linking the past to the future - indian institutemarching towards glory • seeks to instill...
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Dr. M.G. Sreekumar
Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode
Linking the Past to the Future
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Dr. M.G. Sreekumar
Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode
Evolution of Indian Business
Linking the Past to the Future
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Indian Entrepreneurship
in
Historical Perspective
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Edwin F Gay’s stress on the
“disruptive innovative energy”
which breaks the
“cake of custom”
at a given point
in the “rhythm of history”,
still constitutes the
lowest common denominator in all the definitions
Entrepreneurial Behaviour
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Entrepreneurship
• Response to the disequilibrium between the perceivable opportunities and their exploitation at any point of time
• Entrepreneur - The organizer of factors of production - Recognized as the central figure in economic development
• Entrepreneurial initiative is one of the principal elements in the economic growth of a society
• Hallmarks - Capacity to perceive new economic opportunities and take appropriate action to exploit them
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• An evocative account of Indian entrepreneurship from the
dawn of civilization to the present
• Great Business and Economic Ideas that have Shaped
Commerce on the Indian Subcontinent
• Maps the trajectory of Indian enterprise with all its turns -
the Indian Business Saga
• Looks at the present transformed Indian economy which is
marching towards glory
• Seeks to instill confidence and inspire to push the envelope
of entrepreneurship
• A cultural background for work and a perspective to
training
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• Real global leaders need to learn to analyse the world with an
open mind and think in terms of global and historical
perspective
• Significant activities and exploits that defined the contours of
Indian business from time to time
• Activities and exploits that set the tone, influenced the trends,
and impacted the process of transition
• How people experience the present is based on their
understandings of the collective past and
• Is reflected in the range of meaningful choices they see
shaping the future
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2500 B.C.
Indus Valley
Civilization
4th Century A.D.
Gupta Dynasty
10th – 15th
Century A.D.
Invaders from
northwest:
Plundered wealth;
Never settled
1526 A.D.
Founding of
Mughal Dynasty
1600 A.D.
East India
Company
formed;
1619 A.D.
Trading Post
in Surat
1707 A.D.
Death of
Aurangazeb;
Mughal decline
begins
1757 A.D.
First major
EIC victory;
(Battle of
Plassey)
1857 A.D.
Sepoy
mutiny
1947 A.D.
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“The Source of the livelihood (vritti) of men is wealth (artha), in
other words, the earth inhabited by human beings. The science
which is the means of the acquisition and protection of earth is
Arthashastra”
Arthashastra, I5.1.1-2
“In the happiness of his subjects lies the King’s happiness, in
their welfare, his welfare. He shall not consider as good only
which pleased him but treat as beneficial to him whatever
pleases his subjects”
Arthashastra, I.19.34
Arthashastra : World’s First Manual in Political Economy
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1498
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Merchants of the Company with the Charter
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An Entry Showing Huge Amounts
of Trading in India
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1st Century CE : Periplus of the Erythrean Sea
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SEA-ME-WE 4
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1000
30
1500
25
1700
22.6
3.8
1952
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World Manufacturing Output: 1750 – 1938 (in %)
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India-UK Manufacturing Output:
Year : 1000 – 1938 (in %)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1000 1750 1800 1830 1880 1913 1938
India
UK
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India’s Ascent Through the Paradigm of
Seven Game Changers
• The green revolution of the sixties;
• The nationalization of banks in 1969;
• Operation flood in the seventies;
• The mid-day meal scheme of 1982;
• The economic liberalization of 1991;
• The software revolution of the nineties; and
• The passing of the Right to Information Act in
2005
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• Feel of the Need / Necessity, Convincement;
• Ideation, Conceptualization, Scope, Objectives;
• Storyboard – Timeline, Actors, Location/s, Event/s, Frame/s, Treatment of Subject;
• Statement of Specifications, Tendering…
• Identification of Party, Partner/s, Contractor/s...
• Planning, Preparation of Estimates, Schedules…
• Technical & Working Drawings;
• Content Development Workshops;
• Design, Implementation, Upkeep & Maintenance
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