Candidate Party elect votes pop votes Candidate Party elect votes pop votes RED Abraham LincolnRepublican
Page 8: Lincoln Administration. Election of 1860 Election Results Candidate Party elect votes pop votes Candidate Party elect votes pop votes RED Abraham LincolnRepublican
Page 9: Lincoln Administration. Election of 1860 Election Results Candidate Party elect votes pop votes Candidate Party elect votes pop votes RED Abraham LincolnRepublican

Oath of OfficeOath of Office

The origin of Lincoln's second Inaugural Bible is unknown, but it was open to Matthew 7:1; 18:7; and Revelations 16:7.

Page 10: Lincoln Administration. Election of 1860 Election Results Candidate Party elect votes pop votes Candidate Party elect votes pop votes RED Abraham LincolnRepublican

EventsEvents Life in the United States during Lincoln's Life in the United States during Lincoln's

administration revolved almost entirely around administration revolved almost entirely around the Civil War. the Civil War.

To raise money to fight the war, Congress levied To raise money to fight the war, Congress levied the first income tax in the history of the country.the first income tax in the history of the country.

For the first time, federal officeholders had to For the first time, federal officeholders had to take an oath of loyalty to the Union. take an oath of loyalty to the Union.

Pioneers flocked to the western frontier, and Pioneers flocked to the western frontier, and mining towns sprang up overnight. mining towns sprang up overnight.

The government gave free farms to settlers, and The government gave free farms to settlers, and set aside land for colleges that later became state set aside land for colleges that later became state universities universities

Page 11: Lincoln Administration. Election of 1860 Election Results Candidate Party elect votes pop votes Candidate Party elect votes pop votes RED Abraham LincolnRepublican

President Lincoln's cabinet included President Lincoln's cabinet included all of his major rivals for the all of his major rivals for the Republican nomination for President Republican nomination for President in 1860—William H. Seward, Salmon in 1860—William H. Seward, Salmon P. Chase, Simon Cameron and P. Chase, Simon Cameron and Edward BatesEdward Bates

Simon Cameron

William H. Seward

Salmon P. Chase

Edward Bates

Page 12: Lincoln Administration. Election of 1860 Election Results Candidate Party elect votes pop votes Candidate Party elect votes pop votes RED Abraham LincolnRepublican

Lincoln's Vice-Presidents and Lincoln's Vice-Presidents and CabinetCabinet

Vice-President Vice-President Hannibal HamlinHannibal HamlinAndrew Johnson (1865)Andrew Johnson (1865)

Secretary of State Secretary of State William H. SewardWilliam H. Seward Secretary of the Treasury Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. ChaseSalmon P. Chase

William P. Fessenden (1864)William P. Fessenden (1864)Hugh McCulloch (1865)Hugh McCulloch (1865)

Secretary of War Secretary of War Simon CameronSimon CameronEdwin M. Stanton (1862)Edwin M. Stanton (1862)

Attorney General Attorney General Edward BatesEdward BatesJames Speed (1864)James Speed (1864)

Postmaster General Postmaster General Montgomery BlairMontgomery BlairWilliam Dennison (1864)William Dennison (1864)

Secretary of the Navy Secretary of the Navy Gideon WellesGideon Welles Secretary of the Interior Secretary of the Interior Caleb B. SmithCaleb B. Smith

John P. Usher (1863)John P. Usher (1863)

Page 13: Lincoln Administration. Election of 1860 Election Results Candidate Party elect votes pop votes Candidate Party elect votes pop votes RED Abraham LincolnRepublican

No President ever had a Cabinet of which the members were No President ever had a Cabinet of which the members were so independent, had so large individual followings, and were so independent, had so large individual followings, and were

so inharmoniousso inharmonious

Part of the problem was a conflict of ambitions. William H. Part of the problem was a conflict of ambitions. William H. Seward had wanted to be President, and if he couldn't be Seward had wanted to be President, and if he couldn't be president, he wanted to act as if he was. Salmon P. Chase president, he wanted to act as if he was. Salmon P. Chase made it clear that he both wanted to be President and knew made it clear that he both wanted to be President and knew he would be a better one that Mr. Lincoln. Montgomery Blair he would be a better one that Mr. Lincoln. Montgomery Blair wanted his brother Frank to be President and himself to be wanted his brother Frank to be President and himself to be a Supreme Court Chief Justice. Attorney General Bates also a Supreme Court Chief Justice. Attorney General Bates also wanted to head the Court and told the President so. After wanted to head the Court and told the President so. After Chase departed the Cabinet, Chase and his friends shifted Chase departed the Cabinet, Chase and his friends shifted his attention to that post. Caleb Smith wanted to just be a his attention to that post. Caleb Smith wanted to just be a member of the Court and maneuvered to block the member of the Court and maneuvered to block the appointment of Mr. Lincoln's Illinois friends, David Davis appointment of Mr. Lincoln's Illinois friends, David Davis and Orville H. Browning. Even Edwin Stanton aspired to and Orville H. Browning. Even Edwin Stanton aspired to lead the Supreme Court; his wife enlisted Browning's aid in lead the Supreme Court; his wife enlisted Browning's aid in pressing his case in the fall of 1865. Gideon Welles alone pressing his case in the fall of 1865. Gideon Welles alone seemed to have no conflicting aspirations—because he was seemed to have no conflicting aspirations—because he was better at critiquing the ambitions of others better at critiquing the ambitions of others

Page 14: Lincoln Administration. Election of 1860 Election Results Candidate Party elect votes pop votes Candidate Party elect votes pop votes RED Abraham LincolnRepublican

One reason Lincoln appointed so One reason Lincoln appointed so many rivals to cabinet posts is that many rivals to cabinet posts is that he intended to rely on his own he intended to rely on his own judgment rather than that of his judgment rather than that of his advisersadvisers

Page 15: Lincoln Administration. Election of 1860 Election Results Candidate Party elect votes pop votes Candidate Party elect votes pop votes RED Abraham LincolnRepublican

Vice President Hannibal Hamlin Vice President Hannibal Hamlin played an important role in the played an important role in the cabinet selection process—but little cabinet selection process—but little role in the subsequent role in the subsequent administration. administration.

Page 16: Lincoln Administration. Election of 1860 Election Results Candidate Party elect votes pop votes Candidate Party elect votes pop votes RED Abraham LincolnRepublican

Among the Cabinet members, Among the Cabinet members, there was also considerable there was also considerable friction, based on jealousy of friction, based on jealousy of relations with the President relations with the President and animosity over policy. and animosity over policy. Nor did they generally get Nor did they generally get along very well. along very well.

The president took no part The president took no part those rivalries and those rivalries and pretensions pretensions

Page 17: Lincoln Administration. Election of 1860 Election Results Candidate Party elect votes pop votes Candidate Party elect votes pop votes RED Abraham LincolnRepublican

Much of the Cabinet jealousy was directed Much of the Cabinet jealousy was directed toward Secretary of State William H. Sewardtoward Secretary of State William H. Seward

William H. Seward was the Senator from New York (Whig, Republican, 1849-61) who was the leading candidate for Republican presidential nomination in 1860. His association with New York Republican boss Thurlow Weed tainted him in the eyes of many.

Seward took office with a condescending and skeptical attitude toward Mr. Lincoln. He and the President became close personal friends—to the consternation of his enemies

Page 18: Lincoln Administration. Election of 1860 Election Results Candidate Party elect votes pop votes Candidate Party elect votes pop votes RED Abraham LincolnRepublican

Assistant Secretary of War Assistant Secretary of War Charles A. Dana wrote Charles A. Dana wrote

““The relations between Mr. Lincoln and the The relations between Mr. Lincoln and the members of his Cabinet were always friendly and members of his Cabinet were always friendly and sincere on his part. He treated every one of them sincere on his part. He treated every one of them with unvarying candor, respect, and kindness; but with unvarying candor, respect, and kindness; but though several of them were men of extraordinary though several of them were men of extraordinary force and self-assertion—this was true especially of force and self-assertion—this was true especially of Mr. Seward, Mr. Chase, and Mr. Stanton—and Mr. Seward, Mr. Chase, and Mr. Stanton—and though there was nothing of selfhood or domination though there was nothing of selfhood or domination in his manner toward them, it was always plain that in his manner toward them, it was always plain that he was the master and they the subordinates. They he was the master and they the subordinates. They constantly had to yield to his will in questions where constantly had to yield to his will in questions where responsibility fell upon him. If he ever yielded to responsibility fell upon him. If he ever yielded to theirs, it was because they convinced him that the theirs, it was because they convinced him that the course they advised was judicious and appropriate.” course they advised was judicious and appropriate.”

Page 19: Lincoln Administration. Election of 1860 Election Results Candidate Party elect votes pop votes Candidate Party elect votes pop votes RED Abraham LincolnRepublican

““Not that they were always satisfied with his actions; Not that they were always satisfied with his actions; the members of the Cabinet, like human beings in the members of the Cabinet, like human beings in general, were not pleased with everything. In their general, were not pleased with everything. In their judgment much was imperfect in the administration; judgment much was imperfect in the administration; much, they felt, would have been done better if their much, they felt, would have been done better if their views had been adopted and they individually had views had been adopted and they individually had had charge of it. Not so with the President. He was had charge of it. Not so with the President. He was calm, equable, uncomplaining. In the discussion of calm, equable, uncomplaining. In the discussion of important questions, whatever he said showed the important questions, whatever he said showed the profoundest thought, even when he was joking. He profoundest thought, even when he was joking. He seemed to see every side of every question. He seemed to see every side of every question. He never was impatient, he never was in a hurry, and he never was impatient, he never was in a hurry, and he never tried to hurry anybody else. To every one he never tried to hurry anybody else. To every one he was pleasant and cordial. Yet they all felt it was his was pleasant and cordial. Yet they all felt it was his word that went at last; that every case was open word that went at last; that every case was open until he gave his decision.”until he gave his decision.”

Page 20: Lincoln Administration. Election of 1860 Election Results Candidate Party elect votes pop votes Candidate Party elect votes pop votes RED Abraham LincolnRepublican

Criticism of Postmaster General Montgomery Blair by Radical Criticism of Postmaster General Montgomery Blair by Radical Republicans led to his forced resignation in the middle of the Republicans led to his forced resignation in the middle of the presidential campaign. With the reelection of President presidential campaign. With the reelection of President Lincoln in 1864, there were several resignations. Ward Hill Lincoln in 1864, there were several resignations. Ward Hill Lamon remembered: “When Attorney-General Bates Lamon remembered: “When Attorney-General Bates resigned, late in 1864, after the resignation of Postmaster-resigned, late in 1864, after the resignation of Postmaster-General Blair in that year, the Cabinet was left without a General Blair in that year, the Cabinet was left without a Southern member. A few days before the meeting of the Southern member. A few days before the meeting of the Supreme Court, which then met in December, Mr. Lincoln Supreme Court, which then met in December, Mr. Lincoln sent for Titian F. Coffey, and said: ‘My Cabinet has shrunk up sent for Titian F. Coffey, and said: ‘My Cabinet has shrunk up North, and I must find a Southern man. I suppose if the North, and I must find a Southern man. I suppose if the twelve Apostles were to be chosen nowadays, the shrieks of twelve Apostles were to be chosen nowadays, the shrieks of locality would have to be heeded.” By early in 1865, there locality would have to be heeded.” By early in 1865, there were also new appointees to the Departments of the Interior were also new appointees to the Departments of the Interior and Treasury. Of the original cabinet only Secretary of State and Treasury. Of the original cabinet only Secretary of State Seward and Navy Secretary Welles remained Seward and Navy Secretary Welles remained

Montgomery Blair Gideon Welles

Page 21: Lincoln Administration. Election of 1860 Election Results Candidate Party elect votes pop votes Candidate Party elect votes pop votes RED Abraham LincolnRepublican

Andrew Johnson Vice Andrew Johnson Vice presidentpresident

Page 22: Lincoln Administration. Election of 1860 Election Results Candidate Party elect votes pop votes Candidate Party elect votes pop votes RED Abraham LincolnRepublican

Republicans across the country had the jitters in Republicans across the country had the jitters in August, fearing that Lincoln would be defeated. August, fearing that Lincoln would be defeated. Acknowledging those fears, Lincoln wrote and Acknowledging those fears, Lincoln wrote and signed a pledge that, if he should lose the signed a pledge that, if he should lose the election, he would none the less defeat the election, he would none the less defeat the Confederacy by an all-out military effort before Confederacy by an all-out military effort before turning over the White House:turning over the White House:

This morning, as for some days past, it seems This morning, as for some days past, it seems exceedingly probable that this Administration will exceedingly probable that this Administration will not be re-elected. Then it will be my duty to so not be re-elected. Then it will be my duty to so co-operate with the President elect, as to save co-operate with the President elect, as to save the Union between the election and the the Union between the election and the inauguration; as he will have secured his election inauguration; as he will have secured his election on such ground that he cannot possibly save it on such ground that he cannot possibly save it afterwards.afterwards.

Lincoln did not show the pledge to his cabinet, Lincoln did not show the pledge to his cabinet, but asked them to sign the sealed envelopebut asked them to sign the sealed envelope

Page 23: Lincoln Administration. Election of 1860 Election Results Candidate Party elect votes pop votes Candidate Party elect votes pop votes RED Abraham LincolnRepublican
Page 24: Lincoln Administration. Election of 1860 Election Results Candidate Party elect votes pop votes Candidate Party elect votes pop votes RED Abraham LincolnRepublican

Against the grainAgainst the grain

During the Civil War, Lincoln appropriated During the Civil War, Lincoln appropriated powers no previous President had wielded: powers no previous President had wielded: he used his war powers to proclaim a he used his war powers to proclaim a blockade, suspended the writ of habeus blockade, suspended the writ of habeus corpus, spent money without congressional corpus, spent money without congressional authorization, and imprisoned 18,000 authorization, and imprisoned 18,000 suspected Confederate sympathizers suspected Confederate sympathizers without trial. Nearly all of his actions, without trial. Nearly all of his actions, although vehemently denounced by the although vehemently denounced by the Copperheads, were subsequently upheld by Copperheads, were subsequently upheld by Congress and the Courts Congress and the Courts

Page 25: Lincoln Administration. Election of 1860 Election Results Candidate Party elect votes pop votes Candidate Party elect votes pop votes RED Abraham LincolnRepublican

18651865

Place of Nominating ConventionPlace of Nominating Convention BaltimoreBaltimore

Ballot on Which NominatedBallot on Which Nominated 1 1stst

Democratic OpponentDemocratic Opponent George B. McClellanGeorge B. McClellan

Electoral VoteElectoral Vote 212 (Lincoln) to 21 212 (Lincoln) to 21 (McClellan)(McClellan)Popular VotePopular Vote 2,206,938 (Lincoln) to 2,206,938 (Lincoln) to 1,803,787 (McClellan)1,803,787 (McClellan)

Age at InaugurationAge at Inauguration 56 56

Page 26: Lincoln Administration. Election of 1860 Election Results Candidate Party elect votes pop votes Candidate Party elect votes pop votes RED Abraham LincolnRepublican

On March 4, 1865, he delivered his On March 4, 1865, he delivered his second inaugural address, which was second inaugural address, which was his favorite of all his speeches. At his favorite of all his speeches. At this time, a victory over the rebels this time, a victory over the rebels was at hand, slavery was dead, and was at hand, slavery was dead, and Lincoln was looking to the future Lincoln was looking to the future

Page 27: Lincoln Administration. Election of 1860 Election Results Candidate Party elect votes pop votes Candidate Party elect votes pop votes RED Abraham LincolnRepublican

22ndnd inauguration inauguration

Admission for admittance was a $10 ticket along with the formal invitation, which admitted “one gentleman and two ladies” to his

second inaugural ball

Page 28: Lincoln Administration. Election of 1860 Election Results Candidate Party elect votes pop votes Candidate Party elect votes pop votes RED Abraham LincolnRepublican

SpeechSpeech

With malice toward none, with charity With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation’s wounds, to to bind up the nation’s wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.among ourselves and with all nations.

Page 29: Lincoln Administration. Election of 1860 Election Results Candidate Party elect votes pop votes Candidate Party elect votes pop votes RED Abraham LincolnRepublican

On April 9, 1865, General Lee surrendered at On April 9, 1865, General Lee surrendered at Appomattox Court House in Virginia; the war was Appomattox Court House in Virginia; the war was effectively over. The other rebel armies effectively over. The other rebel armies surrendered and there was no guerrilla warfare. surrendered and there was no guerrilla warfare. Lincoln went to Richmond to make a public gesture Lincoln went to Richmond to make a public gesture of sitting at Jefferson Davis's own desk, of sitting at Jefferson Davis's own desk, symbolically saying to the nation that the President symbolically saying to the nation that the President of the United States held authority over the entire of the United States held authority over the entire land. He was greeted at the city as a conquering land. He was greeted at the city as a conquering hero by freed slaves, whose sentiments were hero by freed slaves, whose sentiments were epitomized by one admirer's quote, "I know I am epitomized by one admirer's quote, "I know I am free for I have seen the face of Father Abraham free for I have seen the face of Father Abraham and have felt him". When a general asked Lincoln and have felt him". When a general asked Lincoln how the defeated Confederates should be treated, how the defeated Confederates should be treated, Lincoln replied, "Let 'em up easy Lincoln replied, "Let 'em up easy