Linked Open Datafor cultural heritage

With examples from bookbinding descriptions

Athanasios Velios

Why should I care about Linked Open

Data?

1

Development of knowledge

● Observations

Development of knowledge

● Observations● Summary

Development of knowledge

● Observations● Summary● Rules

Development of knowledge

● Observations● Summary● Rules

● New observations

Development of knowledge

● Observations● Summary● Rules

● New observations

● Revised rules

Development of knowledge

● Observations● Summary● Rules

● New observations

● Revised rules

Professor Nicholas Pickwoad

Slow development

● Observations take time– Few researchers have representative knowledge

Slow development

● Observations take time– Few researchers have representative knowledge

● Publications are difficult to produce

Slow development

● Observations take time– Few researchers have representative knowledge

● Publications are difficult to produce/consume– They hardly ever contain data

Linked Open Data

● Sharing observations– More representative samples

Linked Open Data

● Sharing observations● Automated summaries

– Still scope to publish commentary

Linked Open Data

● Sharing observations● Automated summaries● Automated rules

– As reasonable conclusions from summaries

Linked Open Data

● Sharing observations● Automated summaries● Automated rules● Automated revisions of rules

Linked Open Data

Data is used in applications, but it was not originally designed for

them

http://mes-semantics.com/DBpediaMobile/

Linked data example

{ "head": { "link": [], "vars": ["Lat", "Long"] },

"results": { "distinct": false, "ordered": true, "bindings": [

{ "Lat": { "type": "typed-literal", "datatype": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#float", "value": "46.0516" } , "Long": { "type": "typed-literal", "datatype": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#float", "value": "14.5004" }} ] } }

Linked data example

{ "head": { "link": [], "vars": ["Lat", "Long"] },

"results": { "distinct": false, "ordered": true, "bindings": [

{ "Lat": { "type": "typed-literal", "datatype": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#float", "value": "46.0516" } , "Long": { "type": "typed-literal", "datatype": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#float", "value": "14.5004" }} ] } }

How do I publish my database as

Linked Open Data?

2

World Wide Web Consortium

Resource Description Framework

Tim Berners-Lee (Photograph: Rick Friedman, The Guardian)

Resource Description Framework - RDF

Simplest way to share

RDF

Subject(what do we describe?)

RDF

Subject(what do we describe?)

Predicate(which property of subject?)

Predicate(which property of subject?)

RDF

Object(what value of property?)

Subject(what do we describe?)

has material(which property of subject?)

RDF

Wood(what value of property?)

MS Arabic 450(what do we describe?)

has material(which property of subject?)

RDF

Wood(what value of property?)

MS Arabic 450(what do we describe?)

ambiguouslabel

ambiguouslabel

ambiguouslabels

www.cidoc-crm.org/rdfs/...#

P45.consists_of

RDF

vocab.getty.edu/aat/300011914

www.ligatus.org.uk/stcatherines/ms/438

ambiguouslabel

ambiguouslabel

explicitlabels

www.cidoc-crm.org/rdfs/...#

P45.consists_of

RDF

vocab.getty.edu/aat/300011914

www.ligatus.org.uk/stcatherines/ms/438

ambiguouslabel

ambiguouslabel

identifiersURIs

www.cidoc-crm.org/rdfs/...#

P45.consists_of

RDF

vocab.getty.edu/aat/300011914

www.ligatus.org.uk/stcatherines/ms/438

Ligatuswebsite

www.cidoc-crm.org/rdfs/...#

P45.consists_of

RDF

vocab.getty.edu/aat/300011914

www.ligatus.org.uk/stcatherines/ms/438

Gettywebsite

www.cidoc-crm.org/rdfs/...#

P45.consists_of

RDF

vocab.getty.edu/aat/300011914

www.ligatus.org.uk/stcatherines/ms/438

?

ICOM-CIDOC-CRM

P45 consists of (is incorporated in)Domain: #_E18_Physical_Thing Physical ThingRange: #_E57_Material Material

Scope note: This property identifies the instances of E57 Materials of which an instance of E18 Physical Thing is composed.

All physical things consist of physical materials. P45 consists of (is incorporated in) allows the different Materials to be recorded. P45 consists of (is incorporated in) refers here to observed Material as opposed to the consumed raw material.

Examples: silver cup 232 (E22) consists of silver (E57)

www.cidoc-crm.org/rdfs/...#

P45.consists_of

RDF

vocab.getty.edu/aat/300011914

www.ligatus.org.uk/stcatherines/ms/438

CIDOCwebsite

The Girdle Book

http://collection.britishmuseum.org/id/object/MCN15614

Man-MadeObject

enamel

gold

serpent

Solomon

Your data is free text

Your data is free text

● Bad idea: avoid free text

Your data is free text

● Bad idea: avoid free text

● Natural Language Processing● Use of thesauri● Attempt to identify concepts and relationships

Free-text

The binding has an unsupported sewing structure, using four stations, with wooden boards attached to the sewn bookblock by means of sewing thread only; a textile spine lining extending onto the outer face of the boards; endbands sewn to the bookblock and the head and tail edges of the boards; and metal bosses and triple interlaced leather clasp-straps laced through the right board with metal rings that fit over edge pins on the left board.

Honey, A., and N. Pickwoad. 2010. ‘Learning from the Past: Using Original Techniques to Conserve a Twelfth-century Illuminated Manuscript and Its Sixteenth-century Greek-style Binding at the Monastery of St Catherine, Sinai’. In Conservation and the Eastern Mediterranean: Contributions to the Istanbul Congress 20-24 September 2010, ed. C. Rozeik, R. Ashok, and D. Saunders, 56–61. Istanbul, Turkey: International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works.

Free-text

The binding has an unsupported sewing structure, using four stations, with wooden boards attached to the sewn bookblock by means of sewing thread only; a textile spine lining extending onto the outer face of the boards; endbands sewn to the bookblock and the head and tail edges of the boards; and metal bosses and triple interlaced leather clasp-straps laced through the right board with metal rings that fit over edge pins on the left board.

Honey, A., and N. Pickwoad. 2010. ‘Learning from the Past: Using Original Techniques to Conserve a Twelfth-century Illuminated Manuscript and Its Sixteenth-century Greek-style Binding at the Monastery of St Catherine, Sinai’. In Conservation and the Eastern Mediterranean: Contributions to the Istanbul Congress 20-24 September 2010, ed. C. Rozeik, R. Ashok, and D. Saunders, 56–61. Istanbul, Turkey: International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works.

Your data is in fields

● Match data with concepts from thesauri

Language of Bindings Thesaurus

Your data is in fields

● Match data with concepts from thesauri● Match data relationships with formal

relationships (ontologies)

Your data is in fields

● Match data with concepts from thesauri● Match data relationships with formal

relationships (ontologies)● Give unique addresses to each field online

Your data is in fields

● Match data with concepts from thesauri● Match data relationships with formal

relationships (ontologies)● Give unique addresses to each field online● Publish online without copyright restrictions

Your data is in fields

● Match data with concepts from thesauri● Match data relationships with formal

relationships (ontologies)● Give unique addresses to each field online● Publish online without copyright restrictions

● Existing data models can remain (but a revision may be a good idea)

More problems with your data

● Compound and/or non descriptive fields

More problems with your data

● Compound and/or non descriptive fields● Uncertain / inaccurate data

Ioannes Copus, De fructibus libri quatuor, Paris: Christian Wechel, 1535

SIG

The time is right

● Thesauri are being published● Mature ontologies exist● Online systems are popular

Language of Bindings Thesaurus

...

http://lod-cloud.net/Linking Open Data cloud diagram 2014,by Max Schmachtenberg, Christian Bizer, Anja Jentzsch and Richard Cyganiak.

a.velios@gmail.com - @a_velios