linkedin v john does (bots case)

7/27/2019 LinkedIn v John Does (Bots Case)

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JDROMEC. ROTH StateBarNo. [email protected] l. BLnVIN (Sraterr No.230269)[email protected],AIJRAK. Lin(Stotc arNo.2815,12)laura.lin(drlto.oomMlJNCER. Ot,T,ES OI.SON LP560MissionStreetTwcnty-SeventhloorSanFrancisco,alifornia 4105-2907' lc lephonc: (415)5l2-4000lacsimilc: (415)512-4077Atbmcys or LinlicdlnCorporation

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UNITEDS'I'A1'I'SDISI'I{ICTCoTJ[tl'NORI'I IJITNDIS'I]I.IC'I' F CAI-IFOItNINgq/

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Linl(cdlnCorporir l ion,l 'h int i l l ' . Cornpl:r int, 'ot ' :(l) vloLAl'roN olt 1'llEcoMPtll'lt l{I,-llAUD NDAllIJSE C'l', li l;-s.c.Qti1030 i'f S[Q.i(2)VlOl,A't 'toNol' cALll 'ol{NlAI'ENALCOr)llS502;(3'IVIOI,Al'ION0F THN I)I(;I1'AI,

MILLENNIUMcoPYRIGHT Ac'r, l7u.s.c. $ 20r TstrQ.;(4)I}REACII 0I.' CONTILdCT;(5)TRIiSPASS; NI)(6)MISAPPIIOPIiIATION

I lhrough incltrsivc,Dckncliurts.

COMPLAINT


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Plainti1l ,inkedln Corporation "Linkedln" or "Plainti1l'), by and hrough ts attorneys,brings h is ComplainragainslDcfendantsDocs I -10 (collcctivcly, he "Doe Dcfendants") orinjunctivercliefand danragcs.Linkcdln allegcsas ollows:

1. Linkedln s hc world's argest roiessionalet\ \ ,olkith morc han259nil l ionnremhcrsn over200corrntricsnd cf i ibf ics ruoundheglobc.Linkedlns l i .sstons o connectthc worlcl'sprofessionalso rnakc hem moreprodtlctiveand succcssful. hrough ts proprictaryplatlbrm. Litrkedlnallows ls nrcmbcts o ctcale,manage nd sh:tre hcir professional istoricsandintcrcsts nl ine. n addit ion., inkedln rovides aluable crviccso corporatecoruitcrs l lc lhcadhuntersith ts tecfui ler foducl,\ 'hich l lows hcm o dcnti l .v rrongLinkcclln's renrbcrstop candidatcsbr opcnposil ions. t thehcarlof Linkcdln's l i l t lbnnarc ls nlcmbcrs, hocrcateproli lcs ha(scrvc ls hcirprol lssionllonlirrc dentit ics ndarcaoccssiblcy anyothcr rrcnlbcr.

2. SinccMay 2013. nknown ctsons ud/of nt it ics nrployir lgariousrl l lomatodsoliwarc rrrg|amsollcrr olerccl o as bots")havo cgistcrcdhousandsf l irkcLinkcdlnmcDrbor ccounls nd havccxlrtctcd and copieddilt fronrnlany ncnrbcrprolilc pagcs. I hispr i tc t icc,knownnsdata'scraping." iscxpl ic i t ly lx t rrcdbyl , inkc( l l l r 'sIJscr,A , ,0cn1enl,whprohil l j ts cocsso Linl(cdln lhrough cfapirrg,piclcring.fawling l olhcr cohnologyrsottwarc.rscclr acccss atawithout heexprcss li t ten onscnl l Linkcdlnor i ts Mclnbcrc."

l. Thc Doc l)clindrnts knowirgly and ntclti(nally havcbrcachcd his andothcracccss ncl sc cslr ict ionsn Lirrkedln'slscr AgrecmcDt \ hich hcyagrcedo abidcby irrregisleringheiraooounls andh[vc circunvcnted ariorrscchl] ical fotccl ion arriors rnploycdby Linkccll [ . lnsodoing,theyhavcviolatcd n array f l ldcral andskltc awi-. ncl l tdinghcCornputer raud ndAbuseAcl, l8 U.S.C. 1030, t scq. the Cl;AA"), Cali lbrniaPenalCode$ 502et scq., nd he )igitalMil lenniunr opyright ct, 7 U.S.C. 1201 t seq. 1hc DMCA"),and havc engagedn unluwftrlactsof hreachof contract, iisappropriation, rrd respass.

4. The l)oe Dcfendants'unla$'ful conduct hreatenshe t-inkcdlr platform n scveralways. [t undcrmincs he rtegrity andelfectivcness fLinkedln's protcssional elwork bypolluting it \dth thousands f iake mcinberprofiles- The world's prol'essionalstilizc Linkedln{'ilh the cxpectation hat ls colltenlsarcaccurate nd ts uscrprofiles cgitimale. Morcover,by

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piltbrirg data iom thc Linkedln sitc. he Doe )efcrda[ts tlucaten o degrade he valueofLinkcdln's ltccruitcr product, n which I-inkcdln has nveslcdsubstantially ver the cars.l,inke


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10. During all rclgvan imes, hc Doe Dclendants avcrepcatedly, nowingly, andintcDtionallyaccssed inkcdln's servers ooatcd n this.judicioldist ct witlrout Linkedln'sauthorization, nd havcqontractedbr suchaocess, cconing lcgistcredLinkedln mcmberssubiect o Lid(cdln's ljscr Agrecment. Whilc acccssing inkedln's scrvers, he )oe J)cfendantsmadc systcmatic ndcontinuous ontactswith this udicialdislrict,and targeted heir $rongt'ulact:^ l Linkcdln. which s hcadquarteredn this iudicialdisllicl.

I l. -l'hisis an rrtcllectual rope y action o bc assigned n a districFlvidc basisunderCivi l Local {ulc3-2(c).

TII I ' PAII ' I ' IES12. Linkedlu s a Dclawirccorporat ion jth tsprinclpal lace l busincssn Mounlain

View.Cali lbrnia.13. l hc Doc DcLcndantsrcpcrsorlsnd/or nt it ics csponsiblcn wholcof in pnl1 lof

thewrongcloinBIIegcclc|cin. At lca"-t'or omcol-thc nlawli l acts l lcgcd crcin. hc )ocI)clcndanlscSistcrcd)cnrbcr ccolints |r , inkcdln, ubjcct ) hc -inkcdln JscrAgrccnrcnt.Linkcdln s nlblnrccland cl icvcshalcachol thc Doc )clcnclantsu{icipalcdn, rdl i l ied,cndoBed, r wls othcn isc nvolvcd n l l teacts onrplaincdl irn(l hul hcyhavc iabil i ly bf suchrcls. Li lrkcdlrrntcnclso scel( xpcditcd lisoovefyo lcarn ho dcntity 11hcDoc DclcndaDtsndwil l arrcnd his lomplairti1'and hcr thc dcntit ics l such crsons r cnli t ics nd/or hc scopc l 'theifact i0ns ecomcsnown.

FACTSThc Liukcdln ProfcssionalNetrvot.k

14. Linkcdln s theworld's argesl rolcssionalctwork,with over259mil l ionmcrnbersworidwide and ovcr 84 rnillion mcmbcrs n the United Statcs.Linkedln's mission s toconnect he wotld's prolessionalso nrake hem morcproductivcand succcssful.

15. Through ts proprielaryplatform, Linkedln members reable o creaic.manage ndshare hcir protessiorlaLdeotityonline, build aDdengaSe ith thcir prolessional eiwork,accesssharcd nowledgeand nsights,and ind business ppo unitics,enabling hem to be morc

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producti e andsucccssful.Linkedln's broadcrvision s 10creatccconomicopportunily or cverymember f thc globalworkforce.

I6. At the hcarl ol Linkedln's plotibrm are ts rnenlbers,who crcale ndividualprofilcsthatservea"^heir pfolcssionalprofilesandareacccssible y any olhcr membcr.as well as unlessa ficnrberchooses therwisc)anyonewith an Intcnletconncction. Linkedln couDts xecutivcsl iom all 20ll lorlunc 500compunicssnrembers.

17. l- inkedln's orcguiding,aluc s Mcnbels . irst. lecausc inl(cdll l 's nenrbersc[ lmst l- in](cdln , i th hcir prolossionalistorics nd ntcrestsn [, inkedln's i tc.Linkcdln sconmit lcd o camingandkcepingts nrembcrs'rust n evcrything inkcdln locs,ncluri irrgprotecling ts lnenrbcfs inll allcnrptsby lhird partics o scmpe hcir dala.

18. lhc Linkcdln reb$itcsanoriginal opyrightcd ork. .Anrcnghc signif icanlof iginal lenrsnls l the -inkcdlnwcbsilc r0 hedist inct ivc agc ayout, csign, raphicalclenronls,ndorganizalionl 'mcnlbor rol i lcpagcs nd hc Linkcdln tomcpagcndnows iccl.l , irrkccl lrr 'sJ.S. opyriShtcgislrat ioDsbr hc -inkcdlnwcbsitcncluclclcg.Nos.IX0007355749,X0007010652.nLt X000745529l.

l9 Linl(cdlnhas nvcstcdndplanso cdlt irLrc 0 nvcsl ubst iut ialiorc. abor. ki l l ,and inanciolcsolrrccsulo lre lcvclopll ]entlndnraintcn ccol lhc l, inkcdln i lc.

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22.. l,inkedln's lJserAgleemcnt cxplains hat membcrs regrantcda limitcd andrcvocable iccnsc o acccss ndusc Linkcdlrr n accordance ith the eflns ofthe Uscr Agrecmcnl.

23. Linkedln's User Agrccmentspccilicallyconditionsmcmbers' ight to acccssLinkcdlnoD hciragreeingot o do so hroughheLNc fdalascrapingcolDologiesnd clatcdconduct. Ihc agreemcnl talcs, wc granl you a limitcd. rcvocable- onexciusive, onassignablc.n


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21. Corporate ecruitcrs nd headhuntersurchase inkcdln Rccruitermembcrshipsnordcr o search br prospcctive andidates mongLinkedln's hundrcdsof millions or nrcrroerprofiles. By using Linkedln Recruitcr's obustandexclusivescarch ools, recruircrs ansearcnthc cnlire Linkcdln netwolk for top candidatcs' amcsandptoiiles. Recruitcrsmay ocatcandcontactmcmbcrs, ncluding passive andidatcs ho may not be ooking tbr ajob, by aocqssingLinkcdln's plolcssionalnctwofk tluoLlgh irkcciln Rccruitcr.

l,inkcdln's'l echnol,gicalSafcguards rnd Sccurirv-Mc:NurcsT0 I ' rotectLiukodln Ag:ri st UnauthorizcdAcccss28. Liukedln 'ast idiouslyorks o protecthe ntcgrity ndsccurity f i ts networknd

systcms.Amongolher (hiDgs,1employsan trmy ol lcchnologicalsaLguardsandbarricNdcsigned 0prcvonl alascrapcrsndoihcrwrongdocrsiorrrgainiDg nauthodzcdoocssoLinkoclln's itc.

29. Oncsuch alcguards Linkedln's :US|-)rogranr. r[JSI-jnrposcs limit on thcactivi lyLhil l n ndividunl , inkcdlnuscrnrry nit ialc n thcsitc. lhis l imil is ntcndcdo prcvct l lwoulcl-boata ori lpcrs t i l iz ing utonMtcdcchnologics'ront uic[1y occssingsubslantidlvolunlc l rnclr lbcr rol i lcs-.

30. Similarly, inkcdln'sScntinel rogrnrn)onitors ndblocks uspiciousct ivi lyassocialedith parl icLrlalnlcrnclProtocol"IP")addrcsscs.2

3l . LinkedlnaLsolnt icipatcdhatdata orapcrs ighldttenlpt creatc mult i tudc l 'lakc rncmbcraccounls.Accordingly,asa seconday ayer of protcction, ,inkedln mplenrentcdtsIJCV systerr o thwart this tnisconduct. fho UCV systemuscsa nunlbcrofparaDrctersodetcnnineIa ncw account ignup s suspicious.fa suspiciousignup s clent it icd,heUCVsystcm mposes arriers ntcndcd o separatccgitilnateprospcclivemcmbers lom aulomatcd atascrapingprograms nd bos. Specifically, he UCV sysrcm nkoducesa CAp-l CHAr ticld thalrcqulresprospcctlve tcnlbcrs o rc-typea word or tcxt thot appearsn obscured, oiored ype.

' An Il'addressn thiscontexts alumerical abelassigncdo each ccess oint o thc nterne(.t CAPTCHA san"..onym for "Completely utomated ublicTuring cst o tell ComputersndHumans Dart."

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'l'heseobscuredwordsor text irre egib lc o a rcal pcrson anci amiliar to thosepurchasingconcertdckcls, br instance, sa conlmonstcp n an online rcgistralionprocess but difl'icult foran aulomatcdprogramor bot to recognize.By using C,AP CHA.S,hc IJCV syste prevenlsdalascrapercrom automatically cgisteringmany new and llegitimatc nembcraccounts.

32. l-ir (edlnalsocmploys echnicalprolocolsdcsigncd o prcvcnlunauthorizcdautonlatedotsandwcbcrawlcrston accessingthcrw-iscublicly availablc arts f the , inkedlnsite. I(nownas fobots.txli lc, thissaftguind rovides sclol inst lt lc l ionso anyaulonatcdlcchnologiesisit ing hc -inkcdln itc. Whilc LiDkcdlD'sobots. lxli le docspeDnit omcu'ebcrawlersc.g.- earch ngiucs uchasGoogle l l l ing) o vicw hc cnt irc itc. l prchibjts ndis ntenclcdo prcvcnt l i lornetcd rogramsikc hoscLrsedy data crapers.

Thc l)oc )ofcndants'D:rtaScrapingAclivit ics33. l lc l$ccn May 2013anclhcprcscnt,hcDoc )clcndantsnowingly nd

intenlionallyifcLlnlvcntcdrtJSIi, cnt incl,hc UCV systcrlr.ho obots.txt rotocol nd/or thcrl. inkcrl ln ccurity rc surcs n ordcr o cueirgcn thcirdata crapintsct ivi l ics.

34. I)urir lg his irrrc criod. he )oc I)oloDdanlsfoalcdhousandsl r) lolnbcrrccounls(wi1h trl(c anles ndcontlcl nlbf lr i l t ion) ) ircocssndscli lpe rl i l l iom rnanyLirrkecllnnemb0lproli lcs.

35. lDordcf o cl-ci l tcachandcvoryoncol-thcscakenrcrnber ccour)ts,hcDocl)elcndrnts ad o ag|cc o ahiclc y thc acocss nduse cstf icl ionsn Linkcdlns IJser gfccment,\thich. irlur rrlrr. prolribit 'scrapirg,spidering, rawliDgor olhcr cchnologyor soliwarcused oaccess atawithoul hc cxpress l- i l lcn onsel)t l LinkedlD r ls Mcmbers." nd ccluirehatnTembcrsr.viLlnlymirintair neLirkedlnaccount tanygivcn inrc"and rvi l l usc theirl calnameandonly providcaccumle nlbtmation to Linkcdln." 'l'heDoc Delindants knou'inglyviolated ach l ' thesc ccessnduse estrict ionsn cltgagingnthcir unlawl.L ol lduot.

36. ln May andJune2013, he Doe Defendants ircumventcdFUSE wlich limits thcvolume ofactivity fbr each ndividualaccount by creatiDghousands fdiflerent ncrv membcraccourts hrough hc useofvaious automatcd echnologies.Regislcringso many uniquenewaccounts llowcd he I)oc Dcfendantso view iTundrcds flhousandsofnrcmber profiles pcr day.

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37. At the samc ime, thc l)oc Del'cndallts lsocircumverted he UCV systetn y usingautornatedcchnologics o cgister housands ffikc memberaccor.lnts ithout triggeting heUCV systcm'smposil ion f C,\P' lCIIAs. -l 'hcDoc Def nclantsrlso ircr,rmventedndbypassedLinlcdln's robots.txt ile, which specilicallybansand s intcnded o prevcnt hc useolunaulhorizcd ulomaleddatascrapingptogralnsandbols.

18. In early Seplcmbcr2011, hc l)oc l)el'enda|1tsgaii accesscd-inlicdln's wcbsirennd crrgagedn dittascraping hrough he uscofautontatcddatascrapingplogrants. n so doing.the Doc DelindanlscircumvcntcdLinl(cdln's Scnlinelprogranl. \hich lirlits thc nunlberol-succcssivccqucsls ade y an I l ' addrcssr sctoJ l) addresscs.hcyalso ircuntvcntedhcfrdl ibit ionssct i)[h i Linl(cdln'sobols.rxti lc.

19. [ , i l lkcdln ni l ial ly dcnri l icdhcDoc DclrJr]dantsl iscondUothcn t obscrvocllhrtthousdndsl l irkcmcrnbcf ccountsadcolloot ivclyicwcdntany ncmbcfproll lcsn a shorlpcriod l t inrc. , inkcdlndctcrmincclhat hcuscr ccountswcrc lkc al lcrclose nspcctionl-dccounl olai ls cvc.rlcdlciupaltcnls l auk)nlat ioD., inkcdlD bscrvcdhat hcaul(nnalcdotslhalwerc' un,ringlrcsc akcaccouDts oul(lusccachaccoull(o viown snlal lnumbcr l pl l) l i lcs.thercby ypassingntlcircunrvcntiugjLlSlis pagc icw tcslr ict ions.nd henwoLrldrovc on ()thcncxt cgistercdcoounto vicw addit ional rol i les-

40. Linkedln onductcdr cxtensivenvcstigalionfthc I)oe )clend ants' isconduct.In lhccoufso f i ls nvcsligat iolr,1conlpi lcd prcadshcctsrackinghe P addrcsscssed y theDoc )elendants., inkedlnalso dellt i f icd rd catalogedl]e )oc I)ei indants' akenrcmbcrproii les,hc numbcr f lcgit imatc rof i lcs iowed y each akcmcmber, nd hcdales nd imcsol 'theDoc Delendanls'activily on thc Linkedln \\,cbsite. ,inkcdln disabled hc ti*e DrcmDefprolilcs and mplementcd dditional echnological al'eguardso protcclagainstunauthorizedacccss ()hc Linkedln site.

41. As a rcsult ofthis investigatio\ Linkedln dctct.mincdhat tlrc Doe Dcfirndantsaccessed inkedln using a cioud computingplatlonnoltcred by AmazofiWeb Sen,iccs ,,AWS").'fhis platform callcd ArnazonElasticComputcCllo[d or Amazon :C2 - allows users ikc theDoe Delendantso rcnt virtual computcrs n which to rn their own computorprogmnlsand

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applications.AmazonEC2 provides esizable omputingcapacity. fhis fcatureallo\r'susers )quickly scalecapacity,bothup and down. AmazonEC2 uscrsmay temporarily un hundrcds rthousaldsofvirtual computingmachines.The Doc l)eftndontsuscdAmazonEC2 to createvirtual machineso run automatcd ots o scrapcdata 'romLinkcdln's *,ebsite.

42. As a result l DoeDelendants'scofAnrazon C2, t , inkcdln xpectso beable oidentify hc )oc I)cfcndantsy servinglt ird-pa(ydiscovc|y n AWS.a I- inkcdln ntendso li lcnlotions o cxpcdite hesedi$corery requcsts.

Doc DclcndantsHavcCrusedand' l 'hrertcnOngoingand lrrcptrable Injury to Linkcdln43. I ly cng.Lgiugn thc data crapingncidcnts cscribcd bovc,hc )oc )eiendunts

hayc auscd, nd fnol halledwil l ooDtinuco cause, ngoin iandrreparablcarnt 0Linkcdln, nr variely l *ays.44. l hc hoLrsandsl l lke nlcnrbcr rol l lcs reirtocly thc DoeDelcnd ntsdisrupt nd

dcgradc-inkcd)n's itcandscNiccs y rcducinghcaccuracynd nlcgri lyol thc nlbrmationhcsitc corrlains. -inkcdln's nrcnlbcNcxpcct hc sitc to conlainaccuratc nd cgitirnatcprolcssi(nulprof l lcs nol usolessiot ions rolicdby ddtd crtpcrs.

45. lhc proscnccl l ir l(c rcnrbcr rol i lcs lso rnpairscgit irnatcncmbcrs'abil i ty 0idcnti lyvalidprofessidralcontncls.n pa(i0ular, ccause,inkcdln nables(snrcDrbcrso vicwwhichuscrs ave ie\\ .eclhcirprol i les,egit intatc inkedln scrswhoscproli lcshavcbccnviewed y a Doc )cfcnddnl singa fakcaccounlmaybc 0onlused r mislcdwhen heysec hatanunknown,itkcmember as icwed heirprol i lcs. ndced,, inkcdlnobscrlcd ome f i ts validmembers ltenpling to conncclwith these ikc nrember rofilcs afternoticiug hat hc fakcaccounls udvielved hcirprof i lcs.

46. l his type of poliulion to thc Lil)l(cdlnnetwork, l not haltcd, hreatens ngoilg andirrcparableharm o the Dlegrityofrhe Linkedln platfonn and Linkcdln's repulalion.Linkedln

a.See ttp://portal.aws.amazon.corr/gplaws/htnl-forms-controllcr/contactuvAWSAhuse#subpocna.sdetailingproceduresor scrviog hird-partydiscoveryon Amazon o obtain nformation elaling o "suspeclcd buscof AmaT-onllasticConpute Cloud(Amazon ,:C2)").

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also will suffcr ongoingand rreparablc ann o the valuc ofils consumer oodwill and rust,*.hich Linkedln hasworkcd hard or ycars o carn rndmaintain, l the Doc l)cfcndants'conductcontinues.

47. Irurther, y pil l i r ing mcmbcr ato rom thcLinkedli site, hc )oc Deienclanlsmisconducthrcatcnso degrade he aluo l l , inkcdln'sRecruiter roducL, hichLinkedlnhasinvestcd ubst.rnt ial lyn ovcr hc ycars.Or information ndbclicf, heDoc Dclcndants,ho havcirvested noncol-thcil ou,1l imc andrcsourccsnto developingand builcling he ,inkcdln platform.havccngagcd n thcir scrapingactivitics |r an altempl o cstablislr ompcting ccruitingwcbsitesandusurpLinkcdln's {ccruiter Kxluct.

4t i . ' lhe DoeDelendants' r isconc|.rolr lso irs nposedsignit ioanltrr inb nLinkcdJn's crvcrs,ncludinShroLlShhcuscol lutonlatcdechnoLogicso icw mauymt:rrrbcrprof i lcs. ' lhcI)ocI)c lcndarl ts ' i l legi t inratcprol i lov icwsjmpaircdl , in l (cdln'sal) i l i ty todcdiitsseNcrs ()suppor' l imghcactivi l ics l lcgit irnatc inkcdlnnrcnrbcrs.

4.). l . inkcdlnhi|s ul ' lcrcclr|nr o i ts compulcr yslcnrs,ndh s cxpcndod ignil icanthunun. ina cial.and cchnologicalcsourccs,ncluding u ndrcds l hours l crnplo)ccimc,invcsligat ingncl cspondingo thc )ocL)clcnchots'rnlawlir lct ivi l ios,t a cost10 . inkcdln l 'Drorchon j;5,000.

rl l ts l Cl,AIM I, 'Oll Rll l , l l l l 'Computcr -raudand AbuscAct, l t l U.S.C. 1030 l scq.

50. Linliedln realleges nd rcorporatcsby ref'ercncc ll ol lhe prcccding aragraphs.51. Linkcdln-s omputcrsndscrvcrs rc nvolvcd n iDlelslatcnd orcign onlrncrcc

andcommunicalion,ndareprotectedomlutefs ndcr18 U.S.C. 1030(e)(2).52. Ou inlbrmationand beliel, he Doe l)cfcndantsklowingly and ntcntionall],

ilccesscd i|kgdln's computcrsand scrvelswithout aulhodzationor in exoess fthe aulhorizationpermilledunderLinkedln's Uscr Agreenlent nd n circumventionofvadous tcchnicalbarriersincludingFUSF, Scntinel, he JCV systcm. hc robots.txtprotocol,aodadditiorral afeguardsLinkedln hasemployed o proteclLinkedln'scomputers nd scrvcrs rom unatrthodzed cccss.

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53. On nformationndbelief, ffcrgaining nauthorircdccsso Linkcdln'scomputersuldscruers,heDoeDcfcndarls btainedndused aluablenformatjonromLinkcdln'sprotectcdomputcrs ndseners n tlansaclionsnvolving nterstatc r forcigncommunicationsr violation f 18U.S.C.S 1030(a)(2).his nfornrationncludes, mong thcrthings,hecontcnts lmany Lintcdln membcr rofiles, nd hisuse,on inlbrmation ndbeliet,inuludcs.nrong lhcr hings. istributingh t contcnro6thcn,

5,1. l-lrcDoeDcfindants nowing)y, illf'ully. ndwithan ntent o dcfraud, cccsscdLinkcdln's omputcrsnd crvcrs ithout uthorizationr n cxcessfauthorizationnd btaincdvaluablenlbrnratioDiom .inkedln'somputcrsnd clvershat, n nlbrrnationncl cliel.hcDoe )clcndautsscdo obluin omcth ingl valucn violalionf l8 tJ.S.C. 1030(.rxa).55. Linkcdlihas uffercdarnagcnd oss y casonflhcsc iolations,ncluding,withoutLinril{ti(nl ufin to Linkcdln's olnpulcr ystcms,xl)clrsesssooiatcdith bcing brccdto nvcstigalcnd cspondo hcuflilrrthorizodcccssnd busc l ils computersno orvcrs,ulqothcr osscs nddanlgc n anarnounlo bcprovcn t rial, n cxccss f$5.000aggrcgdtcdvcr rorc yoar cfrod.

56. Inacldit ion,,inkedln as ullbrcdndwill continueo sul' lerrreparablcarm, ndils rcmedyll law snot tsclladcquntco compcnsatct for injuriesnllictcdby thc )ocDclcndnts, AcootclingLy,inkedlnscnti l lcdo njunclivcciicl '.

SIiCONDCI-AIM FOII RITLIEFCrlifornir Comprohcnsivoomputer ccesstndFraudAct,Cal. 'er l Codc$502t scq.

57. Linkcclln callcgesnd icorporatcs y feiercncell ol theprooedingeLragraphs.5ll. 'Ihc DoeDctbndanls rongfully blaincd ndused aluablenformationionr

Linkcdln's itc, sallcgedbovc.59. TheDocDel'endantsnor,vingly,raudrrlcntly,ndwithoulpermissionccessedr

causcdo beaccessedinkedln's omputcrs,omputcrystcms,nd/or omputer ctwork nvrolrtiun l(hl. PcnrlCodcS502(c)(7).

60. TheDoeDefendantsnowingly, raudulcntly,ndwithoutpcrmissionook, opiedalrd nade seofdata,and iles iom Linkedhr's onputers, omputer ystems,nd/or omputer

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net$,orl(s,ncluding o wrongfully ontrol uch ata,n violation fCal. PcnalCode$ 502(cXl)&(2).

61. lhc Doe Delendants norvingly, iaudulcntly,and rvithoul pcmrissiotr jsruptcdorcaLrsedhedisruption f l , inkedln'scomputcr crviceso authorizedsers l 'Linkedln'scompulgrs. olr]puter ystcors, nd/orcomputcrnctworks n viola tion of Cal. PenalCodeSs02(c)(5).

62. As a dircct andproxinratc csultol'lllc Doc Delendants'unlawtirlconduct, hc DoeDelendanls vc causcddamage o Linkedln n an anrounl o bc pro\.cnarl rial. Lil*edln is alsoentit ledo fccovcr ts rcasonablcttomey'sccspufsuanto California'enalCodc$502(c).

63. L, iukecLlnclicvcshat heDoc )cicndants' clswcre vil l l i r land naliciousn thalDelir ldants' ots cscf ibed bovewcrcdonowith thcdclibemtcntcul1o ulprovc lrcDocI)cl indanls' LrsiDcssl Linkcdln's xpensc. inkcdJns thc|clbre nl i t lccl )purl i l ivo arnagcs.

64. ln at ldit ion.-inkedln as ul l l . fcd nd 4il l continuc ( ' ul l ir i l fcpnrxblc arm, ndils rcnrcdy t lnw s nol lscl ladcquirtco conrpensc i l l i )r njr| l . icsnll ictcd y hc )ocDcl'cndants.ccordingly, inkcdlDs cntit lcclo ir, nct ivcrcl icl.

l t I l lU) cl,AIM IrOli Rli t , I l i l 'Viol l t iorts ol ' l 'bc l) igi(nl Mil lcDniumCopyrigh(Act, l7 U,S.C.S l2{)l ct scq.

65. l- inked)n eallcgesnd ncorporatcsy relcrencc l l ol thcprccoclingaragraphs.66. l, inkcdlrr mploys alious ycrso1 cchnologicalro(ecliors including IJSE.

Scntincl,hc JCVsystern, lheobots.txt rotocol, ndaddit ionalsafcguardsto prolectl-inkedln's computers nd scrr'crs iom unaulhorized ccess. fhcsc lcchnologioal rotcctionneasures i1 otivelycontrol acccss o drecopyrightedmatedalson Linkedln's servers,ncludingthe Lini


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safcguards andgajncdunauthorized ccesso i,inkedln's copyrightcd laterials, ncludingwilhout imitat ionhecopyrighled inkcdlnwcbsite,Dviolat ion)1 7 U.S.C. l20l(a).

68. As a resl l olthc Doc Dei'erldants'.ronglulacts, Linledln hassr.rffered.sconlinuingo sul ' fer, ndwil l continueo sullcrdarnagcso beprovcnal tr ial. Linkcdln s urthercntitlcd io all plollls attribulable o llre Doe Dcfcndants'$ronglul actsb be provenat trial.Alternatively,pon ls eleolion t any iolc bclofe ln al udgmcnts cnLercd., inkcdln s enli t lcdotccover latulu damagesi om theDoeDclcndarls ursuor'r l0 7 lJ.S.C. is 20J br each rol lc ircunrvcnlionommilted y thc )oc Dcfcndarnts.

69. lhc I)oeDelendintscircumvclrt ionslsohavc auscd inkcdln lrcparablelrn.lJl l lesseslraincdndenjolncd.hc [)oc )c]cndanls i l l conlinuo o olnmilsrich cts.l , inkcdln's enrcdicsl Ia$,arc () ladcqllatc) conrpcnsalet lor thcsc nl l ic lcdand hrc tcncdinjul ics, nd hus , inkcdln s 0ntit ledo injunct ivc cLicfas rr)vidcd y l7 t l .S.C.-s1203.

I. 'OUIt l ' I I CI,AIM I-OR It I | I , IEFllrcach of Col|ar{ct

70. Linkcdln callcgcs nd ncoqrol 'atcsy |clc|cncc l l of thcp|cceding arirgraphs.7t . t jsc ofthe l- i l l l (ccl ln cbsitc ndusool l- inkoclln crvioos rcgoverDcdy al)d

subjcct o thc [JscrAgrccnrcnt.12. Ljnkcdlnmeurbcrsrcprcsctrtcd ith hc ]scfAgfcemcnl ndmuslal l lrmativcly

accepthc JscrAgrcenrcnlo rcgistcrbf a l , inkcclln ccounl.1]. At al l rclcva|t inres. inkcdlnalsopr-orninentlyisplaycd l ink to the iscr

Agreemenl u Linkedln's ontepage.71. l he Doc DcfcndantscccsscdhcLinkedlnwcbsile rnd t l irnat ivelyacccltcd nd

agrccd o the UserAgrccmcnt o, amongolhcr things,crcatc lre ake nrcmbcrprolilcsthal cnabledtheDoe Deilndants o access inkedln userprofilesand scrape dta 'romLinkedln's \.vcbsile.

75. Ihe User Agrccmcnt s cnforceablc ndbiudingon the Doc Dcfcndanls.'76. 'l'heDoe Delendantsepeatedly ccesscdhe Linkcdlnwcbsitewith knowledgeof

the Uscr Agrccmenrandall ol'its prohibitions. Dcspite heir knowledgeol'thc UserAgrccmcntand ts prohibitions. he )oc l)clendantsauoesscd ndcontinue1() cccss he Linkcdln website o,

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amongothcr hings, scrape, rawl, or useotherautomatedcchnologyor softuarc o gainaccessothe Linkedtn *cbsitc without theconscntof Linkedln. Moreovcr, hc Doe Defendantsmaintaincdmorc thanone account indeed, housa[dsol'accounts)at anygiventimc. anddid not provide heirreal namcsor provide accurale nformation1o ,inkedln.

11. l,inkedln hasbeenunable o contacl hc Doc De|nddnts to dcmand hat theycease.1nd esist heir data scrapingand othcr -inkcdln-relatcd clivitiesbccause inkedll1docs totknow he deDti l ies l thc Doc Dcttndants.

78. l'hc l)oc Del'endants' ctions,us dcscribed bovc,havewillfully, repeatedly,urdsystenlatically reachedhe User Agreen'lcnt.

'19. Linkcdlnhaspcrformcd ll ooldit ions, ovcnanls,ndpromiscscquircd f i t inaccordancc ,ith thc User Aglccmcnt.

80. 'l'hc I)oc Dcfcndants' onducthasdanragcd,inkcdln, andcauscd nd continucs10causcncparablc nd ncalculablcarmand niury o l, inkcdln.

81. l- irkcdln scrl l i l lcd o irt iunct ivccl icl.cornpcnsaloryanla8cs,nd/or thcrcquitrblc elicl.

FIFTTICI,AIM FOR RI'LIEF'[ rcsptrss

82. Linkcdln callcgcs nd noolporatcsy relercncc l l of theprecedingafagraphs.81. ' l ' l lcl)oc I)clcndantsntcnt ionally,nclwilhoutauthofizat ion,cccsscclaud

interacted ith , inkcdln, rcludilrgwithoul inl i tat ion,, inkcdln'swebsitc, ompuler ystcDlsndsetvcts.

84. The Doe Delendants'aooesso l,inkedln and he nibrmationcontained hcrcinrcquired he Doe Delendants o abidcby thc [JserAgrccmenl. By violating he ermsofthc UscrAgreement, nd I-inkcdln's express ffons to combat heir activitics, he Doe Defbndantsunla*firlly gainedaccesso and ntcrl'ered Dd ntermeddlcdwifh Linkedln, ts websile, omputcrsystcms, nd ts servers.

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85. 'l he Doe Defcndanls'unauthorizgdnterlerencewith and accesso l-inkcdln, tswcbsite,computcrsystems, nd ts seNcrs,anong othcr'halms, educes ,inkcdln's capacity oservice ts uscrsbccauset occupies ndusesLinkedln's resources.

86. 'lhe DoeDefcndants' onductconstitutesrespasshat ha$harmedand willcontinuco hamr , inkedln.As a result . , inkccllDasbeen ndwil l continuco bedamagcd.

87. l,irtl


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94. Linkcdlnhas uffered ndwill continueo sufcr ineparablcnjury,and ts remedyat a$'isnot tselfadequateo comperNatet fbr injuriesnflictedby theDoeDefendants.

PRAYERT'ORRELIEFWIIEREFORE, inkedlnprays hatjudgment c e ered n its avorandagainst

theDocDcf'cndanls,s bllowsr1. A preliminarl,njunction ndpermancrltnjunclion njoinilgand

rcstrainingll DoeDefendants,heiremployecs,eprescntatives,gents,ndall personsr cntitiesactingn conccrtwith thcmduring hependcncyfthis action nd hereallercrpetuallyiomaccessingI usingLinkedln'swcbsjtc or any0onmercial ulposewhatsoever,

2. An ordcr c

linkedin v john does (bots case)

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