ling-15 supra segmental phonemes pitch

8/2/2019 LING-15 Supra Segmental Phonemes Pitch

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Pitch Phonemes

We shall now examine the phonemes ofpitch, a third category of supra-

segmental phonemes. Like phonemes of stress, the phonemes

of pitch are relative values.


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Four Contrasting Levels of Pitch

We recognize four contrasting levels ofpitch

low/ 1/

mid/ 2/ represents normal pitch

high /3/

extra high/ 4/ (for special emphasis)


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Placement of Numbers

In any utterance, the pitch phonemesare placed immediately in front of the

syllables which they mark,except in thecase of the last syllable which hasnumbers on both sides.

/2 Qn + wEnt + 3SapIN 1 / Only mark points at which contrast

occurs.


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Intonation Contours

The distribution of the pitch phonemesof an utterance ,plus the terminal

juncture, makes up the IntonationContour

Every intonation contour consists of

pitch phonemes rising to a single peakand falling from that peak to a terminaljuncture


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Intonation Contour

[ay+ wE$nt + QpIN ]

/231 /


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Pitch Phonemes

Every utterance contains a singlepeakof stress, a single peak of pitch and

ends in a terminal juncture The highest pitch phoneme usually falls

on the syllable which has the primary

stress


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Pitch Phonemes

In any utterance , the pitch phonemesare placed immediately in front of the

syllables which they mark except in thecase of the last syllable which thephoneme follows

2 Qn + wE$nt + 3SapIN 1

2 ay + w$Ent + 3 QpIN 1


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Minimal Pair

Which of the following utterancesmeans coffee, not milk ?

/2 ay + w$ant + 3 I 1 /

/2 AY + w$ant + 4 I 1 / The second one because of extra high

pitch


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Minimal Pair

The intonation contour /233 / ischaracteristic of a question.

Do the following utterances differ inmeaning?

/ 2j%

an

+$Qn

+ 3sIN

1

/ /2 j% an + $Qn + 3 sIN 3 /

First statement is a statement and the

second is a question


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Pitch Phonemes

/j%an + $Qn + 3 sIN 3 ---/

( John can sing, but he cant dance)

The terminal juncture begins at pitchlevel /3/ and remains at that level


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Summary

Every utterance has an intonationcontour

Every intonation contour has a singlepitch

Every intonation contour ends in a

terminal juncture


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Minimal Pair

/2 ar + y$u + 3 goIN 3 /

/ 2 ar + y$u + 4 goIN4 /

Which of the utterances indicatesurprise?

The second one -as indicated by thehigher pitch symbols


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Minimal Pairs

Meaning

Is John here?

John is here. John is here- but he

wont stay.

John is here (notthere)

Utterance

/2j%an$Iz +3 hIr3 /

/2j%anI$z + 3 hIr 1 / /2j%anI$z + 3 hIr1 /

/2j%anI$z + 3 hIr 3 -- /

/ 2j%anI$z +3 hIr 1 /


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Summary-stress ,pitch, and

juncture phonemes illustrated / 2pliz 2 -- 2 tEl + iy3stri%1

[polite request]

/2pliz --- 2 tEl + $iy 4 stri 1 /[emphatic request]

/2pliz 4 tEl + $iy3 stri 3 /

[begging]

ling-15 supra segmental phonemes pitch

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