I; I Where on Earth?

Learning LinkIn this unit you will learn. words and phrases to help you talk about places and different kinds of holidays.. to ask and answer questions about places you have special memories of and places

you would like to visit.. to write an essay describing a place.. to talk about ability lusing can, could, and be able to; to talk about obligation and

necessity tsingmust andhave to andto talk about necessity usingneed.all on

[| Work with a partner. Decide which of the items below you might need to take with you on the followingtypes of holiday. Give reasons for your answers.

. a beach holiday. sightseeing in Europe

. a safari. mountaineering

oUNIT 5 Where on Earth? Qf

F-e*e$l*s_HnK GGI Read this chapter from The Survival Guide for Adventure Seekers to find out what dangers are linked tothe temperature.

Adventuretravelisnowbecomingpoputarwithmany teenagers. Goru arethe dayswhenyou could only go on holiday with aduhs. From heli-hiking QulicopterJlishrs and langdistance walks) snd mountaineering to white-water rajting or whale-watching,advenfite holidays can now give you more varicty and excilement than ever. you don,thnve to be a top athlete to go on a walking, sailing, or sports holiday, but you ilt need tobe well prepared in lots of ways. If you and yourfiends are phnning an exciting tripsomewhere this year, there are afew things you ought to lotow before you set off,

First of all, wherever there is adventure, there is also.danger. The most important item that you must take withyou is a first aid kit. You don't need to buy a special kit; ;ou could easily make your own. you need to includesome painkillers, some cream for insect bites and .s!ingi, and plasters and bandages for any injuries. If youdon't think vou'll be ableto buy them on holiday, it's itso t;Joa idea ro t"k; tffi;iiastittes and tablets foran upset stomach. Don't forget to pack the sunscreen, eitherlrhe sun doesn't onlyLlin you on lazy beachholidays. You can get sunburnt when you're sailing, triting, or .iour-cornt.), skiing, too.

I:::.,Tr:11,_r:: :::-*:",.*l::ll rn hot ptaces, it.isn,r onty sunburn you have to worry about. rf you,re atsousi,g up a lot of energy during the day, yo, .un suffer from t.ut .rrrlriJiuorr16 uP cr rut ur trrrelBy uurlilt me oay, you can sulter trom heat exhaustion because your body runs short ofwater or salt' You have.to drink plenty of water in hot places, especially after exercise, and you must take inafter exercise, and you must take in::tii,:*t*l'"*:l,il r::g:_1,119q1.t rorm) Irvou u.. ir'u..y't;ii;;;i"i;;;;;;;';il;ilffi,ilH.i,1"il;up with heatstroke. This will make you feel very unwell, wiith a high temperature and a headache. Anybodywith heatstroke must get medical help immediaiely.Low temperatures can also be a probiem. If your idea of adventure is sailing,rafting_, or climbing mountains, you might find yourself in coid conditions. Themain danger is hypothermia, which occurs when your body ioses heat faster thanit produces it.

-A long mountain walk on a cold, windy day, plus wet clothing,tiredness, and hunger could also give you hypothermia. you need to be prepare"dby wearing several iayers of-clothing-(not just one big, thick sweatshirt). youmust wear a hat, as a rot of body heat is rost througl the head, and a goodwaterproof jacket. you don't need to have huge amounts of food with you]butsome sugary foods (like chocolatel) for quic[ energy and plenty of f]uids areimportant if you want to stay safe in the cold. Adultsllway,'t uu"io look out forsig,s of cold in childre., as they can die of hypothermia very quickly.wherever your travels take you, you'll have to drink water. The main thing toremember is_that you mustn't drink the local water if you aren-,f sure that it,ssafe. You will usually be able to buy bottled water where"; y;; are. If not,you_can take special water purification tablets with you thaiwill make thelocal tap water safe to drink. Finally, if you ever have to drink water and youare worried that it isn't pure, you must boil it for ten minutes before drinkingit. Otherwise, you could get very ill.so, with careful planning and preparation, you can have a great time onadventure holidays. Just make iure you follow this advice ant then you,llbe able to come home safe and sound and tell your mum a.rJ Jaa thai theyneedn't have worried about you.

4.YF

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Go] ulrrswhere on Earth?

linked to

Gl Read the chapter again and answer the questions.What can adventure holidays offer a young person?

What is the most important thing to take with you on an adventure holiday?

3 What are the two things you must do if you're exercising in a hot climate?

.l Which part of your body does a lot of your body heat get lost through?

5 What kinds of foods can help you if you've got hypothermia?

6 What can you do if you're not sure that local water is safe to drink?

with^lude

)'ou-

J^-5 lt,leach

alsort ofie inend

rody

*" a!en:-id: .>l '

'4. :i::il '::rqh

EI Find words or phrases in the chapter from the survival guide which have the following meanings.1 choice (part 1)2 should (part 1)3 difficult, problematic (part 3)4 extreme tiredness (part 3)5 surroundings (part 4)6 creates, makes (part 4)7 more than two (part 4)8 a piece of clothing that keeps you dry (part 4)9 liquids (part 4)

10 clean (part 5)11 heat a liquid until it starts to bubble (part 5)12 organisation (part 6)

f| Match the phrasal verbs to their meanings.

1 end up with2 get in3 let down4 point out5 call back6 run short of7 see off8 set off9 take in

10 use up

a begin ajourneyb finishc not have much leftd eat or drinke enter acar,taxi,etc.f disappointg make somebody realise or notice somethingh find yourself in an unexpected situationi return somebody's phone callj go to an airport, station, etc with somebody to say goodbye-. |:; ..-';.-

UNIT 5 Where on Earth? @

Gl comprete the sentences with the phrasarverbs from Task E.I2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Could you

Did she

We_

early so that we would arrive at lunchtime.When the weather gets hotter, you should more water to stay healthy.We've never camping supplies;we've ahvar,s got enough.We looked everywhere for the perfect hotel because we didn't want toa horrible room.

Did you all your air miles when you flew to paris last month?the car so we can leave? We,re late!Will you

Claire was by David when he cancelled their sightseeing trip and went to thebeach instead.

It's often better to go on a guided tour becausesights along the way.

the tour guide can interesting

with

9

10

the travel agent? He rang when you were out.her parents at the airport when they left yesterday?

the

if you want to cover long distances by car quickly.

Gf Complete the sentences with these words.capital coast country crossroads destination east motorway valleys

Sylvia used to live in the west of Scotland, but now she,s moved to theJane's family spend their holidays walking up mountains and throughI'm so used to living in a big city that I courd never move to theOne of the main reasons I enjoy living on the is the fresh sea breeze.Take the second turn on the left, then go right atIt's a good idea to drive on theWe'll spend two nights in Bangkok, but our finalDid you know Canberra is the

I2

3

4

5

6

7

I is New Zealand.of Australia?

@ UNIT 5 Where on Earth?

]_$gammSr uin,.b

rvith

to the

eresting

3VS

quickly.

Look at these examples from the chapter.Gone are the days when you could only go on holiday with adults.... adventure holidays can now give you more vaiety ...Both examples talk about ability.What word talks about the present?What word talks about the past?Look at this example from the chapter.If you don't thinkyou'll be able to buy them on holiday ...Which words talk about ability in the future?Can we replace can and could in the first two examples above with the corect form of be able to?

Look at these examples from the chapter.,4dttlts always have to look out for signs of cold in children, ...,4nybody with heatstroke must get medical help immediately.

\\'hich verbs talk about obligation? andDo these verbs mean the same?Look at these examples of the negative forms from the chapter.|'ou don't have to be a top athlete to ......

-t-oLt mustn't dink the local water ...Do these verbs mean the same?\\ hich verb talks about something we are not allowed to do?Look at this example from the chapter.I otr need to be prepared by wearing several layers of clothing ...Does this example talk about the present/future or past?Find an example of the negative form of need to in the text.\\-hat are the past forms of need to and don't need to? andLook at this example from the chapter... . tell your mum and dad that they needn't have worried about you.

Does this example talk about the past, present or future?\\ as it necessary for the parents to worry?Did the parents know this?

iieed to talks about necessity inThe past form of need to is

. The negative form is. The past form of don't need to is

means that we did something in the past which we now know was unnecessary.

S:rdr the Grammar Reference for Unit 5 on pages 178-179 before you do the tasks.

the

UNIT 5 Where on Earth? G3)

tt Match the sentences.1 Martin won't be going away with his parents.2 The hotel is not very busy.3 He'd already spent a lot redecorating his

house.

4 I have already bought some souvenirs.5 The restaurant manager agreed that the

service was bad.

6 Every summer, the hotel is very busy.7 Here is the porter.8 The plane has been delayed.9 We've booked a holiday in Brazil.

10 She'll show you her holiday photos.

IlEIIa You needn't have got more.

b He'll be able to come on holiday with us.c You'Il be able to see how beautiful the

countryside was.

d He can help us with our luggage.e We must get visas before we g0.f We don't need to hurry.g The manager needs to hire more staff.h He couldn't afford to have a holidav

as well.

i You don't have to book a room.j We didn't need to pay all of our bill.

!! Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Use the given wordand write between two and five words.

1 Anna is free tomorrow evening so she can take you sightseeing. ableAnna you sightseeing tomorrow evening because she is free.

2 Thank you for the souvenir from Berlin, but you shouldn't have bought it. needn'tYou me a souvenir from Berlin, but thank you anyway.

3 My father has insisted that I take photographs of all the historical sights. toMy father says I

4 Only come to the beach if you want to.You

photographs of all the historical sights.

5 Guests are not allowed to use this lift. mustGuests this lift.

6 Is it necessary to meet your auntDo we your aunt outside the station?

7 Winning the lottery has given James the ability to travel to lots of exotic places. beenSince he won the lottery, James travel to lots of exotic places.

8 Years ago, most people weren't able to afford holidays abroad. couldholidays abroad.Years ago, most people

9 He drove me home in his car, so it wasn't necessary for me to catch the bus. didthe bus because he drove me home in his car.

10 The restaurant is big enough for us to have our party there. canWe at the restaurant because

tt

-!

itt

lIt

l

I,

havecome to the beach.

outside the station? need

I

!+ .--r urrrrr 5 where on Earth?

it's big enough.

laywith us.

rtitul the

rre staff.

oliday

D.

r bill.

given word

: is free.

/.

rts.

c places.

You will hear people talking in eight different situations. For questions 1-g, choose the correct answera, b, or c.

HTIT"S8e coreful. Just becouse q word or phrose is in the texr ond in oneof the onswel choices, il doesn'f meqn ir is the conect onswer.ge.

o.Listen to this'ski instructor speaking. Which partof the mountain does he think is most dangerous?a the northern slopesb the western slopesc the southern slopesAwoman is interviewing a man about localtourism. He is. a local resident.b a tour guide.c a toudst.Awoman is giving a man directions. Whatdoes he do?I He decides to go shopping instead.b He goes the wrong way.c He reaches his destination quite easily.A father and daughter are in an art gallerylookirg at a painting. Where in the paintingfo the village situated?I between a mountain and a lakeb next to a field of farm animalsc in the foreground of the painting

Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questions.

Two people are discussing the route a parade willtake. Where will it end up?a in front of the monument in the town squareb behind the fountain in the National Gardensc in front of the statue in the parkTwo friends are talking about advertisementson television. Where is the mobile phoneadvertisement set?a on a mountainb in the middle of a desertc next to a swimming poolYou will hear a conversation between two peoplein a car. Where are they?a in a country laneb at a service stationc on a motorwayA couple has just reached their destination. Whyis the woman making fun of the man?a He expected the area to be isolated with

few facilities.b He thought the restaurants would be expensive.c He didn't expect the local inhabitants to be wild.

Student B

UNIT s Where on earth? G5l

Writing Linkln this unit, you are going to learn to write an essay describing a place.

t! Read the question. Then read the essay.

a

b

c

d

e

f

Your teacher has asked your class to write an essay on the following subiect:My favourit* place.

My Favourite PlaceThe place I like best is a tiny sweet shop I used to go to when I was young. I remember it so clearly.

From outside, the shop looked like a wooden house. It was painted black and white and you had to godown some steps to get inside. The owner of the shop was a small lady with black hair. I can rememberher smiling at me from behind the counter.

Inside, the sweet shop was like a cave full of hidden treasure. There were hundreds of big glass jars, allfull of colourful sweets. All the jars had lids, and I can still hear the sound of the shop owner unscrewingthe lids to open the jars.

When I'd chosen my sweets, the owner took the jar off the shelf, unscrewed the top, and poured themout. They made a funny rattling sound. When she gave me my sweets in a little bag, I always felt excited.

I don't know if the sweet shop is still there now, but if it is, I hope other children like it as much as I did.

El Read the essay again and answer the questions.

Which paragraph(s)

a

I:

II

Paragraph 1Paragraphs 2-4

Paragraph 5

Say whatlwhere the place is.

Describe the place giving detailsof sights, sounds, feelings, etc.Give your final comments aboutthe place.

contain information about sounds? [--l urO [-ltells us how the writer felt? [--]mentions the place and gives a general comment about it? f--lcontains information about people in the place? f-_lgives final thoughts about the place? [__lcontain a description of the place? [-_l urO [-l

trl Now write your description of a place. Use the hints and the outline to help you. (160-180 words)

H{NTSWhen you ore describing ploces, don'l forgelthings you con heor ond smell, os well os wholyou con see.When you ore plonning your descriplion, youshould olso think oboul:.lhe people lhere.lhe olmosphere. how the ploce mokes you feel

Gs ) u*'t s where on Earth?

On Your Marks

1t,.

qorber

Learning LinkIn this unit you will learn. words and phrases to help you talk about sports and hobbies.o to compare and contrast photographs showing different activities, to talk

about which one is the most exciting, and to give personal information.r to write a transactional letter asking for information.r to use the passive.

. a1l

:rving

rem

cited.

I did.

letailsetc.

about

EgyptGreeceCanadaChinaIndiaNew ZealandUSAScotland

EI What do you know about the history of these sports and hobbies? Match them to the countries wherethey first appeared.

1,,

3

4

5

6

7

8

C]OOOC]C]OC]

s)

UNlr 6 on Your ruarxs G7l

Reading Link

In one of Jonathan's kite-making lessons, studentscan make kites in as little as 20 minutes! Providedthere is enough wind to fly a kite, they are taken outto the so-called Aeronautical Testing Facility - thatmeans the park next door to the factory! Children asyoung as four years old can learn how to fly a kite, andthe Big Wind Kite Foctory once trained a 92-ycar-oldgrandmother who had always wanted to fly a kite!

The kite that is used to give lessons is a regular diamondkite with a rainbow pattern. The difference between thiskite and the ones they make during the lessons is that it isa two-string controllable acrobatic kite. First, both linesare stretched out approximatelyZ}metres. This is the set f!p1distance the kite will fly from the flyer.Big Wind employees launch the kite and for a fewminutes demonstrate how pulling on one line andthen on the other controls the direction the kitegoes in. Then the controls are given to the student.Sometimes an employee holds onto their hands forinitial guidance. After about ten or fifteen minutes,several of the students have taken turns and most aregetting used to the idea of it. If they really know whatthey are doing, they can be left alone in the park foras long as they wish.

Jonathan insists that it is not necessary to make a hugeimpressive kite to have fun making and flying kites.Even the simplest structure can work, and can givehours of fun. Go on, give it a tryl

GI Read the article quickly and find out how long it takes students to make a kite.

Corvw tr-& With fuffe!

,.1 Kites were invented over 2,500 years ago by the Chinese. From China, kitesspread to other parts of the Asian continent and they were made by peoplein many different countries before they eventually arrived in North Africa

and Europe. Today kite flying is a popular pastime all over the world.In Asia, there are special competitionswhere kites havecomplex designs and are equipped with instrumentssuch as whistles that make musical sounds as the windblows through them. Although all kites have a similarstructure, the variety of shapes is almost endless.The size of the kites also varies greatly

- some are

so large that several people are needed to controlthcm. Kite-fighting contests are also held, in whichcompetitors use their kites to attack and bring downtheir opponents'kites or cut their strings.

For over 25 years, lhe Big Wind Kite Factory has beengiving kite-making and kite flying classes for thechildren on the island of Molokai in Hawaii. JonathanSocher started the Big Wind Kite Factory in 1980. 'Wewere down to our last $300 when someone suggestedwe go fly a kite at the hotel,' he explains.

Their kites are made of nylon, and fibreglass is used forthe sticks. Their designs are mostly Hawaiian themes

created by Jonathan's wife, Daphne.These include hula dancers, palmtrees, dolphins, whales, and Hawaiianboats, to mention iust a few of thedozens available. The designs are cutout of the nylon with a hot knife thatseals the edges to prevent fraying. Thedesigns are then appliqu6d directlyonto the kite. On a tour of the BigWndKite Factory, visitors can see the wholekite-making process, from the cuttingand'hot-stitching'of the designs to thefinal sticking and fitting of the systemthat joins the kite to the string.

cBig Wiyd

Gal uN'r 6 on Your Marks

Gt Read the article again and choose the best answer a, b, c, or d for each question.How can kites make music?a They are designed in a complicated way.b They are equipped with musical sounds.c The wind blows through them.d The wind blows through instruments

on them.

In kite-fighting contests,a kite strings are sometimes cut.b kite strings must not be cut.c kites are held to the ground.d kites are neverbrought to the ground.Who designs kites for the Big WindKite Factory?a Jonathan Socherb a Hawaiian designerc Daphne Socherd Daphne's husbandWhy is a hot knife used?a to iron the nylonb to stop the edges from comingapafic to fray the edgesd to prevent sealing

bula Link

Where are the kites tested?a in a scientific facilityb in the next-door factoryc in a parkd at the aeronautical centreWhat is different about the kite that is used forflying lessons?a It has a rainbow pattern.b It is a normal kite.c It is diamond shaped.d It has two strings.Employees show studentsa how to control the direction the kite goes in.b how to pull the strings of the line.c how to make the kite fly in the air.d how to guide their hands.According to Jonathan, to have fun with kites,you just needa an enormous kite.b a simple kite.c a complicated structure.d a kite that impresses others.

formmade or thought of for the first timecompetitionsmany

straighthobby; free-time activityspread straight over a distance on the groundthe stages something must go through to be madedifficult; not simpleshow somebody how to do somethinglong thin pieces of hard material, used for supporting somethinghappening at the beginning; first

;tudents'rovidedken outr' - thatldren as:ite, and,'ear-oldiite!

liamondeen thisthat it isrth liness the set

rafewine andhe kitestudent.rnds forninutes,nost arerw whatrark fd

: a hugerg kites.:an gwe

a

b

c

d

e

fob

h

ijkI

EI Match the words from the article to their meanings.

I)3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

t2

invented (para 1)pastime (para 1)complex (para2)structure (para2)contests (paru2)sticks (para 4)dozens (para 4)directly (para 4)process (para 4)stretched (para 6)demonstrate (para7)initial (para 7)

UNIT 6 On Your tvtarks G9)

f| Use the words in capitals at the end of each sentence to make words which fit in the spaces.She was always very as a child and now she writes songs in her free time. MUSIC

Skiing is an expensive sport because of all the you need. EQUIP

What's the between rollerblading and roller-skating? DIFFER

It was so windy on the hill that the kite was completely . CONTROLHow many took part in this year's kite contest? COMPETEMy swimming is an Olympic gold medal winner. INSTRUCT

There was great when Manchester United scored another goal. EXCITE

He's only been playing tennis for a year, but he's a very player. IMPRESS

I)3

4

5

6

7

I

f,| Look at these examples from the article.

2 This tennis racket was made3 David's toy garage was made4 This sports bag is made

_

5 The athlete only eats bread made

... kites ... were rnade by people in many dffirent countries ...Their kites are made of nylon ...

Now look at this example.This cheese is madefrom goat's milk.

Which preposition shows us that something has been completely changed to makea different thing?Which preposition shows us what material has been used and can still be recognised?

Which preposition shows us who or what made something?

Complete the sentences with by, of, or from.

1 This bike is made lightweight metal.a company that has closed down now.his grandfather.

sl Complete the sentences with these words.course court field

Graham goes to the swimmingDid you have a good view of the footballIt's a really big house; it's even got a tennisThe crowd cheered as the teams came out onto the sports

When I was young, I used to spend hours at the skatingJames will meet you at the golf at ten o'clock.Our classmates stood along the side of the runningThe trainer shouted instructions from the edge of the boxing

leather.

whole wheat flour.

pitch pool ringbefore school to train.I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

rink track

from where you were sitting?

watching the ice skaters.

and clapped as we ran past.

Gol ur,rm 6 on Your Marks

Jgrammar LinkMUSIC

E

t.l

The passive is formed with the verbLook at this example from the article.

Look at these examples from the article.Ktes were invented over 2,500 years ago ...

Then the controls are given to the student.

the correct form and a participle.

Do we know the agent, who made the kites?

What word comes before this information?Look at this example from the article.... there are special competitions where kites ... are equipped withDo we know the agent in this example?

Do we know what the agent used to equip the kites?What word is used to show this?

to introduce the agent. We use the word when we want to saywhat the agent used to do something.

Study the Grammar Reference for Unit 6 on page 179 before you do the tasks.

:k

tt Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the passive.1 Spectators (not allow) onto the running track.2 Our team is so bad that something must (do) soon.3 The tennis champion4 Most sports stars enjoy

(give) the prize when the fan shouted at her.

5 I hope the team coach6 His motorbike

(ask) for their autographs.(make) full-time manager soon.

(damage) in yesterday's race.

aters.

)ast.

We use the word

UNIT 6 On Your ruarks Gl

The 2004 Olympic Games

You can buy sportswear at

in Athens.

1.,

3

4

5

6

many

a special kind of glass.

millions of people around the world.

people as a hobby.posters of her favourite team.

thousands of spectators.

[| you will hear a sports report on the radio. For questions 1-10, complete the sentences.

This basketball championship has been going for

The number of teams who took part in the event

The final playoffwas between teams from and Spain.

The team won the championshiP.

The final score wasThe team that won the football final was from

The half-time score was

During the second half goals were scored.

The name of the retiring plaYer is

He has been playing professional football for

i$}iviL

a

B,).

Ttit1,

i;*iJ*

?it?,

?,

years.

l,

J; Complete the second sentence using the passive so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence.Use the given word. Use between two and five words.

It was the ancient Greeks who started the Olympic Games. byThe Olympic Games the ancient Greeks'They held the2004 Olympic Games in Athens. were

that new sports centre. be

Sportswear that new sports centre.

4 Many sports equipment companies use athletes to advertise their products. usedAthletes many sports equipment companies to advertise their products

5 This athlete hates people photographing him while he's training. beingThis athlete hates while he's training.

!| Use by or with to complete the following sentences'The pool was damaged the earthquake.

The windows in the gymnasium were fitted

The race is being watched

Stamps are cotrlected

The walls of her room were covered

The stadium was filled

Ustenlng,,,3d!131

Gil uur 6 on Your Marks

'oducts.

Work with a partner. One of you should look at photographs A and B and the other at C and D. Compareand contrast them and say which activity is more exciting to you and why.

Would you like to do any of these activities?Why / Why not?

What kind of things do you do in your spare time?Do you have a special hobby?

What kind of free-time activities are you not interestedWhy do you think some people like doing

dangerous activities?

in?

UNIT 6 On Your tvtarrs G3)

Writing Linkln this unit, you are going to learn to write a letter asking for information.

trl Read the question. Then read the advertisement and the notes you have made.You have seen the following advertisement and you are interested in finding out morebecause you love cyclingChoose which course you would like to go on. Then, using your notes, write a letter asking for more intormatiol

for free.

GIT

Dear (Mr Barker),Say where and when you saw the advertisement and whyyou are writing.Say which class you are interested in and why.Ask about the lessons/equipment/instructors.Sayyou would be grateful if they gave you theinformation. Say you are looking forward to their reply.Yours sincerely,(your name)

Who toacheQacF.Whorot'Ml bire)

trt Wh.".n you write a letter asking for information, you need to make your letter formal and polite. One way ofmaking your writing more formal is to use passive verb forms. Complete the sentences using the passive.

Could you send me some more information?Could I

__ some more information?Will a qualified instructor teach the lessons?Could you tell me if the lessons a qualified instructor?Where are you going to hold the lessons?I would like to know where the lessonsWill you give students a certificate at the end of the course?Could you let me know if students a certificateDo you provide bikes?I would like to ask if bikes

at the end of the coursell

Do you run the lessons for free?I would like to know if the lessonsDo you give advice on bike maintenance and repair?I was wondering if advice on bike maintenance and repair

I Do students wear helmets and knee pads?could you tell me if helmets and knee pads by students?

Gl Now write your letter asking for information. Use some of the sentences from task N, the hints and theoutline below to help you. (1G0-190 words)

H I rdYSWhen you ore wriling olronsoclionol lelter, olwoysbe cleor obout exocllywhy you ore wriling.

GreetingParagraph 1

Paragraph 2Paragraph 3Closing paragraph

Signing off

G+l urvr 6 on your Marks

i

rk

I

W|r, tearhe,

ffi Read the report written by a student for the What to do in the Hotidays section of a school magazinequickly. Where would you go to watch go-karting while enjoying a meal?:-t

ti I.

@-KA'RTI'ING -q!!

f| Find these words and phrases in the report and circle the correct meanings.1

2

3

4

7

8

9

10

11

t2

track (Introduction)

annually (Buckmore Park)

fairly (Buckmore Park)

in addition to (Buckmore Park)

rear (Deavinsons Kart Centre)

overlooks (Deavinsons Kart Centre)

spoilt (Deavinsons Kart Centre)

at the mercy of (IndiKart)

heats (IndiKart)

trophy (IndiKart)

celebrity (extract F)features (extract F)

a specially built place for racingb mark left by a vehiclea everyyearb every daya quiteb verya as well asb more thana topb backa has a view ofb is behinda better than it could have beenb not as good as it could have beena under the control ofb pleased bya first races in a competitionb Iast races in a competitiona certificateb prizea driverb famous persona important partsb important programmes

B

C

D

E

There are six sentences missing from the report. Read through it again and choose from sentences A-Gthe one which fits each gap. There is one extra sentence that you do not need to use.A So even if there is a long line for the karts, you will never be disappointed provided that you are

prepared to race at night.

And apart from a choice of tracks, you can also choose faster or slower karts.

There are fulI catering facilities and if you want to take a younger brother or sister along, there are kids'karts available, too.

When a driver loses control of the kart, there are two possible reasons why it happens.

This first track may not be quite as good as the others I am going to describe, but at least it is a lot closersince it takes just under half an hour to get there by car and slightly longer by bus.

F It may not come with a recommendation from a celebrity, but it gets my vote even though it takesa lot longer to get there - because it has two features I particularly liked.

G Finally, this is a track where you will always have fun come rain or shine because it's an indoorkarting center.

that itghts.

mt

loserck:y offieps.rder

grs

5

6

UNIT 7 Wheels, Wings and Other Things Gil

7I

.l

f| Look at these examples from the report.... it rainedso hqauily that wQ:couldharQly,see the lrack.... you won'l have ta press down haril on'the accelerator pedal ...Do the words in bold give more information about flouns or verbs?Are they adjectives or adverbs?Which word means with force, using strength?Which word means only just?

There are other adverbs like these which have two forms and different meanings. Look i;.t the pairs ofsentences below and decide which meaning is correct for each word in bold.1 James arrived at the station late and missed his train.

I haven't used the bus lately so I don't know if the fares have gone up.a not early or on timeb recently

2 Although he ran fast, Kevin finished last in the race.Lastly, I would like to congratulate all the people who took part in today's contest.a after all the othersb finally

3 Don't go near the edge of the platformWe nearly boarded the wrong ship, buta almost

_

b close to, not far lromI looked up at the hot-air balloons floating high in the sky.This driving school is highly recommended as most of the students pass their test first time.a at a high levelb very much

f Look at these examples from the report.... it rained so heavily that we could'hardly see thb track.... it's sueh great fun that you wodt regret spendtng a linle bit more.

The first example could also be written as follows:... the rain was so hcavy that we could hardly see the track.

What kind of words can follow so? orWhat kind of word follows such? (adjective +)

Complete the sentences with so or such.

The bus is crowded in the morning that I prefer to drive to work.

The bus takes a long time in the morning that I prefer to take the underground.The high-speed ferries are fast that it is worth spending the money on the tickets.

Air travel isa plane.

There were

common nowadays that you don't often meet someone who hasn't been on

a lot of people on the train that I had to wait for the next one.

The airlines are _busy in the summer that you have to book vour tickets very early.

in case a train is coming!my father realised just in time.

I2

3

4

5

6

GO ur.rr 7 Wheels, wings and other Things

Eetnn*e.r-,!-Jnh

rairs of

Look at these examples from the report.1 ... the fastest-growing fonns ...2 ... the most enjoyable ...3 ... more expensive than ...4 ... a younger brother or sister ...Which two are examples of the comparative form? andWhich two are examples of the superlative form? andHow do we form the comparative and superlative in examples 1 and 4?

How do we form them in examples 2 and3?

Look at these examples from the report.... a much smoother ide...... a bit more expensive than ...... a lot closer ...... slishtly longer by bus.

Which words are used to give more information about the adjective in each example?,)and

I-ook at this example from the report....may not be quite as good as the others ...What kind of word is used in the structure (not) as ... as?Look at this example from the report.... the harder you tr!, the better you'll become ...... getting better and better ...

The structures used here are:the *

_, the * and comparative adverb + * comparative adverb.

Study 7.1 and 7.2 of the Grammar Reference on page 180 before you do the tasks.

GI ln each line of this paragraph there is a word that is not needed. Circle the extra word.

At the beginning of the last century, the most fastest car on the road travelled18 km per hour. At the time, this was not much more faster than the horse ,,*and carriage, which the car replaced. Of course, it was a bit much morecomfortable, but there was not a bit lot of difference in speed. Today,however, there are some cars that travel as more fast as 350 km per hour.Ironically, however, these cars may be the better than cars from the past,but traffic in cities makes them go slightly as slowly as the first cars nearlya hundred years ago. They are much most more exciting to look at but theyare not always the fastest than means of transport in cities today.

1)3

UNIT 7 Wheels, Wings and Other Things Gil

GI Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence.Use the given word and write between two and five words.1 A sports car is faster than a van. as

Avan is a sports car.I didn't pay as much for my car as you did. moreYour car was mine.I have never travelled in such a fast car. fastestThat's

_

I have ever travelled in.If you practise more, you will get better. theThe more you will become.Schumacher is the best driver in the world. drivesNo one in the world Schumacher.The size of new cars is increasing all the time. biggerNew cars are getting bigger

Look at these examples from the report.... if you prefer a shorter track to this, ...... for those of you who would rather visit a smaller track than go ...What kind of word follows prefer?Which form of the verb follows would rather?

Study 7.2 of the Grammar Reference on page 180 before you do the task.

!| Circle the words that complete the sentences correcfly.1 He would rather / prefers have a Harley Davidson motorcycle than / to a Suzuki.2 Martin would rather i prefers the subway than lto the bus.3 Steven says he would rather / prefers watch the race on television than / to go to the track.4 They would rather I prefer Formula 1 races than lto rally car races.5 I would rather / prefer wait at the entrance of the station than / to go inside.6 My father would rather / prefers trains than lto planes.

GO Urun 7 Wheets, Wings and Oilrer Things

EF.,'F, ;.F!i_

_. -

.t. it: ,.

l{: :r:li;': ::? .,.4r: ..'14.F' :,V| .'::.tI , ..:.i,ri,.

t ir"I

Linklmagine a television channel is going to make a show about a group of people travelling around theworld. Here are seven different means of transport they could take. They have decided to take onlyfive. With a partner, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each and say which means oftransport you think will be used. Use some of the expressions you learned in Unit 3 as well asthe ones in the box below.

Which ones do you think we should choose?What do you think we should leave out?

I don't think we should include ...I think that ... is more interesting/exciting/useful because ...

But don't you think that ... would be more ... ?But wouldn't you agree that ... ?

Now report back to the class.

You will hear people speaking in five different situations. Choose from the list of places (a-f) wherethe conversations take place. There is one extra letter that you do not need to use.

on a shipat a railway stationat an airportin a taxion a coachin a car

'43

UNIT 7 Wheels, Wings and Other fhings Gi)

Writing Linkln this unit, you are going to learn to write a report.

II Read the question. Then read the report and complete it with the comparative or superlative forms ofthe words in brackets.Your teacher has asked you to imagine you are going on a 500 km journey. You can choose to makeyour journey either by bus or by small plane. Write a report for your classmafes about which meansof transport you have chosen and why. Say what you think will be the goodlbad and easyldifficultthings about your journey.

The Eest WnY to Go on n Long JourneYIntroductionThis report explains which means of transport Iwould choose for;i;tl""tney and will give my ideas about the journey'Means of TransPortI would prefer to make the journey by bus' First of all' I think thebus would be (1)

-

(comfortable) than a,."ff pi""". S""o"Ofy, if. tZl , . ;--

-

(easy)i;;"ik about on a bus, and I also believe buses are r 1

-,-,1 ^:(3)

-

*-, _-(safe) than smallplanes. I don't mind that

buses are not (4) -

(fast) as planes'

The JourneyI imagine the bus journey would be really great; a loj .(5)---(interesti"ng)thanflyingbecauselcouldlook at the scenery. Ho*"'"t, the roads are much(6)

-

(crowded) than the air and buses are(7) _ - irrowl than planes' so the journey will""rtu-rfv

tutdS) -

(long)'The(9)---(bad)thingaboutthejourneywouldprotunfy fr" it t i"tt sick. On the other hand'the (10) " -- (good) thing would be that I could alwaysaskthedrivertostop*nen"u".Iwantedto_notlikeonanairplane!

the bus journey would be the (11) (good)(exciting) way to travel and a great experience'

El Now write your report. Use the hints and the outline to help you. Don't forget to use headings.(160-180 words)

It's o good ideo lo useheodings in reports - it mokeslhem eosier to reod. Mokesure your heodings oresuiloble ond thot lhey coverthe subject of lhe porogroph.

ConclusionIn my opinion,and the (12)

HeadingIntroductionParagraph 1

Paragraph 2

Conclusion

Think of a suitable title for your report.Say what the report is going to be about.Say which means of transport you havechosen and give your reasons.Give your opinions about the good,/bad andeasy/difficult things about the journey.Summarise your opinions and ideas.

GZI Ur.rrr 7 Wheels, Wings and Other Things

akeansIt

ms of

d and

The World Around Us

Learning LinkIn this unit you will learn. words and phrases to help you talk about the environment.. to discuss ideas about recycling and the environment.. to write an essay offering solutions to an environmental problem.o to use the impersonal and personal passive structures and the passive

forms of verbs with two objects.

How much do you know about rainforests? Answer the following questions to find out.

How many hectares* of tropical forest were there worldwide in 1800?a nearly l billion b nearly 3 billion c nearly 5 billionHow many hectares remain today?a nearly 1 billion b nearly 1.5 billion c nearly 2 billionHow much of Australia's tropical rainforest has been cut down since the endofthe 1700s?a 25Vo b 50%

4 What percentage of the world's species can be found in tropical rainforests?a abotfil}%o h over 50Vo c over 60%n

5 How many different species of ant were found on one tree in Peru?a27 b36 c43

6 How many species are becoming extinct because of trees being cut down?a 4 species per hour b 4 species per day c 4 species per month

* t hectare : 10,000 sq m

c 75Vo

t.Jt.

Turn to page l9l to see if you were right.Which facts do you find shocking or surprising?

UNIT 8 The World Around ," @

Readins LSnkGI Read the article and find three everyday items that are made from things found in rainforests.

AMost people.are aware that huge parts of the Earth'ssurface * about 3.5 million hectares in total

- are covered

by tropical rainforests. Much has been written about thedestruction of these beautiful areas, and it's true that everyday more and more trees are being cut down. It has beenestimated that every hour a piece of rainforest the sizeof a football field is destroyed. Nevertheless, rainforestscontinue to be places where many different types of plants,insects and animals can he found-

BTo give some examples, 13,000 plant species are known toexist in thewhole ofEurope, but over 15,000 differentspecies have been discovered in the rainforests ofEcuador alone. In the Amazon rainforest, there arebetween 5 and 30 million plants! It's hardly surprisingthat not all those plants have been studied yet, but the30,000 plants that have been given names by scientistsrepresent I0% olallthe plants in theworld. In Europe,there are about 200 different species of freshwater fish,but in the rainforests of the Amazon almost 3,000 typeshave been identified. Overall, rainforests contain3\Voof the world's bird species, 90% ofall invertebrates*and90Vo of all primates**. In fact, the variety of lMngthings in rainforests is second to none.

CBut the rainforests don't only provide us withunusual and abundant plant and animal life. Manyof the things families use every day are producedin tropical rainforests. And it isn't just the obviousforest products, like exotic fruits, nuts and spices,that are exported all over the world. People areoften surprised to find that the main ingredients ina large number of perfumes, things like eucalyptus,ylang-ylang, and sandalwood, are harvested in therainforests. We know wood from rainforests isused to make furniture. Less well known is the factthat bamboo furniture is also made from tropicalrainforest plants. Other common items like ropes,fishing lines and shampoos may have started life inthe rainforests of Africa or South America.

DHuge amounts of gum and resin are, of course, producedby the millions of rainforest trees. These are used in a widerange ofproducts such as paints, shoe soles, waterproofingand golfballs. There is even one special gum called chiclethat's used to make chewing gum. It's strange to think thatsome of us might have chewed a piece of rainforest!

EAnother vital role for the rainforest is in providinga number of the natural products that are usedin the pharmaceutical industry. Many of theessential ingredients in medicines for heart disease,asthma, arthritis, and pneumonia are derivedfrom plants that are only found in tropical forests.To date, over two thousand tropical plants havebeen identified by scientists as having anti-cancerproperties, and the Rosy Periwinkle, a plant that isonly found in South American rainforests, is usedin the treatment of childhood leukaemia.

FAs if they didn't do enough for us already, therainforests of the globe also help to control worldweather. Rainforests act like giant air conditioners,cooling the planet with shade and helping to createrainfall. Every time we take a breath of fresh air,we have the rainforests to thank again. Air iscleaned and purified by the trees because they actIike a filter. If our air wasn't filtered in this way,not only would the atmosphere be harmed, but ourrivers and seas would be more polluted, too. All inall, it's impossible to imagine life on earth withoutthe rainforests.

* animals without backbones** monkeys, apes, and humans

(!+l ur'rrr 8 The world Around Us

fl Read the article again and answer the questions. Choose from paragraphs A-F.ln which paragraph(s)

do we learn that rainforests help some people to smell nice?

do we read about the rate at which rainforest trees are disappearing?

does the writer explain the effects of rainforests on our climate?

do we learn that while we walk, play sports, or decorate our homes, we

could be using rainforest products?

does the writer tell us that many types of plant have not yet been named?

do we discover that almost a third of the different species of birds in theworld are in rainforests?

are we told that rainforests are important to doctors?

do we learn that there is an incredible diversity of living organisms in the rainforest?

do we understand how necessary the rainforest can be for certain children?

(flC){]GflC(]

Cq_lGT]C](flcdo we read about products that are made fromin the rainforest? raw materials found

meanings.

LinkFind words and phrases in the article which have the following

I know (part A)2 guessed; calculated (part A)3 however; despite that (part A)4 live;be (part B)5 recognised and named (part B)6 existing in large numbers (part C)7 sent to other countries in order to sell (part C)8 cut; gathered (part C)9 essential; necessary $art E)

10 developed (part E)11 world (part F)12 something the air passes through and gets cleaned (part F)

UNIT 8 The World Around ,= @

75; Use the words in capitals at the end of each sentence to make words which fit in the spaces.It's important that

Do you know howPRODUCE

the

many

Many kinds of plants are used in medicines for theTREAT

I spent myReducing pollution seems an

It is shocking how many types of plants and animals are facing

The government must find anEFFECT

way of reducing pollution from industry.

Greenpeace made an concerning deforestation BraziL ANNOUNCE

it in the street. CAREMany people are

The of school children learn about the environment. MAIOR

I1

of the rainforest is stopped. DESTROY

are made from materials from the rainforests?

of all sorts of illnesses.

EXTINCT

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

l0

tiving in the country and playing in the fields. CHILD

task sometimes. PO SSIBLE

with their rubbish and just droP

I

ii

I've just joined an organisation that helps keep the playgrounds clean.to my first meeting tonight.

4 This town's recycling facilities are . They're simpll'the best!5

_

people are doing a lot to help, the panda is still an endansered species.

6 --

people's efforts, the panda is still an endangered species'

7 Pollution comes in many different forms; acid rain. smoke, litter, andwaste products.

8 This green organisation has had three fund-raising eventsmore by the end of the Year.In the past, recycling wasn't common.heard about the benefits of recycling.

s ditlerent now; everyone has

, I think it's been ayery successful dar: rr e'r e 65aged to raise {5,000 forSave the Wales.

lr

rl

10

f,| Complete the sentences with these words and phrases. More than one answer may be possible.H I IiITS

These kinds of phroses ore very useful, especiolly when you use lhem in yourcomposilions to link your ideos iogelher. Keep o note of expressions like thesein your nolebooks, so you con find lhem eosily ond proclise them'

all in all although despite in fact in spite it's hardly_ surprisingof course second to none to date to give some examples

1,,

3

This river has been so badly polluted that that all the fish have died.

people are starting to help the environment. of that, more still needs to be done.I'm goi

. and plans two

Gol ur'rrr 8 The world Around us

I:s

Link

Look at this example from the article.It has been estimated that every hour a piece of rainforest the size of a footbalt fietd is destroyed.Look at the passive verb in bold. which word is the subject of this verb?What word follows this verb?This is an example of the impersonal passive structure. It means: People have estimated that event houra piece of rainforest the size of a football field is rlestroyed..In this sttucture, It * passive verb * that is followed by a clause (subject and verb).Look at this example from the article.... 13,000 plant species are known to exist in the whole of Europe ...What is the subject of the passive verb in bold?What verb form follows the passive verb?This is an example of the personal passive structure. It means: People know that 13,000 plant speciesexist in the whole of Europe.In this structure, subject * passive verb is followed by a full infinitive.Both the impersonal and the personal passive structures are used with verbs such as believe, consider,

,,estimate, expect, know, repofi, think, understand., etc.

Study in 8.1 of the Grammar Reference on page 1g1 before you do the task.

ng

rCT

, and

:wo

e has

for

Cl Rewrite these sentences using the impersonal and the personal structures.Scientists know that factories pollute the atmosphere.ItFactories

2 People have said that young people learn aboutIt_Young peopleThey believe that governments are damaging our planet.ItGovernments our planet.People report that this company designs special tankers to carry oil safely.It

_ special tankers to carry oil safely.This company special tankers to carry oil safely.Scientists believe that pollution is getting worse and worse every year.

They say that the environment is at risk.ItThe environment

-

_

ut'i'ku, ri.o.

Scientists say that the damage to the climate is irreversible.IIThe damage to the climate irreversible.People believe that stricter ecological controls are necessary.It

necessary.

the atmosphere.the atmosphere.

the environment at school.about the environment at school.

about the environment at school.

our planet.

irreversible.

necessary.Stricter ecological controls

UNIT 8 The World Around ," @

tStudy 8.2 of the Grammar Reference on page 181 before you do the task.

Gl Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence.Use the given word and write between two and five words'

1 The Ministry of Agriculture will give farmers more financial aid. toMore financial aid farmers by the Ministry of Agriculture.

2 They sent the newspaper a student project on the environment. wason the environment.The newspaper

Researchers have given the government a report on pollution in city centers. beenA report on pollution in city centers the government.

4 The teacher often gives her students leaflets on saving the environment. areStudents on saving the environment by their teacher.

5 The students wrote the government a letter of complaint. writtenA letter oI complaint by the students.

6 The scientists will present the report at the conference. beThe report at the conference by the scientists.

Look at this sentence.Scientists have given 30,000 plants names.

Is the verb in the active or passive form?This sentence has two objects. What are they? andLook at how the sentence was written in the article, using the first object.a ... 30,000 plants ... have been given names by scientists ...It could have been written using the second object as follows:b ... names have been given to 30,000 plants by scientists ...Which word in sentence b is not in sentence a?

t

GCJ ur.rrr 8 The world Around Us

!5ten!ns Link @3I-_l

I

_l

!! You will hear part of a radio interview with Dr Clark, an expert in the design of oit tankers. For questions1-8, choose the correct answer, a, b, or o.

1 When were the first tankers built, accordingto Dr Clark?a 100 years agob at the turn of the centuryc in the 1880s

2 The E>oron Valdez oil spill occurred inAlaska ina March 1988.b March 1989.c May 1989.

3 How much oil was spilled in the sea from theExxon Yaldez?a nearly 50 million litresb just under 55 million litresc just over 54 million litres

{ The hull of a tanker isa above the sea.b where the oil tanks are.c always double.

O Work with a partner. Ask and answer these questions.

Do you think people take care of theenvironment in your neighbourhood?

How easy is it to recycle things inyour neighbourhood?

Do you and your family recycle things?Can you think of some ways people harm the environment?

What do you think should be done about this?Do you think teachers or parents should be

responsible for teaching young peoplehow to take care of the world?What can schools do to protect

the environment?

Now report back to the class.

A single-hull tanker built in 1985 must nolonger be in use bya 2005.b 2009.c 2011.The agreement concerning Marine Pollution isusually referred to asa MARPOLE.b MARPOLL.c MARPOL.Many studies suggest that the percentage ofoil in the ocean from oil spills isa abott\Vo.b abofi50Va.c about157a.Dr Clark says oil contamination from theland may bea more than 10 times worse than that from

oil spilis.b almost as bad as that from oil spills.c less serious than the public thinks.

.1

UNIT 8 The World Around ,. @

tIr'lt I

il

ln this unit, you are going to learn to write an essay offering solutions to a problem.

Il| Read the question and put the paragraphs in the correct order.There ts foo much rubbish on our streets, in our parks and in the countryside. What do you thinkcan be done to improve the situation?

Paragraph IParagraph 2Paragraph 3Paragraph 4Paragraph 5

Nobody can argue with the fact that there is too much garbage littering our beautiful countrythese days. The question is, what can we all do to make the situation better?DAnother suggestion is that the government should do more. They could punish citizens whoare careless with rubbish. Fines should be charged when people drop litter or leave bin bags ithe countryside. There could also be more publicity about keeping our country clean. We allneed to be reminded from time to time about how precious our environment is.EFinally, schools can help by organising 'clean up' days when all the students collect rubbish intheir area.

eCCeC

AOne basic way to help is for everybody to take responsibility fortheir own rubbish. By this I mean that every person should stopdropping litter and throwing paper and other unwanted itemsout of car windows. We must think about what we do withour rubbish.BIn conclusion, if we don't all do something to help, we'll giveour children a polluted world to live in.C

El Now write your essay offering solutions to a problem. Use the hints, the ouiline and the words andphrases you underlined. (160-180 words)r'r: '

,. 'Ill,Jsl&,,,,

!I Underline the words and phrases which helped you put the paragraphs in the correct order.

When you ore wriling o cfiscursive essoy, you only needto moke two or three points. Thol, togeiher with yourinkoduclion ond conclusion, is usudly enough.

Say something about the question -

for example, whether youagree or disagree or what your opinion is.Make suggestions about how to improve the situation.Remember to start a new paragraph for each idea.Try to end by making a point

- for example, what could

if we don't all do something to help.

Iil

itrI

Paragraph 1

Paragraphs 2 and 3

Paragraph 4

!il

!l

tr

t

Col ururr 8 The wortd Around Us

happen

ink

-7 JLflEs= GElt -:= = VOCabUlafy

Fr questions 1-16, choose the correct answer, a, b, c, or d'

I This is a very problem and I don't know 9how to solve it.a vitalb trickyc pured initial

: \\-e have to early tomorrow, so make sure 10\.ou are ready.a set offb get inc see offd let down

-a Can you this strange Plant?a use upb producec existd identifli

t If rou stay out in the sun too long, you couldget

-a hypothermiab heatstrokec exhaustiond painkillersFll-ing a kite is mY favouritea pastimeb processc featured varietYDid you win the kite-flYinga trackb structurec contestd courtThe trees in the rainforest act as ahelp to give us fresh air'a treatmentb medicinec f,lterd product

and

\Ve haven't got a lot of time. , we'll try todo something fun.a Althoughb Neverthelessc Despited All in all

1n

11

12

13

My friend from school has become ahuge

__.

a celebrityb trophyc destinationd vehicleThe Go-Karting competition attracts 100,000peoplea particularlyb directlyc fairlyd annuallyMany are becoming extinct'a speciesb hectaresc globesd fluidsHerbert came suddenly from the

-

andwon the race.a distanceb frontc reard topKites were

-

thousands of years ago'a overlookedb spoiltc stretchedd invented

14 Are you coming to the skatinga ringb rinkc trackd pitch

, John?

15 My trip to the rainforest wassimply amazing.a to dateb second to nonec ofcoursed hardly surPrisingMost people are of the problems inthe Amazon.a awareb abundantc at the mercYd infact

ls and

. It was

t6

REVTEW 2 Units 5-8 ( 71

rammar

2 You get medical help immediately if you 10 It is that the pollution problem is getting

For questions 1-1 6, choose the correct answer, a, b, c, or d.

I You see lots of wild animals on a safari 9holiday in Africa.a canb need toc have tod could

get hypothermia.a mustb are able toc cand could

3 She would go rycling than walking. 11a prefer thatb not ratherc preferd rather

a mustn'tb weren't able toc don't have tod could

5 The kite-flying contest last week by 13Mr Brown.a was wonb hasbeenwonc is wond is being won

6 The fbotball team by Harry Essex.a have been managedb being managedc were managedd is managed

7 He's not sure, but his golf clubs afterSaturday's game.a were stolenb might have been stolenc were being stolend will be stolen

8 My brother is , than me.a shortestb shorterc shortd more short

You worried about the weather.It's lovely!a need tob needn't havec don't need tod mustn't

worse every day.a reportb reportedc reportingd to reportWhere are the next Olympic Gamesa going to be heldb will have been heldc had been heldd will be held

a leastb lessc not asd as littleAlmost 3000 types of freshwater fish aresaid

-

in the Amazon.a have existedb that existc existd to existI was the driver in the race by a long way.a fasterb more fastc fastestd fastIt estimated thatT5Vo of Australia'srainforest has been destroved.a beenb has beenc should bed will beFactories to cause pollution.a to be understoodb understandc are understoodd been understood

4 You be an athlete to go mountaineering. 12 Scrambling is the popular sport at the centre.

t4

15

Fi) nevrew 2 units s-B

t6