l'indochine, fleuron asiatique de l'empire colonial français

23
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

Upload: tranxuyen

Post on 05-Jan-2017

227 views

Category:

Documents


1 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: L'Indochine, fleuron asiatique de l'empire colonial français

!"#$%&'()$*+,-.*/0&$,12)13)4/*,%*,."*56)0*,'&.&$)1.,-01$71)2,,

!"#$$%&'(')*+%$)(,*'(+&($&'-%.&()"/.*0%1("&(+*(2345(

6(+7),#8/&(.#+#9%*+&:(+7;9"#.<%9&(1'*9=*%$&(&$0(.#9$0%0/)&("&$(*.0/&+$(0&''%0#%'&$("/(>%&09*?:("/(@*#$(&0("/(A*?B#"C&D(@&(,'&?%&'()0*%0(+/%E?F?&($/B"%-%$)(*"?%9%$0'*0%-&?&90(&90'&(+*(A#.<%9.<%9&(*/(G/":(*/0#/'("/("&+0*("/(2)H#9C(!.*,%0*+&(I(

G*%C#95:(+7699*?(J(+7K$0(!.*,%0*+&(I(L/)5(&0(+&(4#9H%9(*/(M#'"($/'(+&("&+0*("/(1+&/-&(N#/C&(!.*,%0*+&(I(L*9#O5D(

!"#$%&!'&!()&*+&,-(&!'&!(#!./*0*+1(&!0*'2340*20+&5!!%0$/&!'1!632%%0+4!7&28$#.403#(!9#8#:0*&5!;<<=!

!

>+21$3&!?!@@@A(0-A1%&B#+A&'1C!

!

Page 2: L'Indochine, fleuron asiatique de l'empire colonial français

D#!"2340*340*&!&%!6#082*!

!

!

(

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;G;HC!

!

@*(A#.<%9.<%9&(&0(G*%C#9($#90(J(+*(1%9("/(P;P&($%Q.+&(+&($R?B#+&("&(+*(?%$$%#9(.%-%+%$*0'%.&("&(+*(S'*9.&(&9(6$%&(#'%&90*+&D(@*(')*+%0)( "&( +*( ?*%9?%$&( 1'*9=*%$&( $/'( .&( 0&''%0#%'&( &$0( ,#/'0*90( &9.#'&( ').&90&( J( .&00&( ),#8/&:( &0( .&00&( ,#+%0%8/&(

"7*,,'#,'%*0%#9(1/0(+#%9("&($/$.%0&'(+7/9*9%?%0):("#99*(+%&/(J("&$(T#/0&$(,#+%0%8/&$(?)?#'*B+&$(&0(.#9"/%$%0(J("&$('&-&'$(?%+%0*%'&$(9#9(9)C+%C&*B+&$D((

6/(")B/0("/(P;P&($%Q.+&:(+&(>%&09*?()0*%0(/9(&?,%'&(/9%1%)($#/$(+*("R9*$0%&("&$(MC/R&9:("#90(+*(.*,%0*+&()0*%0(L/)D(A7&$0($#/$(M*,#+)#9( ;;;:(*-&.( +7%90&'-&90%#9(?%+%0*%'&( 1'*9=*%$&(&9(A#.<%9.<%9&:(8/&( +*(S'*9.&($7%??%$.&(,'#C'&$$%-&?&90("*9$(

+&$(*11*%'&$("&(.&(,*R$D(;+($7*C%0("&(')/$$%'(J(.#90'&'(+7&?,%'&(B'%0*99%8/&("&$(;9"&$(&9(.#90'U+*90("&$(0&''%0#%'&$(J(+7&$0("/(G%*?(!4<*O+*9"&5(,#/'(*00&%9"'&(+*(A<%9&D(

A&00&(%90'/$%#9(&$0()C*+&?&90(?#0%-)&(,*'( +*(,'&$$%#9("&$(2%$$%#9$()0'*9CQ'&$("&(V*'%$:(8/%($#/<*%0&90( +*(,'#0&.0%#9("&(+&/'$(?%$$%#99*%'&$(,&'$)./0)$:(&0(,*'(.&++&("&$(?%+%&/W("7*11*%'&$(B#'"&+*%$(&0(?*'$&%++*%$:("*9$(/9(.#90&W0&("7&W,*9$%#9(

"/(C'*9"(9)C#.&(%90&'9*0%#9*+D(((

A7&$0( *%9$%(8/7J( +*( $/%0&("&("%-&'$( %9.%"&90$:( +*( -%++&( 1#'0%1%)&(*99*?%0&("&(G*%C#9(&$0(,'%$&(,*'(/9( .#',$(&W,)"%0%#99*%'&(1'*9=*%$(&9(XYZ[D(

(

(

(

Page 3: L'Indochine, fleuron asiatique de l'empire colonial français

(

K9( XY\]:( +7*?%'*+( V*C&( ,'&9"( +*(").%$%#9($/%-*90&(I(^(600&9"/(8/7%+(&$0("7/9&(C'*9"&(%?,#'0*9.&(,#/'(

+&$( 9*0%#9$( "&( +7K/'#,&( "&( 1*%'&(,)9)0'&'( +&( .#??&'.&( "*9$( +&(N#R*/?&( "&( A#.<%9.<%9&:( 1&'?)(

T/$8/7%.%( J( 0#/0&( '&+*0%#9( *-&.( +&$(K/'#,)&9$:(8/&(+&$(<*B%0*90$("&(+*(2*+*%$%&(&0("7/9&(,*'0%&("&$(.U0&$(

"&( +*( A<%9&( $#90( <*/0&?&90(%90)'&$$)$(J(-#%'($7#/-'%'(/9&(-#%&(

8/%( +&/'( ,&'?&00'*( "&( 0%'&'( "&$(,'#-%9.&$( "/( G/"( "&( +*(A#.<%9.<%9&( +&$( '%_( "#90( %+$( #90(

B&$#%9(,#/'(+&/'($/B$%$0*9.&(`(8/&(+7#/-&'0/'&( "7/9( ,#'0( "*9$( .&00&(,*'0%&("/( '#R*/?&("7699*?(,&/0(

.#90'%B/&'( J( <a0&'( +*( .#9.+/$%#9("&(+*(C/&''&(`(8/&(+7#B$0%9*0%#9("&(

3#/-&'9&?&90( .#.<%9.<%9#%$( J( '&1/$&'( 0#/0( .#90*.0( *-&.( +&$( K/'#,)&9$( &0(?F?&( J( +&$(?*+0'*%0&':( *( 1#'.)( +*( S'*9.&( J(

").+*'&'( +*( C/&''&( */( N#%( "&( A#.<%9.<%9&:( ").%"&(I( @*( N%-%Q'&( "&( G*%C#9:( "&,/%$( +&( A*,( G*%90Eb*.8/&$( T/$8/7J( +*( -%++&( "&(G*%C#9:(&$0(#/-&'0&:($#/$(+*(,'#0&.0%#9("&(+7*/0#'%0)(1'*9=*%$&:(*/W(9*-%'&$("&(.#??&'.&("&(0#/0&$(+&$(9*0%#9$(&9(,*%W(*-&.(+*(S'*9.&:(&9($&($#/?&00*90(*/W('QC+&?&90$("/(,#'0(8/%(+&/'($&'#90($%C9%1%)$(,*'(+&(Ba0%?&90($0*0%#99*%'&(J(+7&90')&("&(+*(

'%-%Q'&D(c((

@*( 8/&$0%#9( $&( ,#$&( %??)"%*0&?&90( "/($0*0/0( J( "#99&'( J( .&( 0&''%0#%'&D( ( V#/'(M*,#+)#9( ;;;:( /9( *..#'"( *-&.( +*( .#/'( "&(L/)(

"&-*%0( ,&'?&00'&( +*( +%B&'0)( "&( .#??&'.&( &0("&( '&+%C%#9D( @&$( ?%+%0*%'&$:( &/W:( #90( -%0&(.#9$.%&9.&( 8/7/9&( .#98/F0&( ?%+%0*%'&(

"&$0%9)&( J( %?,#$&'( +*( $#/-&'*%9&0)( "&( +*(S'*9.&( &$0( +*( $&/+&( $#+/0%#9( ,#/'( ).*'0&'( +*(?&9*.&(8/&(1*%0(,&$&'(+7&99&?%(*99*?%0&($/'(

G*%C#9:( ")$#'?*%$( #../,)&( ,*'( +&$( S'*9=*%$D(@&$( *'?*0&/'$( &0( .#??&'=*90$:( ( "7*B#'"(1*-#'*B+&$( J( +*( .#9.&$$%#9( "7/9( .#?,0#%'(

*-&.( ,'%-%+QC&$( "#/*9%&'$:( $&( '*9C&90( -%0&( J(.&00&("&'9%Q'&(#,0%#9D(

K9(XY\d:(+&(0'*%0)("&(G*%C#9(&$0($%C9)(&90'&(+*(S'*9.&( &0( +*( .#/'( "&( L/)(I( +*( S'*9.&( $&( 1*%0(

'&?&00'&(,+/$%&/'$(,'#-%9.&$:($.&++*90(*%9$%(+&($#'0("&(+*(e*$$&EA#.<%9.<%9&(&0(?*'8/*90(+&$(")B/0$("&(+*(,'%$&("&(,#$$&$$%#9(1'*9=*%$&("&(+7;9"#.<%9&D(

(((((((

(

(

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;G<IC!

(

(

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;G<GC!

Page 4: L'Indochine, fleuron asiatique de l'empire colonial français

((

6-*90( +7#/-&'0/'&( "&$( +%C9&$( *)'%&99&$(&90'&( V*'%$( &0( G*%C#9:( %+( 1*++*%0( dY( T#/'$(,#/'( '&+%&'( 2*'$&%++&( &0( G*%C#9D( @&( .*,(

G*%90Eb*.8/&$( &$0( +&( ,'&?%&'( +%&/( 8/&(").#/-'&90( +&$( ,*$$*C&'$( *''%-*90( &9(;9"#.<%9&( *,'Q$( 8/*0'&( $&?*%9&$( "&(

9*-%C*0%#9D( ;+( "&-%&90( -%0&( /9&( -%++&( "&(C*'9%$#9:( ,/%$( /9&( $0*0%#9( B*+9)*%'&( 0'Q$(,'%$)&("&$(.#+#9$D(@&(1/0/'(,')$%"&90("&(+*(

N),/B+%8/&( V*/+( f#/?&':( C#/-&'9&/'(C)9)'*+("&(+7;9"#.<%9&("&(XY[g(J(X[]d:(R(1*%0( .#9$0'/%'&( /9&( ')$%"&9.&( "&(

-%++)C%*0/'&:( +*( .)+QB'&( >%++*( e+*9.<&D( @*(-%++&(.#?,0&($*9$("#/0&(/9(,&/(?#%9$("&(\]]](<*B%0*90$(*/(")B/0("/(PP&($%Q.+&D(

(

(

(

(

(

6( ,*'0%'( "/( .*,( G*%90Eb*.8/&$:( +&( 9*-%'&( '&?#90&( +*(^('%-%Q'&("&(G*%C#9(c:(8/%(&$0(&9(1*%0(+&(.#/'$(%91)'%&/'("/(f#99*%:( 1+&/-&( ,*'&$$&/W( */W( &*/W( T*/9a0'&$:( 8/%(

")'#/+&( $&$( ?)*9"'&$( ,&9"*90( h( J( Z( <&/'&$:( *-*90(+7*..#$0*C&(*/(")B*'.*"Q'&("&(G*%C#9:(1*.&(J(+7LU0&+("&$(2&$$*C&'%&$( 2*'%0%?&$:( $,+&9"%"&( )0*B+%$$&?&90( "&( +*(

,'&$0%C%&/$&(.#?,*C9%&D((

@&$( ,*$$*C&'$( $#90( *+#'$( ,+#9C)$( "*9$( +7*C%0*0%#9( "&$(.##+%&$:( "&$( ,#'0&1*%W:( "&$( .#9"/.0&/'$( "&( ,#/$$&E,#/$$&i( &0( "&$( K/'#,)&9$( -&9/$( */( '&9"&_E-#/$( "/(

.#/''%&'("&(S'*9.&D(

(

(

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;G;;C!

!

!

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;GH;C!

Page 5: L'Indochine, fleuron asiatique de l'empire colonial français

!J&K1&!E21$!'1!92*'&!;<LI!

!

>+21$3&!?!4%%.?MM-&((&0*'2340*&AN$&&AN$C!!

(6/( 0#/'9*90( "/( PP&( $%Q.+&:( G*%C#9( &$0( +&(

^(V*'%$("&(+7KW0'F?&Ej'%&90(cD(G%(+7&W,'&$$%#9($&?B+&( /9( B'%9( ,#?,&/$&:( %+( 97&9( &$0( ,*$(?#%9$( -'*%( 8/&( +&$( *?%'*/WEBa0%$$&/'$( "&$(

")B/0$( "&( +7%9$0*++*0%#9( 1'*9=*%$&( &9(A#.<%9.<%9&( #90( 1*%0( $/'C%'( /9( &?B'R#9( "&(-%++&(&/'#,)&99&(+J(#k(97)0*%&90(*/,*'*-*90(

8/&(?*').*C&$:(,*%++#0&$(&0('/&++&$D(@7*?%'*+(e#9*'":(,'&?%&'(C#/-&'9&/'("&(A#.<%9.<%9&(!XY\XEXY\l5:( 1*%0( .#9.&-#%'( +&$( ,+*9$( "7/9&(

-%++&(8/%(&9C+#B&(G*%C#9(&0(A<#+#9:(B#/'C*"&(,&/,+)&("&(.#??&'=*90$("7#'%C%9&(.<%9#%$&D(

G#/$( +&( $/..&$$&/'( "&( e#9*'":( +7*?%'*+( @*(3'*9"%Q'&(!XY\lEXY\Y5:(+&$(0'*-*/W(-#90(B#9(0'*%9:( *$$/'*90( +7%9$0*++*0%#9( "&$( C'*9"$(

$&'-%.&$(I( 4')$#'&'%&:( b/$0%.&:( V#+%.&i(@7),#/$&( "&( @*( 3'*9"%Q'&:( 8/%( 1%9%0( ,*'( +&('&T#%9"'&:( "&-%&90( +*( '&%9&( "&$( ,'&?%Q'&$(

?#9"*9%0)$($*%C#99*%$&$D(

!

!

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;GO;C!

Page 6: L'Indochine, fleuron asiatique de l'empire colonial français

(f*9$(+&$(*99)&$(XYY]:(G*%C#9($&(0'*9$1#'?&(J(-/&("7m%+D(@&$(Ba0%?&90$(,/B+%.$($#90(.#9$0'/%0$("*9$(+&($0R+&($/'.<*'C)("&(+7),#8/&:(0)?#%C9*90(*%9$%("&(+*(0#/0&E,/%$$*9.&("&(+7*"?%9%$0'*0%#9(.#+#9%*+&D(

(

(

@&(,*+*%$("/(C#/-&'9&?&90(C)9)'*+(

&$0( .#9$0'/%0( &90'&( XY\Y( &0( XYgl("*9$( /9( $0R+&( 0'Q$( M*,#+)#9( ;;;D( ;+(&$0( "7*B#'"( /0%+%$)( .#??&(

')$%"&9.&("/(C#/-&'9&/':( ,/%$(,*'(+&( 3#/-&'9&/'E3)9)'*+( "&( +7;9"#E

.<%9&(1'*9=*%$&D(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

( (

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

K9(XYgg:(G*%C#9(&$0()'%C)(&9(.#??/9&D(A&0()-)9&?&90("#99&(9*%$$*9.&(J(/9&(-%&(,#+%0%8/&:(#k(($&($/..Q"&90(.*?,*C9&$(,#/'(+7)+&.0%#9(*/(.#9$&%+(?/9%.%,*+:(,/%$(*/(.#9$&%+(.#+#9%*+(!.'))(&9(1)-'%&'(XYY]5:(,/%$:(J(,*'0%'("&(9#-&?B'&(XYYX:(,#/'(+7)+&.0%#9("7/9('&,')$&90*90(J(+*(A<*?B'&("&$("),/0)$D(

(

(

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;GOOC!

D&!.#(#0+!'1!D0&1%&*#*%P721K&$*&1$!'&!"2340*340*&!

(

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;GG;C!!

Page 7: L'Indochine, fleuron asiatique de l'empire colonial français

(@*( .#9$0'/.0%#9( "7/9( <U,%0*+( .&90'*+( J(G*%C#9:( B%&90U0( $/%-%( "&( 8/*0'&( */0'&$(

&9(,'#-%9.&:(&$0(+7/9&("&$(,'%#'%0)$("&$(*?%'*/WEC#/-&'9&/'$( 1#9"*0&/'$("&( +*(.#+#9%&D( @*( A#.<%9.<%9&( &$0( '),/0)&(

,#/'($#9(?*/-*%$(.+%?*0D(j9(%9.'%?%9&($#/-&90( +&( $#+&%+( 8/%( 1#/"'#%&:( +*(.<*+&/'( </?%"&( 8/%( *9)?%&:( +&$(

?%*$?&$( ?*').*C&/WD( ( 6/E"&+J( "&$(8/&+8/&$( ")$*C')?&90$( ?%9&/'$(

!,%8n'&$( "&( ?#/$0%8/&$:( 1%Q-'&:("%*''<)&( o+*( ^(.#.<%9.<%9&00&(cE5:(.&'0*%9&$( ?*+*"%&$( 1#90( "&(

9#?B'&/$&$( -%.0%?&$:( $/'0#/0( */(")B/0( "&( +*( .#+#9%&(I( "R$&90&'%&:(,*+/"%$?&:( .<#+)'*( !%9-&90%#9( "/(

-*..%9( &9( XY[l5i( 6( G*%C#9( #9( &$0( &9()0*0( "7*+&'0&("Q$( +7*99#9.&("7/9( 1#R&'("7%91&.0%#9(,*'(+&(.<#+)'*("*9$(/9(,*R$(

-#%$%9D(j9( $/%0(*-&.(*9C#%$$&( +*(,'#,*C*0%#9("&( +7),%")?%&D( (6%9$%( .&++&("&(XYYXEYd(I( +*(,#,/+*0%#9( $&( .*+1&/0'&("*9$( +&$(?*%$#9$(`( 0#/0&( +*( A#.<%9.<%9&( &90'&( &9( 8/*'*90*%9&(`( +&$( 9*-%'&$( "&$(2&$$*C&'%&$(?*'%0%?&$( '&1/$&90( "&( '&?#90&'( +*('%-%Q'&( &0( $7*''F0&90( */( .*,( G*%90Eb*.8/&$( ,#/'( R( "),#$&'( &0( ,'&9"'&( +&( .#/''%&'( "&( +*( .#+#9%&D( ( 6/( B#/0( "&( 0'#%$(?#%$:(

+7),%")?%&( $7)-*9#/%0i(?*%$( '&1*%0( $/'1*.&( &9( XYYh:( XY[Z:( X[]dD( ;+( 1*/0( */$$%( 0&9%'( .#?,0&( "&$( '*-*C&$( "&( +7*+.##+D( @&$(<U,%0*/W( $#90( 0#/T#/'$( ,+&%9$D( S#9.0%#99*%'&$( .%-%+$:( .#??&'=*90$:( .#+#9$( ,&/-&90( F0'&( *"?%$( J( +7LU,%0*+(?%+%0*%'&D( @&$(1#'?*+%0)$($#90(.&,&9"*90(.#?,+%8/)&$(&0(+7*../&%+("&$(1&??&$(&$0(.#?,+%8/)(1*/0&("&($&'-%.&$(&0("&(+#C&?&90$(*"*,0)$D(

A&'0*%9$(9*-%'&$($#90(')$&'-)$(*/W('*,*0'%)$($*9%0*%'&$:(.&/W(8/%(,#/''#90(&$,)'&'(+*(C/)'%$#9(&9(?)0'#,#+&:(.&/W(8/%($#90(

")1%9%0%-&?&90(%9*,0&$(*/($&'-%.&(.#+#9%*+:(#/(.&/W(8/7%+(&$0(?%&/W("&('&9-#R&'(?#/'%'(.<&_(&/WD(V+/$("&(d](]]](?*+*"&$($#90(*%9$%(&?B*'8/)$(J(G*%C#9(&90'&(XY\X(&0(XYg[D(

(

(

(

((

(

(

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;G=HC!

(

(

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;G=IC!

(

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;G=OC!

Page 8: L'Indochine, fleuron asiatique de l'empire colonial français

(

(

@*(.#9$0'/.0%#9("&(+*(.*0<)"'*+&(M#0'&Ef*?&(.#??&9.&(&9(XYggD(;+($7*C%0(*+#'$(9#9($&/+&?&90("&(1#/'9%'(/9(+%&/("&(./+0&(*/W(?%$$%#9$:(?*%$( */$$%( "7*11%'?&'(*/W( R&/W("&$(>%&09*?%&9$( +&(,'&$0%C&("&( +*( .%-%+%$*0%#9( 1'*9=*%$&D(2)+*9C&*90( $0R+&$(

'#?*9(&0(C#0<%8/&:(+*(.*0<)"'*+&(,'&9"(,#/'(?#"Q+&(M#0'&Ef*?&("&(V*'%$D(@&$(?*0)'%*/W("&(.#9$0'/.0%#9($#90(%?,#'0)$("&(S'*9.&:(9#0*??&90(+*(B'%8/&('#/C&("&(4#/+#/$&D(;9*/C/')&(&9(XYY]:(&++&(9&('&=#%0($&$(.+#.<&'$(8/7&9(XY[ZD(

(

e#'"*90( +*(?F?&( ,+*.&( 8/&( +*( .*0<)"'*+&:( +pLU0&+("&$(V#$0&$(&0(4)+)C'*,<&$(&$0(.#9$0'/%0(&9(XY[XD(G*(

.<*',&90&( ?)0*++%8/&( &$0( .#9=/&( ,*'( 3/$0*-&(K%11&+D( Ap&$0( +&( ,+/$( C'*9"( B/'&*/( "&( ,#$0&( "/(>%&09*?(&0( +7/9( "&$( ,+/$( B&*/W( "*9$( +&(?#9"&D( ;+(

$R?B#+%$&(+&(+%&9(*-&.(+*(?)0'#,#+&D((

6/( ")B/0( "&( +*( .#+#9%$*0%#9:( +&( 0)+)C'*,<&( *( T#/)(

/9( 'U+&( ")0&'?%9*90( "*9$( +*( 0'*9$?%$$%#9( "&$(

#'"'&$( ?%+%0*%'&$( &0( +*( .##'"%9*0%#9( "&$(#,)'*0%#9$D((

(

(

!

!

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;GOIC!

!

!

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;GHHC!

!

!

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;GOHC!

(

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;GI=C!

Page 9: L'Indochine, fleuron asiatique de l'empire colonial français

(

(@&(4<)a0'&(?/9%.%,*+(&$0(.#9$0'/%0(&9(X[]]D(;+(*../&%++&:(J(C'*9"$(1'*%$:("&$(0'#/,&$("&(0<)a0'&("&(?)0'#,#+&(,#/'(

/9&(#/("&/W( $*%$#9$:(#/("&$(.*90*0'%.&$("&(,*$$*C&:(&0(,&'?&0( "7*9%?&'( 8/&+8/&( ,&/( /9&( -%++&( "*9$( +*8/&++&(+7)+%0&( $7&99/%&( +&( $#%'D( G*( 1*=*"&( &$0( %9$,%')&( "/( V&0%0(

V*+*%$( "&( V*'%$D( @7*?)9*C&?&90( %90)'%&/'( %9.+/0( /9(,*'0&''&(&0("&/W(B*+.#9$:(.*,*B+&$("&(,'#,#$&'( T/$8/7J(XY]]( $%QC&$:( +7*.#/$0%8/&( &0( +7).+*%'*C&( $#90( &W.&++&90$:(

").#'$:( %9$.'%,0%#9$( &0( ?&/B+&$( #90( )0)( "&$$%9)$( &9(S'*9.&(,*'("&$(*'0%$0&$(1'*9=*%$(&0(&9-#R)$(J(G*%C#9D(6(+*(

1%9("&$(*99)&$(X[Z](&0("*9$(+&$(*99)&$(X[\]:(.&(0<)a0'&($&'*(+&($%QC&("/(,*'+&?&90("/(G/"E>%&09*?D(

(

(

(

@*( .*0<)"'*+&:( +7<U0&+( "&$( V#$0&$( &0( +&( 0<)a0'&( 1#90( ,*'0%&( "&$(?#9/?&90$(?*T&/'$( 8/%( ,*'$Q?&90( +*( '/&( A*0%9*0:( *W&(,'%9.%,*+("&( +*(-%++&(.#+#9%*+&D(N&+*0%-&?&90()0'#%0&(?*%$( 0'Q$(*9%?)&:(,*'.#/'/&(,*'( +&$( 0%+B/'R$(&0( +&$(.*+Q.<&$:(&++&(&$0(/9&($#'0&("&(?*%+(B#'")&("&(0*?*'%9%&'$D(@&$(?*%$#9$("7%?,#'0E&W,#'0(R($#90(%9$0*++)&$D((@&(.)+QB'&(<U0&+(A#90%9&90*+($7R(

0'#/-&(8/%:(,*'($&$(.#/+#%'$(*/W(*%'$("&(.#/'$%-&$(&0($&$(0&''*$$&$(&9(1#'?&("&(,#90:(,*'($&$(?/+0%,+&$(#/-&'0/'&$($/'(+*('/&(&0($#9(T*'"%9(%90)'%&/':('*,,&++&(+&$(,*8/&B#0$("#90(%+(&$0(+&(,'#+#9C&?&90D(@&(+#9C("&(+*('/&(A*0%9*0($&(0'#/-&90(*/$$%(+&$($&'-%.&$("&(+*(G/'&0)(&0(.&/W("&(+*(1%9*9.&D (

!

!

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;GGHC!

!

!

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;GGIC!

Page 10: L'Indochine, fleuron asiatique de l'empire colonial français

(

(

(

(

(

(

f7&?B+)&:(+*('/&(A*0%9*0(

1/0( +*( -%0'%9&( "&( G*%C#9D(K++&( &$0( +&( '&9"&_E-#/$("/( 4#/0EG*%C#9( 8/%(

.#??&'.&:( 1*%0( "&$(*11*%'&$( &0( B*-*'"&( J(

+7<&/'&("&(+7*,)'%0%1D(

(

(

(

(

(

N/&( @*( 3'*9"%Q'&( $&( 0'#/-&:( J( ,*'0%'("&(X[]d:(+&($%QC&("/(A&'.+&($,#'0%1(8/%("&-%&90( +&( '&9"&_E-#/$( )+)C*90( "/(

4#/0EG*%C#9D( 6( $&$( ")B/0$:( $&$(?&?B'&$( $&( "#99&90( ,#/'( B/0( "7(^(&9.#/'*C&'(&0(")-&+#,,&'(+&(C#n0("&(

+*( ./+0/'&( ,<R$%8/&(c( !CR?9*$0%8/&:(&$.'%?&:( B#W&:( 0%'i5D( j9( R( *T#/0&(&9$/%0&( +&( B'%"C&:( +&( B%++*'":( +*( "*9$&D(

@&$( .#/'$&$( <%,,%8/&$:( +&$( .&'.+&$( &9(0#/0( C&9'&( 8/%( %9$0%0/0%#99*+%$&90( /9($0'%.0&($)C')C*0%#9(&90'&(+&$(?&?B'&$(

"&( +*( $#.%)0)( .#+#9%*+&( !<*/0&(*"?%9%$0'*0%#9:( 9#0*B+&$( "/( ,'%-)i5(.#?,+Q0&90(.&00&($#.%*B%+%0)(.#+#9%*+&D((

@&$( B*+$( $#90( 1')8/&90$:( &0( +&$(C#/-&'9&/'$( $/..&$$%1$( ,'&99&90( 0'Q$(*/( $)'%&/W( +&/'( 'U+&( "7#'"#99*0&/'( "&$(?*9%1&$0*0%#9$( ./+0/'&++&$( &0(?#9"*%9&$( #k( +*(?/$%8/&( &0( +*( "*9$&( 0%&99&90( +*(

,'&?%Q'&(,+*.&D(

@&$(?*%$#9$("&(T&/($#90(#11%.%&++&?&90(.#90'U+)&$(,*'(+7*"?%9%$0'*0%#9(.#+#9%*+&(&0(%90&'"%0$(*/W(K/'#,)&9$(&0(*/W(1&??&$:(8/&++&(8/&($#%0(+&/'(9*0%#9*+%0)D(@*(,#+%.&(1&'?&()-%"&??&90(+&$(R&/W($/'(+&$(0'%,#0$("%$.'&0$(1')8/&90)$(,*'(+&$(9#0*B+&$D(

2*%$(G*%C#9('&$0&(/9&(-%++&(#k(B&*/.#/,($7&99/%&90(&0(#k(+&(?#%9"'&()-)9&?&90($/$.%0&("7%90&'?%9*B+&$('*C#0$D((

(

!

!

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;GH=C!

!

!

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;GIIC!

Page 11: L'Indochine, fleuron asiatique de l'empire colonial français

(

!

!

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;GGOC!

(

(

G%( .&'0*%9&$( .#9$0'/.0%#9$( .#+#9%*+&$( "&(G*%C#9( $#90( $,*.%&/$&$( &0( "#99&90( /9&(

%?,'&$$%#9( "&( $#+%"%0)( &0( "&( 1#'.&( 8/%(1+*00&( +&( ,#/-#%'( .#+#9%*+:( +*( ,+/,*'0( "&$(<*B%0*0%#9$( $#90( $0*9"*'"%$)&$D( G&/+&(

+7&W/B)'*9.&( 0'#,%.*+&( +&( 1*%0( #/B+%&'D( @&($0R+&( .#+#9%*+( 1'*9=*%$( 8/%( $7%?,#$&( &$0(.*'*.0)'%$)( ,*'( "&$(?*%$#9$( B*$$&$( *-&.(

-)'*9"*$( &0( C*+&'%&$( ,#/'( ,')$&'-&'( +&$(,%Q.&$( %90)'%&/'&$( "/( $#+&%+( &0( "&$(

B#/''*$8/&$("&(,+/%&("/'*90(+*($*%$#9("&$(,+/%&$D( j9( R( *T#/0&( $#/-&90( B*+/$0'&$( &0(.#'9%.<&$D( @&( ,'#B+Q?&( "&( +7</?%"%0)(

"&?&/'&( .<'#9%8/&D( A#??&( +7)9#9.&(/9&(")+%B)'*0%#9("/(.#9$&%+(?/9%.%,*+("/(dh( T*9-%&'( XY[]:( ^(+*( -%++&( "&( G*%C#9( -%0(

"*9$( /9&( 1#'F0( 8/%( &90'&0%&90( +7</?%"%0)(8/%( 9&(,&'?&0(,*$( */( $#+&%+( "7*''%-&'( $/'(

+*(-#%&(,/B+%8/&D(j9(,&/0("%'&(8/&:("*9$(.&'0*%9&$('/&$:(,&9"*90(</%0(?#%$("&(+7*99)&:(.&(97&$0(T*?*%$($&.(`(#9(R($&90(/9&(

#"&/'("&(1#'F0(8/%(*99#9.&(.&'0*%9&?&90(8/7%+("#%0(R(*-#%'(/9&(./+0/'&("&(0#/0&$(&$,Q.&$("&(1&'?&90$(%91&.0%&/Wi(c(@&$(?*%$#9$("&?&/'&90($#/-&90(</?%"&$(&0($&(")C'*"&90(-%0&D(

(

(

!

!

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;GIGC!

Page 12: L'Indochine, fleuron asiatique de l'empire colonial français

(

6( G*%C#9:( +&$(<*/0$(,&'$#99*C&$( $&("),+*.&90( &9(.*+Q.<&:( C)9)'*+&?&90( J( "&/W( .<&-*/WD( @&$(1#9.0%#99*%'&$( &0( +&$( #11%.%&'$( .#9"/%$&90( &/WE

?F?&$( +&/'( 0%+B/'RD( @&$( */0'&$( #90( '&.#/'$( */W(-#%0/'&$( "&( ,+*.&:( .*%$$&$( B'%9C/&B*+*90&$( $/'(8/*0'&( '#/&$:( %9.#91#'0*B+&$( &0( .'*$$&/$&$:( "#90(

+&$( .#.<&'$( $#90( C)9)'*+&?&90( #'%C%9*%'&$( "7;9"&("/(G/"D(q/*90(*/(,#/$$&E,#/$$&:(.#9$%")')("*9$(+&$( $#.%)0)$( *$%*0%8/&$( 0'*"%0%#99&++&$( .#??&( /9(

?#R&9( "&( 0'*9$,#'0( ,'*0%8/&( &0( *$$&_( B#9(?*'.<):( %+( 97*-*%0( T*?*%$( )0)( "7/$*C&( *-*90( +*(

.#+#9%$*0%#9( &9( A#.<%9.<%9&( !&9( '*%$#9( "&( $*(1*%B+&(/'B*9%$*0%#9(r("&($&$(.#9"%0%#9$(.+%?*0%8/&$(0'#,( ,)9%B+&$(r5D( G#9( %90'#"/.0%#9( &$0( ?*+*%$)&D(

s9( ?#9#,#+&( &$0( *..#'")( &9( XYYY( ,*'( +*(?/9%.%,*+%0)(J(/9(&90'&,'&9&/'(1'*9=*%$D(K9(X[]]:(

,'Q$("&(h]](,#/$$&E,#/$$&(,*'.#/'&90(+&$('/&$("&(G*%C#9D(@&(C*%9(T#/'9*+%&'("7/9(.##+%&E,#/$$&(.#''&$,#9"(J(.&+/%("7/9(

#/-'%&'($,).%*+%$)D(

(@*( A#.<%9.<%9&( &$0( +&( B&'.&*/( "/( '*%+( %9"#.<%9#%$D( @*( ,&0%0&( +%C9&( "&( G*%C#9( J( A<#+#9:( %9*/C/')&( &9( XYYX:( &$0(<%$0#'%8/&?&90( +*( ,'&?%Q'&( +%C9&("/(>%&09*?(&0( .#99*t0( /9( $/..Q$( %??)"%*0:( $/$.%0*90( +7&9C#/&?&90( "&( +*( ,#,/+*0%#9(

*99*?%0&D(6(+*(1%9("/(P;P&($%Q.+&:(,+/$%&/'$(.#?,*C9%&$($&(,*'0*C&90(+&(0'*1%.((

K9(X[]l:(+*(,'&?%Q'&(*/0#?#B%+&(*''%-&(J(G*%C#9(&0(%?,#$&(/9&(')C+&?&90*0%#9(?#%9$(*9*'.<%8/&("&(+*(.%'./+*0%#9D(

(

(

(

(

(

(

!

!

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;GIOC!

(

(

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;GQOC!

!

!

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;GGGC!

Page 13: L'Indochine, fleuron asiatique de l'empire colonial français

(

!

!

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;GL;C!

(

!

!

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;GLHC!

(

(

Page 14: L'Indochine, fleuron asiatique de l'empire colonial français

(q/&+8/&$(%?,'&$$%#9$("&$(K/'#,)&9$($/'(+&$(^(%9"%CQ9&$(c("&(A#.<%9.<%9&i(

K++&$($#90(,+/0U0(9)C*0%-&$D(@7<#??&(I(^(-%$*C&(.*''):( 0&%90( T*/9&:(m%+( %9T&.0)(&0( .+%C9#0*90( $#/$( "&$( ,*/,%Q'&$( )-%"&??&90( 0'#,( C'*9"&$( ,#/'( +7#'C*9&(8/7&++&$( '&.#/-'&90:( B#/.<&( 0'#,( 1&9"/&:( +Q-'&$( ,&9"*90&$:( "&90$( 9#%'&$( &0(.#''#")&$(,*'( +&(B)0&+:(/9(.#',$(0#/0(J( +*( 1#%$(?*%C'&(&0(0'*,/:(,/%$(&91%9( +&$(?&?B'&$(C'F+&$i(c(`( +*( 1&??&(I(^(K9("),%0("7/9( '&C*'"("#/W(&0(B%&9-&%++*90:("7/9( B/$0&( *$$&_( B%&9( ?#"&+)( "*9$( +*( T&/9&$$&:( "&( ,%&"$( &0( "&( ?*%9$(8/7&9-%&'*%&90(/9&(V*'%$%&99&(&0("&(+#9C$(.<&-&/W(9#%'$(0#/T#/'$(?*+(,&%C9)$(&0('&+&-)$(*-&.(,&/("&($#%9($/'(+&("&''%Q'&("&(+*(0F0&:(+*(1&??&(.#.<%9.<%9#%$&(9&(+*%$$&(,*$("7&++&:(*/(,'&?%&'('&C*'":(/9&(%?,'&$$%#9(,+/$(*C')*B+&(8/&($#9($&%C9&/'(&0(?*t0'&D(c(!!"#$%&'#(&#)%*(":(XY\]5(

A<*'+&$( @&?%'&:( "*9$(+%,-.*,-.*"# /'0*10.2":( &9(XYgg(I( +7699*?%0&( &$0( ^('/$):(&9.+%9( */( -#+( &0( ?&90&/'D( ;+( $&?B+&( 8/&( +*( ,*'#+&( +/%( *%0( )0)( "#99)&( ,#/'(")C/%$&'( $*( ,&9$)&(c:(?*%$( %+( 9&( 1*/0( ,*$( $&(?#8/&'( "7&/W( ^(&9.#'&(?#%9$:("*9$(/9(*..Q$("&(.#+Q'&:( +&$(?*+0'*%0&'(&0( +&$(1'*,,&':($#/$(,')0&W0&(8/7%+$(9&(.#?,'&99&90(,*$(+*(+*9C/&(8/7#9(+&/'(,*'+&(#/(,*'.&(8/7#9(9&(.#?,'&9"(,*$(+*(+&/'D(c(

(@&(f#.0&/'(2#'%.&:("*9$(!"#$%&'#(&#3%*("(&9(XYgZ:(%9$%$0&($/'(^(+&(.*'*.0Q'&("&(+*('*.&(uiv(8/&(+7&$.+*-*C&:(+7%C9#'*9.&(&0(+*(,*'&$$&(#90(1*%0&(,*/-'&:(,&/(./'%&/$&( &0( .'*%90%-&(c:( ?*%$( *-&.( )C*+&?&90( "&$( 8/*+%0)$( ^("&( C*%&0):(,&'$%1+*C&:(*,0%0/"&(J(*,,'&9"'&(&0(J(.#?,'&9"'&D(c(

(

(

@7%9"%CQ9&:( ,#/'( +&$( K/'#,)&9$:( .7&$0("7*B#'"(+&("#?&$0%8/&(!./%$%9%&':(B#R:(T*'"%9%&':(,*+&1'&9%&'i5D(!"#40.5%**0.2('&C#'C&( "&( ,+*%90&$( "&( +&.0&/'$( ( $/'(/9(.#?,#'0&?&90("&$( %9"%CQ9&$( T/C)("&( ,+/$( &9( ,+/$( %?,/"&90(I(^(6/0'&1#%$:(+7699*?%0&('&$,&.0*%0($#9(-*%98/&/':( $&( ")'*9C&*%0( $/'( $#9(,*$$*C&(&0(+&($*+/*%0(`(%+(+&(.'*%C9*%0($7%+(9&( +7*%?*%0( ,*$D( 6/T#/'"7</%:( %+( 9#/$(.#/"#%&( $*9$( .'*%90&(&0( $&(?#8/&("&(9#0'&( 1*%B+&$$&D( @*( '*C&( "&( 9#0'&(%?,/%$$*9.&( 9#/$( ?#90&( */( .m/':(?*%$(9#/$($#??&$(#B+%C)$("&(")-#'&'(9#0'&( <#90&( &9( $%+&9.&:( 0#/0( &$0(.#90'&(9#/$(uivD(M#/$('&9.#90'#9$(/9(699*?%0&( $/'( 9#0'&( .<&?%9:( %+( 9&( $&(")'*9C&'*(,*$:(.#??&($%(.7)0*%0(9#/$(8/%("/$$%#9$(+&(1*%'&(`(9#/$(&?,+#R#9$(/9( .##+%&( &0( +/%( "#99#9$( "&$( #'"'&$(`($%( +&( 0'*-*%+( 9&( +/%( ,+*t0( ,*$( #/( $%( +&( $*+*%'&( +/%( ,*'*t0( %9$/11%$*90:( &0( J( $&$( R&/W:( %+( +7&$0( 0#/T#/'$:( .&( .##+%&( 9#/$( %9$/+0&(C'#$$%Q'&?&90( "*9$( $*( +*9C/&:( ,*'1#%$(?F?&( %+( ,#/$$&( +7*/"*.&( T/$8/7J( +&( 1*%'&( &9( 1'*9=*%$D( b/$0&?&90( %9"%C9)$:( 9#/$( 9#/$(+*%$$#9$(*++&'(J(/9(?#/-&?&90("&(-%-*.%0):(+&(.##+%&(-*($&(,+*%9"'&(&0(+&(0'%B/9*+(9#/$("#99&(0#'0:("*9$($*(,')$#?,0%#9(8/&(.7&$0(0#/T#/'$(+&(1#'0(8/%(*B/$&("/(1*%B+&D(uiv(6(8/#%(*00'%B/&'(.&("),+#'*B+&()0*0("&(.<#$&$(r(K$0E.&(J(9#0'&(+*%$$&'E*++&'(8/%(9#/$(1*%0(,&'"'&("&(9#0'&(,'&$0%C&:(#/(J(9#$(+#%$(1*%0&$(,#/'(/9(0#/0(*/0'&(?%+%&/(#/(B%&9(&$0E.&(/9(?*+(%9<)'&90(J(0#/0&(-%++&(.#$?#,#+%0&(8/&( 1')8/&90&90( "&( 9#?B'&/W( ,*$$*C&'$( %C9#'*90$( "&( +*( +*9C/&( &0( "&$( /$*C&$( "/( ,*R$( &0( +*%$$*90( *-&.( +&/'( *'C&90( /9&('),/0*0%#9(,+/$(#/(?#%9$(1a.<&/$&(r(c(!XYYh5D(

(

(

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;=RIC!

(

(

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;G<=C!

Page 15: L'Indochine, fleuron asiatique de l'empire colonial français

D)S**#,!&%!(#!321$!'&!T1/!

(

K9(XY]d:(3%*(@#9C:(1#9"*0&/'("&(+*("R9*$0%&( MC/R&9:( /9%1%&( +*(

>%&09*?( $#/$( $#9( */0#'%0)D( ;+(%9$0*++&( $*( .*,%0*+&( J( L/):( */(.&90'&( "/( ,*R$D( @*( -%++&( "&-%&90(

*+#'$( 9#9( $&/+&?&90( +&( .m/'(,#+%0%8/&( "/( ,*R$:(?*%$( */$$%( $#9(.&90'&(./+0/'&+(&0('&+%C%&/WD(@*(.%0)(

%?,)'%*+&( $7)"%1%&( 0#/0( */( +#9C("/(P;P&( $%Q.+&:( '&1+&0( "&( .&++&( "&(V)H%9D(

b/$8/7&9( XYgZ:( &9E"&<#'$( "&(

8/&+8/&$( B'Q-&$( -%$%0&$( $#/$()0'#%0&( $/'-&%++*9.&:( */./9('&,')$&90*90( 1'*9=*%$( 97&$0(

*/0#'%$)( J( ')$%"&'( "*9$( +*( -%++&D(G/%0&(*/(0'*%0)("&(XYgh(,')-#R*90(+7%9$0*++*0%#9("7/9&(+)C*0%#9:(/9&(*?B*$$*"&(1'*9=*%$&(&$0(*"?%$&(&9(,')$&9.&("&(+7&?,&'&/'(4/(f/.D(V&9"*90("&$(*99)&$:(

+&$('&,')$&90*90$(1'*9=*%$($&'#90(*+#'$(&9(')$%"&9.&($/'-&%++)&("*9$(+&$(Ba0%?&90$(8/7%+$(#90(1*%0(.#9$0'/%'&(J(,'#W%?%0)("&(+*('%-%Q'&("&$(V*'1/?$D(K9('*%$#9("/(.+%?*0("7<#$0%+%0):(+*(+)C*0%#9(&$0(1&'?)&(&9(XYYlD(@*(?F?&(*99)&:(+*(?#'0("&(4/(f/.(

,+#9C&(+*(.#/'("*9$(/9&(

$)'%&( "&( $#?B'&$("'*?&$( 1*?%+%*/W( "&($/..&$$%#9D(@&$(S'*9=*%$(

.<#%$%$$&90( .&( .#90&W0&(,#/'( %?,#$&'( +&/'( +#%D(@&$( 1#'0$( ")1&9"*90(

+7*..Q$( J( L/)( $#90(B#?B*'")$( &0( #../,)$D(

K9( XYYh:( /9( 0'*%0)($0%,/+&( 8/&( ^(+&$(.%0#R&9$( #/( ,'#0)C)$(

1'*9=*%$( ,#/''#90:( "*9$(0#/0&( +7)0&9"/&( "/(4#9H%9(&0("*9$(+&$(,#'0$(

#/-&'0$( "&( +7699*?:(.%'./+&'( +%B'&?&90:( 1*%'&(+&( .#??&'.&:( *.8/)'%'(

"&$( B%&9$( ?&/B+&$( &0(%??&/B+&$( &0( &9("%$,#$&'D(c( @7*99)&(

$/%-*90&:( /9&( 0'&90*%9&("&(?%++%&'$("7699*?%0&$(*00*8/&90("&(9/%0(+&$(%9$0*++*0%#9$(1'*9=*%$&$:(?*%$(*/(,&0%0(?*0%9:(+&$(0'#/,&$(1'*9=*%$&$(*-*%&90('&,'%$( +&( "&$$/$D( N#%:( ,'%9.&$:( ?%9%$0'&$( ?*9"*'%9$( $7&91/%&90:( &0( L/)( ,*$$&( *+#'$( $#/$( .#90'U+&( 1'*9=*%$D( @&( ,#/-#%'(

.#+#9%*+(R( %9$0*++&(/9&(')$%"&9.&(C)9)'*+&("&(S'*9.&:( +&$($&'-%.&$("/(,'#0&.0#'*0:(/9&(C*'9%$#9(?%+%0*%'&:( +&$(?*%$#9$("&$(1#9.0%#99*%'&$D(2*%$(+&$(.#+#9$(1'*9=*%$(9&($7R(,').%,%0&'#90(T*?*%$:(?F?&(*,'Q$(+7#/-&'0/'&("&(+*(-#%&(1&'')&D(

!

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;=HGC!

!

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;=H;C!

Page 16: L'Indochine, fleuron asiatique de l'empire colonial français

L/)("&-%&90(*+#'$(+*(.*,%0*+&("&(+7699*?:(+7/9&("&$($/B"%-%$%#9$("&(+7;9"#.<%9&(1'*9=*%$&:(0#/0(&9(.#9$&'-*90($#9($0*0/0("&(-%++&(%?,)'%*+&D(@*(?#9*'.<%&(&$0(?*%90&9/&(!T/$8/7&9(X[hZ5(?*%$(,*$$&($#/$(0/0&++&D(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

!

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;=ROC!

!

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;=;HC!

Page 17: L'Indochine, fleuron asiatique de l'empire colonial français

(

@*( .*'0&(,#$0*+&( .%E.#90'&( '&,')$&90&( +&( '#%(4<*<9(4<*%( !9)(&9(XYg[:(?#'0(&9(X[Zh5:(8/%('QC9&("&(XYY[(J(X[]gD(@7/$*C&(?&'.*90%+&( "&( $#9( %?*C&( '#R*+&:( $#/$( 1#'?&( "&( .*'0&(

,#$0*+&:( ,')$&90&( /9( .#90'*$0&( *B$#+/( *-&.( +&( ,'&$0%C&("7#'"'&( "%-%9( 8/%( &90#/'*%0( */0'&1#%$( $&$( *9.F0'&$:( &0( 8/%(-*+*%0(+*(?#'0(J(0#/0&(,&'$#99&(*R*90(+7*/"*.&("&(,#$&'(+&$(

R&/W($/'(+&/'(-%$*C&D(

@&( 'QC9&( "&( 4<*<9( 4<*%( &$0(?*'8/)( ,*'( +*( "%$,*'%0%#9( "&$("&'9%Q'&$( ,*'.&++&$( "/( ,#/-#%'( -%&09*?%&9:( */( ,'#1%0( "/(N)$%"&90( 1'*9=*%$( 8/%( ,')$%"&( ")$#'?*%$( +&( A#9$&%+( "&(

+7K?,%'&D( @&$( 1%9*9.&$( -%&09*?%&99&$( ,*$$&90( */$$%( $#/$(+7*/0#'%0)( .#+#9%*+&D( @7s9%#9( %9"#.<%9#%$&( &$0( .'))&:( *-&.(

V*/+(f#/?&'(.#??&(C#/-&'9&/'(C)9)'*+("&(+7;9"#.<%9&("&(XY[g(J(X[]dD(

V*$$%#99)( "&( $.%&9.&$( &0( "&( 0&.<9%8/&$:( ?*t0'%$*90( +&(1'*9=*%$(.#??&(+&(.<%9#%$:(4<*<9(4<*%(1%9%0(,*'(%98/%)0&'(+&$(

*/0#'%0)$( 1'*9=*%$&$( 8/%( .'*%C9&90( /9( $#/+Q-&?&90( &9( $#9(9#?( &0( $7&W*$,Q'&90( "&( $&$( ,+*%90&$( .#9.&'9*90( +&$(&?,%Q0&?&90$( "&( $#9(,#/-#%'D( G#9( .*'*.0Q'&( 8/&+8/&(,&/(

1*90*$8/&( T/$0%1%&'*( +*( '/?&/'( "&( $*( 1#+%&:( &0( %+( &$0( 1#'.)( J(+7*B"%.*0%#9( ,*'( +&( N)$%"&90( "&( S'*9.&( &9( X[]g( &0( ?%$( &9(')$%"&9.&($/'-&%++)&(J(+*(>%++*(e+*9.<&:(*/(.*,(G*%90Eb*.8/&$D(

G#9(1%+$(f/R(4*9(+/%($/..Q"&:(?*%$(.&+/%E.%(,'&9"(&9(X[X\(+*(

0F0&( "7/9&( ')-#+0&( *90%E1'*9=*%$&( 8/%( +/%( -*/0( J( $#9( 0#/'("7F0'&( "&$0%0/)D( @*( 1*?%++&( &$0( *+#'$( &W%+)&( $/'( +7t+&( "&( +*(N)/9%#9:( #k( &++&( -%0( T/$8/7J( +*( G&.#9"&( 3/&''&( ?#9"%*+&D(

f/R( 4*9( '&T#%90( +*( ')$%$0*9.&( 1'*9=*%$&( &0( ?&/'0( "*9$( /9(*..%"&90("7*-%#9(&9(X[hZD(4<*9(4<*%(&$0(*/0#'%$)(J('&0#/'9&'(*/(>%&09*?(&9(X[hgD(;+(?&/'0($%W($&?*%9&$(*-*90(+*(B*0*%++&("&(f%&9(e%&9(V</(8/%(,'#-#8/&(+*(1%9("&(+*(,')$&9.&(1'*9=*%$&(&9(;9"#.<%9&D(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;GLOC!

!

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;=;;C!

Page 18: L'Indochine, fleuron asiatique de l'empire colonial français

D&!E2*U0*!

(

!

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;=IHC!

(

K9(XYgl:(")$%'&/W("&(,#/'$/%-'&(+&/'(?*%9?%$&($/'(+*(,)9%9$/+&(%9"#.<%9#%$&:(+&$(S'*9=*%$(1#'.&90(+7#/-&'0/'&("/(4#9H%9(J(

+&/'$( 9*-%'&$D( 2*%$( +*( .#98/F0&( $7*-Q'&( "%11%.%+&D( @&( +%&/0&9*90( 3*'9%&'( &$0( 0/)( ,*'( +&$( V*-%++#9$( M#%'$:( $#+"*0$( .<%9#%$('&B&++&$:(/0%+%$)$(,*'(+*(.#/'("&(V)H%9(.#90'&(+&$(S'*9=*%$(,#/'(?*%90&9%'($*(0/0&++&($/'(+&('#R*/?&("7699*?D(@&$(0'#/,&$(1'*9=*%$&$("#%-&90(*/$$%(1*%'&(1*.&(*/W('&"#/0*B+&$(,%'*0&$("&(+*(B*%&("76+#9CD((

K9(XYgh:(0'*%0)($%C9)(&90'&(+*(S'*9.&(&0(+7699*?(.#9.Q"&(*/W(S'*9=*%$("&/W(?%9/$./+&$(&9.+*-&$(J(L*9#%(&0(J(L*%,<#9CD(@*(

-%&(*/(.#/'$("&$(,'&?%Q'&$(*99)&$("&(.&$(.#9.&$$%#9$(&$0(?*'8/)&(,*'(/9()0*0("7%9$)./'%0)(,&'?*9&90D(s9(&?B'R#9("&(-%++&( $/'C%0( .&,&9"*90(,'#C'&$$%-&?&90(J(L*%,<#9C( $/'( +&$( 0&''*%9$(#.0'#R)$D(f&$( +%*%$#9$(?*'%0%?&$( $#90(*$$/')&$(*-&.(G*%C#9( 0#/0&$( +&$( 0'#%$( $&?*%9&$D( s9( 0'*9$%0( -&'$( L*9#%( &$0( *+#'$( &11&.0/)( &9( "&/W( T#/'$( ,*'( /9&( .<*+#/,&( J( -*,&/'( J(

0'*-&'$(+&(+*BR'%90<&("7/9("&+0*(8/%(&$0(/9(")1%(,&'?*9&90(J(+*(9*-%C*0%#9D(6(L*9#%:(+*(.#9.&$$%#9(1'*9=*%$&(&$0(.#9$0%0/)&("7/9&( &9.+*-&( %$#+)&:( <#'$( "&( +7&9.&%90&( "&( +*( -%++&:( &90#/')&( "7/9&( ,*+%$$*"&( "&( ,%&/W( ,#%90/$D( V'#C'&$$%-&?&90:( /9&(.#&W%$0&9.&( ?)1%*90&( ?*%$( ,+/$( ,*.%1%8/&( ,&'?&0( */W( S'*9=*%$( "7#'C*9%$&'( +&/'( -%&( 8/#0%"%&99&D( @*( .#??/9*/0)(

$7*C'*9"%0:("&$(?*%$#9$("&(.#??&'.&($7%9$0*++&90D(

G#/$( ,')0&W0&( "&( +*( ?&9*.&( 8/&( 1#90( ,&$&'( +&$( V*-%++#9$( 9#%'$( $/'( +&$( .#9.&$$%#9$:( +&$( S'*9=*%$( ").%"&90( &9( XYYd( "&($7)0*B+%'(,+/$(1&'?&?&90($/'(+*(')C%#9:(&0("7%9$0*/'&'(/9(,'#0&.0#'*0(&11&.0%1D(2*%$(&9(XYYl(+&(.#??*9"*90(N%-%Q'&(0#?B&(

"*9$(/9(,%QC&(0&9"/(,*'(+&$(V*-%++#9$(9#%'$(&0(&$0(?*$$*.')(*-&.(/9&(0'&90*%9&("&($&$(<#??&$D(@7&9C'&9*C&(.#??&9.&D(S%9(XYYl:(+*(S'*9.&(*(*/(4#9H%9([(]]](<#??&$D(;+$($#90(XZ(]]](*/(,'%90&?,$(XYYh:(h](]]](&9(T/%++&0(XYYZD(K9(?*'$(XYYZ:(.7&$0( +7*11*%'&( "&( @*9CEG#9:( .%0*"&++&( .<%9#%$&( $0'*0)C%8/&( 0#/0&( ,'#.<&( "&( +*( 1'#90%Q'&( "&( +*( A<%9&(8/&( +&$( 0'#/,&$(

1'*9=*%$&$($#90(#B+%C)&$("7)-*./&'("*9$(+*(,').%,%0*0%#9(J(+*($/%0&("7&''&/'$("&(.#??*9"&?&90D(A&00&(,)'%,)0%&(.#9"/%0(&9(S'*9.&(J(+*(.</0&("&(b/+&$(S&''R(+&(^(4#9H%9#%$(cD(A&,&9"*90:("&$(9)C#.%*0%#9$(#/-&'0&$(*-&.(+*(A<%9&(*B#/0%$$&90(&9(T/%9(XYYZ(*/( 0'*%0)("&( 4%&9E4$%9(I( +&$( A<%9#%$( )-*./&90( +&( 4#9H%9( &9(&??&9*90( *-&.( &/W( +&$( '&"#/0*B+&$( V*-%++#9$(M#%'$D( @*(

C/&''&( $&( 0'*9$1#'?&(*+#'$(&9(/9&(#,)'*0%#9("&(^(,*.%1%.*0%#9(c( .#90'&( +&$(^('&B&++&$(c(&0(B'%C*9"$(*99*?%0&$D( ( K9-%'#9(dZ](,#$0&$(?%+%0*%'&$($7)C'Q9&90(*+#'$("*9$(+&$(+%&/W($0'*0)C%8/&$("&(+7699*?(&0("/(4#9H%9D(

(

Page 19: L'Indochine, fleuron asiatique de l'empire colonial français

!

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;=HOC!

@&$( ')C%?&90$( "&( 0%'*%++&/'$( 0#9H%9#%$( $#90( .'))$( &9( XYYh:( *-&.( +&(?F?&( /9%1#'?&( 8/&( .&/W( "&$( 0%'*%++&/'$( *99*?%0&$:(

.'))$:(&/W(&9(XYg[D(A&0(/9%1#'?&(.#?,#'0&(+&($*+*..#(!.<*,&*/(*99*?%0&5:(+&(,*+&0#0:(+&(,*90*+#9(+*'C&(&0(+*(.&%90/'&D(

(

(

!

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;GLIC!

Page 20: L'Indochine, fleuron asiatique de l'empire colonial français

D&!"#,-2'8&!

f*9$( +&$( *99)&$( XY\]:( +*( S'*9.&( %90&'-%&90( */( A*?B#"C&( ,#/'( *$$/'&'( $#9( %9$0*++*0%#9( %9"#.<%9#%$&( &0( .#90'U+&'( +&$(*,,)0%0$(B'%0*99%8/&$(8/%(%91+/&90(+*(,#+%0%8/&("/('#R*/?&("&(G%*?("#90(+&(A*?B#"C&(&$0(0'%B/0*%'&D(2&00'&(+*(?*%9($/'(+&(

A*?B#"C&:( .7&$0( */$$%( ,'#C'&$$&'( -&'$( +&$( $#/'.&$( "/( 2)H#9C( "#90( +&( .#90'U+&( ,&'?&0( "7&9-%$*C&'( "&$( ,&'$,&.0%-&$((*++).<*90&$D( K9( XY\l:( ,'#1%0*90( "7/9&( C/&''&( .%-%+&( #,,#$*90( +&$( 1%+$( "/( '#%( 69C( f/#9C:( ").)")( &9( XY\]:( +*( S'*9.&( 1*%0($%C9&'(*/(9#/-&*/('#%(M#'#"#?(/9(0'*%0)(+/%(*..#'"*90(+*(,'#0&.0%#9("&(+7&?,&'&/'("&$(S'*9=*%$(&9().<*9C&("&(8/&+8/&$(

*-*90*C&$(.#??&'.%*/WD(A7&$0(+&(")B/0("7/9(,'#0&.0#'*0(8/%(.#99*t0("*9$(/9(,'&?%&'(0&?,$(B%&9("&$(*+)*$(&9('*%$#9("/(.#?,#'0&?&90(1*90*$8/&("/('#%D(

6( ,*'0%'( "&$( *99)&$( XYg]:( +&$( B*0&*/W( J( -*,&/'( "&( +*( .#?,*C9%&( 1'*9=*%$&( "&$(2&$$*C&'%&$( J( -*,&/'( "&( A#.<%9.<%9&:('&?#90&90(+&(2)H#9C:(*$$/'*90(/9&(+%*%$#9(')C/+%Q'&(!B%&90U0(0'%E<&B"#?*"*%'&5(G*%C#9EV<9#?(V&9<(&9(lY<D(@&$(S'*9=*%$(

$&($#90(*+#'$(*$$/')$(+*($/,')?*0%&($/'(+&(C'*9"(1+&/-&:()-%9=*90(+&$(A<%9#%$(8/%(,#$$)"*%&90(T/$8/7*+#'$(/9(?#9#,#+&("&(1*%0($/'(+&$(0'*9$,#'0$(1+/-%*/WD(A&$(+%*%$#9$(1#90($#'0%'(+&90&?&90(+&(A*?B#"C&("&($#9(%$#+&?&90:(0*9"%$(8/&($7%9$0*++&90(J(V<9#?(V&9<(/9&(.&90*%9&("&(1#9.0%#99*%'&$:(#11%.%&'$:(?*0&+#0$:(.#??&'=*90$:(*-&90/'%&'$i(1'*9=*%$D(

(

!

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!HOQC!

(

Page 21: L'Indochine, fleuron asiatique de l'empire colonial français

(

K9(XYYh:(/9&(A#9-&90%#9(&$0($%C9)&(,*'(+*8/&++&(+*(S'*9.&($7#.0'#%&(+&$(,+&%9$(,#/-#%'$($/'(+7*"?%9%$0'*0%#9:(+&$(1%9*9.&$:(+7).#9#?%&:( +*( ,#+%.&( &0( +*( T/$0%.&( "/( '#R*/?&D(s9&( %9$/''&.0%#9( ,#,/+*%'&( #B+%C&( +*( S'*9.&( J( *$$#/,+%'( 8/&+8/&(,&/( .&(')C%?&:( .&( 8/%( 97&?,F.<&( ,*$( +&( A*?B#"C&( "&( ,*$$&'( $#/$( /9( ')C%?&( "7*"?%9%$0'*0%#9( .#+#9%*+&( "%'&.0&( 0#/0( &9(

.#9$&'-*90( &9( "'#%0( $#9( $0*0/0( "&( '#R*/?&( ,'#0)C)D(2*%$( +&( .#/'*90( ,*$$&( ,*'1#%$( "%11%.%+&?&90( &90'&( +7*"?%9%$0'*0%#9(

.#+#9%*+&( &0( $&$( ,'#0)C)$( .*?B#"C%&9$:( "7*/0*90( 8/&( +&$( *"?%9%$0'*0&/'$( 1'*9=*%$( $#90( $#/-&90( $&.#9")$( ,*'( "&$(

.#++*B#'*0&/'$(*99*?%0&$:(")0&$0)$(,*'(/9&(,#,/+*0%#9(8/%(*(&/(,*'(+&(,*$$)(J($/B%'(/9&(B'/0*+&(#../,*0%#9("/('#R*/?&(

"7699*?D((

6( ,*'0%'( "&( XY[X:( "&( -*$0&$( 0'*-*/W( "7/'B*9%$?&:( %?,/+$)$( ,*'( +&( C#/-&'9&/'EC)9)'*+( "&( @*9&$$*9:( 0'*9$1#'?&90( +*(^(?%$)'*B+&(*CC+#?)'*0%#9("&(,*%++#00&$(&0("&(0*/"%$(%?,+*90)$(*/(?%+%&/("&(?*'&$(%91&.0&$(c(8/7&$0(V<9#?(V&9<(&9(/9&(-%++&( ,#$$)"*90( $&$( .*$&'9&$:( $#9( 4')$#':( $#9( 0'%B/9*+:( $*( ,'%$#9:( $*( ,#$0&:( $*( ?*%'%&:( $&$( B*98/&$:( $&$( ?*%$#9$(

"7<*B%0*0%#9$(J(+7&/'#,)&99&D(f&(?/+0%,+&$(*''F0)$(?/9%.%,*/W(&0('QC+&?&90$(/'B*%9$(.<&'.<&90(J(.#90'U+&'(+&$(?#"&$("&(-%&( "7/9&( ,#,/+*0%#9( */W( #'%C%9&$( 0'Q$( -*'%)&$:( ?*%$( 8/%( $7R( $#/$0'*%0( $#/-&90:( .&00&( +)C%$+*0%#9( )0*90( 0'Q$( ?#++&?&90(

*,,+%8/)&(,*'(+*(,#+%.&D((

@*(-%&(J(V<9#?(V&9<(&$0(,*%$%B+&D(@*(,&0%0&(.#??/9*/0)(&/'#,)&99&(!&9-%'#9(X]]](,&'$#99&$(*/(")B/0("/(PP&($%Q.+&5(,'&9"(,#/'(?#"Q+&(+&(B#9(0#9(8/%('QC9&(J(G*%C#9:(?*%$( $*9$( +&$( B*+$:( $#%')&$( ?#9"*%9&$( &0( */0'&$(

'&,')$&90*0%#9$( 0<)a0'*+&$D( K9( "&<#'$( "/( ,&0%0(?#9"&( "&$( 1#9.0%#99*%'&$:( +*( B#99&( $#.%)0)( &$0("7*%++&/'$( 0'Q$( ')"/%0&( !8/&+8/&$( *C&90$(

"7*$$/'*9.&$:(B*98/%&'$:(&90'&,'&9&/'$i5D(

(

6( +*( ?#'0( "&( M#'#"#?( &9( X[]h:( +*( $/..&$$%#9('&-%&90(J( $#9( 1'Q'&(G%$#w*0<D(M)(&9(XYh]:( .&+/%E.%(*-*%0( )0)( .#90'*%90:( */( ?#?&90( "&$( .#91+%0$( "&(

$/..&$$%#9( "&$( *99)&$( XY\]:( "&( $&( ')1/C%&'( J(G*%C#9( $#/$( +*( ,'#0&.0%#9( &0( */( $&'-%.&( "&$(S'*9=*%$D( @&( $#/0%&9( "&$( S'*9=*%$( +/%( ,&'?&0(

"7*..)"&'( */( 0'U9&D(6(")1*/0("&(,#/-#%'$( ')&+$:( %+(.#9$&'-&( /9( ,'&$0%C&( %?,#'0*90:( 9#0*??&90('&+%C%&/W:(T/$8/7J($*(?#'0(&9(X[dgD(

!

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;GL=C!

Page 22: L'Indochine, fleuron asiatique de l'empire colonial français

(

(

K9(X[]\:(G%$#w*0<(&90*?&(/9(-#R*C&(&9(S'*9.&D(@7#BT&.0%1(,#/'(+&('#%(&$0("&(,'#/-&'(J($&$($/T&0$(8/&(+*(")+)C*0%#9("7/9&(,*'0%&( "&( $*( $#/-&'*%9&0)( &90'&( +&$( ?*%9$( "7/9&( ,/%$$*9.&( ,'#0&.0'%.&( 97&90*?&( ,*$( $*( ?*T&$0)D( f&( $#9( .U0):( +&(

C#/-&'9&?&90(1'*9=*%$(&90&9"(/0%+%$&'(.&00&(-%$%0&('#R*+&("*9$(+&(")B*0(8/%(*C%0&(*+#'$(+*(S'*9.&(J(,'#,#$("&($*(,#+%0%8/&(.#+#9%*+&D((

V*'0%("&(V<9#?(V&9<(+&(g(?*%(X[]\:(+&('#%(*''%-&(J(2*'$&%++&(+&(X](T/%9:(J(+7#..*$%#9("&(+7KW,#$%0%#9(.#+#9%*+&D(6-&.($*(.#/'(&0( +&$( 0/'B/+&90&$( "*9$&/$&$( "/( e*++&0( '#R*+:( %+( ,#/'$/%0( -&'$( V*'%$:( #k( *+0&'9&90( -%$%0&$( #11%.%&++&$( !'&9.#90'&( *-&.( +&(

,')$%"&90("&(+*(N),/B+%8/&:(6'?*9"(S*++%Q'&$:(&0($&$(?%9%$0'&$5(&0("7*C')?&90(!.#/'$&$("76/0&/%+:(b*'"%9("76..+%?*0*0%#9:(1*O&9.&'%&( "&( GQ-'&$5D( A<*./9&( "&$( *,,*'%0%#9$( ,/B+%8/&$( "/( ?#9*'8/&( ").+&9.<&( +7&90<#/$%*$?&( I( $*( B#9<#?%&( "&(C'*9"E,Q'&(&0($&$(?*9%Q'&$("&("%-%9%0)(.<*'?&90(+&$(1#/+&$D(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

!

>32%&!97E!?!"F!"2((0*!;=IIC!

Page 23: L'Indochine, fleuron asiatique de l'empire colonial français

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(