ling 411: fall 2016mjmunro/courses/l411h01.pdf9/13/16 10 acoustic assessment of speech: terms &...
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LING411:Fall2016
TopicsinAppliedPhonetics
www.sfu.ca/~mjmunro/courses/l411.html
ForensicPhonetics
theapplicationofprinciples,techniques,andresearchfindingsfromphoneticstomattersthatconcernthelaw
Oftenacrimeisinvolved,thoughnotnecessarily.
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iafl.org
iafpa.net
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journals.equinoxpub.com/index.php/IJSLL
• Auditoryspeakeridentificationbyvictims/earwitnesses
• (Expert)speakeridentification
• Automaticspeakeridentification
• (Expert)speakerprofiling/speakerclassificationbyexpert
• (Expert)contentdetermination,includingdisputedutteranceanalysis
• Analysesofdeception,inebriation,emotionalstate…
• Trademarkinfringement
ScopeofForensicPhonetics
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Acentralissue:
voice
• Howdowedescribeaparticularvoice?
• Howdowedescribethewaysitdiffersfromor issimilartoanothervoice?
• Howdowemeasureavoicetocapturesuchdifferencesandsimilarities?
• Whatdoesavoicetellusaboutthespeaker?
(physicalcharacteristics,stateofmind,age,health,socialbackground)
descriptors
Namesomecelebrities(entertainment,politics,etc.)whosevoicesseemparticularlydistinctive.Why?
celebrities
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Impressionistic Assessment
Handkins & Cross Voice Profile Checklist (From Yarmey, 1991)
Assessmentofvoicesforforensic(andresearch)purposes
Impressionistic Instrumental
informalwitness description acousticmeasurements
naïvelistenerratings automaticassessment
expertevaluation(AP)
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ReadingAssignmentforSeptember13
Goyetal.2013,UofT:NormativeVoiceDataforYoungerandOlderAdults
We’lllookcloselyatthisstudy,andreplicateit, togetaperspectiveon
1)methods2)outcomes
This will require you to record your voice.
Goy et al. 2013, U of T: Normative Voice Data for Younger and Older Adults
Methods:CollectionofSpeechSamples
Goyetal.
audiometricboothShureBeta54microphone
48kHz/16bits(slightlybetterthanourrecordings)
Phonationtasks
habitualpitchmaximumpitch(/ɑ/for8s,x3)
minimumintensity(/ɑ/for8s,x3)maximumphonationtime(MPT)(/ɑ/x3)
Readingtask
ModifiedRainbowPassage(readsilentlythencomfortablyaloud)
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RecordingforLING411
QuietconditionsinclassroomorlabareaExternal,head-mountedmicAudacitySettings:44.1kHz,16bits,Mono
LevelcheckMonitorforadequatelevelwithminimalclipping
September13
iClicker trialSFUVaultinformationreviewofterminologyandconceptsinstructionsforcleaning/savingyourrecordings
Reminders:
ForThursday,besureyouhavelookedatGoyetal.(I’llaskyouacoupleofnon-creditiClicker questions)
ForThursday,besureyouhavecleanedandsavedyouraudiofilesOnTuesday,wewilluselaptopsinclass.(Thinkaboutotherclassmembersyouwouldliketoworkwith
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iClicker Trial(nocreditassigned)
1. HAVE YOU COMPLETED LING 330?
A) YESB) NO
iClicker Trial(nocreditassigned)
2. HAVE YOU INSTALLED AND TESTED PRAAT?
A) YESB) NO
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iClicker Trial(nocreditassigned)
3. HAVE YOU INSTALLED AND TESTED AUDACITY?
A) YESB) NO
SFU Vault
apps (desktop & mobile)website
https://www.sfu.ca/itservices/collaboration/sfu-vault.html
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AcousticAssessmentofSpeech:Terms&Concepts
Hz aunitofmeasurement;numberofcyclespersecond
waveform arepresentationofsoundshowingtimevsamplitude
period thetimetakenforonecycleofvibrationinasound
frequency thenumberofcyclesofasoundthatoccurinagiventimeperiod
samplingrate thefrequencyatwhichanaudiosignalis“measured”
samplingresolution thenumberofvaluesthatcanbeusedtorepresenttheamplitudeofasignalduringdigitalrecording;typicallyreportedinbits;16bits=216possiblevalues(=65,536)
clipping aflatteningatthetoporbottomofawaveformthatoccurswhenthesignallevelistooloudforproperdigitalrecordingtotakeplace
spectrogram arepresentationofsoundshowingtime,frequencyandintensity
linearpredictivecoding(LPC):
amethodofcomputingtheregionsofresonance(formants)inspeech
pitchtrack: arepresentationofspeechshowingthebasicrateofvibration(F0)ofthevocalfolds
dB: aratiooftheamplitudeofonesoundtothatofanother
SPL: soundpressurelevel;dBSPL indicatestheamplitudeofasoundrelativetothenominalthresholdofhumanhearing
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CleaningandSavingRecordings
Step1:Downloadyouraudiofile&checktomakesureitcontainsyourfullrecordingsession!
Be sure to include a short section of quiet before and after each target item.
Follow the naming conventions on the next slide.
CleaningandSavingRecordings
(USEAUDACITY)
Createandsavethefollowingseparatefiles
SXXHAB1.wavSXXMAXF0.wav(3productions)SXXMININT.wav (3productions)SXXMAXDUR.wavSXXRainbow.wavSXXBoy.wav
Anuales,KjellahMarie(Kjellah) S01Blackmore,Rachel Amy(Rachel) S02Chan,Jenny S03Chiu,Cecilia Yusu (Cecilia) S04Cooper,Elisha EvelynLouise(Elisha) S05Dawkins,Caitlin Claire(Caitlin) S06Gao,Weijia S07He,Qiqi S08Hernandez,Abner S09Jastrzebski,Erin ElizabethTaylor(Erin) S10Kaneki,Yuki S11Li,Junhao(Jun) S12Marwood,Joanne Lee(Joanne) S13Mazhari,SorayaGrace(Soraya) S14McAleese,Carlene Dianne(Carlene) S15Nickel,OliviaGrace(Olivia) S16Steinson,HollyJune(Holly) S17Tan,Yongheng (Marina) S18Wilson,Trevor Charles(Trevor) S19Wyant,Mallory JaneBillinton (Mallory) S20Yusi,Rona Sherry(Rona) S21Zhang,XueWeiSophia(Sophia) S22
Danica S23
Sylvia S24
Dasha S25
Emmy S27