links between the environment and human health bls environmental science
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Links Between the Environment and Human Health BLS Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e155503460f94affa45/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Links Between the Environment and Human Health
BLS Environmental Science
![Page 2: Links Between the Environment and Human Health BLS Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e155503460f94affa45/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Environmental Health
Part I
![Page 3: Links Between the Environment and Human Health BLS Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e155503460f94affa45/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Environmental Health
• Within the human environment, there are hazards that can make us sick, cut our lives short, or contribute in other ways to human misfortune.
• In the context of environmental health, a hazard is anything that can cause – 1) injury, disease, or death to humans– 2) damage to personal or public property– 3) deterioration or destruction of environmental
components.
![Page 4: Links Between the Environment and Human Health BLS Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e155503460f94affa45/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
How do you measure the Picture of Health?
• Unfortunately, measuring all these dimensions of health for a society is virtually impossible. Thus, to study environmental health, we will focus on disease and consider health to be simply the absence of disease.
![Page 5: Links Between the Environment and Human Health BLS Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e155503460f94affa45/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Public Health: How do you define it?
• Each state also has a health department, and most municipalities have health agents. In addition, there is a huge health care industry in the United States, with federal programs such as Medicare and Medicaid, hospitals, health maintenance organization, and local physician and other health professionals.
![Page 6: Links Between the Environment and Human Health BLS Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e155503460f94affa45/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Public Health: How do you define it?
• 1. Other Countries “Virtually every country has a similar ministry of health that acts on behalf of its people to manage and minimize health risks.”
• 2. Life Expectancy “In 1955, average life expectancy globally was 48 years. Today it is 68 years and rising gradually.”
• 3. Two Worlds “The countries of the world have undergone the epidemiologic transition to different degrees, with very different consequences.”
![Page 7: Links Between the Environment and Human Health BLS Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e155503460f94affa45/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Environmental Hazards
Part II
![Page 8: Links Between the Environment and Human Health BLS Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e155503460f94affa45/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Environmental Hazards
• There are two fundamental ways to consider hazards to human health.
• One is to regard the lack of access to necessary resources as a hazard.”
• Another way is to focus on the exposure to hazards in the environment.
![Page 9: Links Between the Environment and Human Health BLS Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e155503460f94affa45/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Cultural Hazards
• Many of the factors that contribute to mortality and disability are a matter of choice or at least can be influenced by choice. People engage in risky behavior and subject themselves to hazards.
![Page 10: Links Between the Environment and Human Health BLS Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e155503460f94affa45/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Cultural Hazards
![Page 11: Links Between the Environment and Human Health BLS Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e155503460f94affa45/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Biological Hazards
• Approximately one-fourth of global deaths are due to infectious and parasitic diseases.
![Page 12: Links Between the Environment and Human Health BLS Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e155503460f94affa45/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• Biological Hazards
![Page 13: Links Between the Environment and Human Health BLS Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e155503460f94affa45/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Tuberculosis
• Although AIDS has overtaken tuberculosis as the disease that causes the most adult deaths, tuberculosis continues to be a major killer.
![Page 14: Links Between the Environment and Human Health BLS Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e155503460f94affa45/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Tuberculosis
![Page 15: Links Between the Environment and Human Health BLS Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e155503460f94affa45/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Malaria
• Of the infectious diseases present in the tropics, malaria is by far the most serious, accounting for an estimated 247 million cases each year and 881,000 deaths.
• See Figure 17.6
![Page 16: Links Between the Environment and Human Health BLS Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e155503460f94affa45/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Physical Hazards
• Natural disasters—including hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, forest fires, earthquakes, landslides, and volcanic eruptions—take a toll of human life and property every year. They are the outcome of hydrological, meteorological, or geological forces.
![Page 17: Links Between the Environment and Human Health BLS Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e155503460f94affa45/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Physical Hazards
• Natural disasters include hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, fires, earthquakes, landslides, and volcanic eruptions– The result of hydrological, meteorological, or geological
forces• Unimaginably dreadful events occurred in 2004-2005– The Indian Ocean tsunami, Hurricane Katrina, Pakistan’s
earthquake• Some hazards can’t be anticipated (tornadoes,
earthquakes)– Others occur because of where people decide to live.
![Page 18: Links Between the Environment and Human Health BLS Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e155503460f94affa45/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Physical Hazards
![Page 19: Links Between the Environment and Human Health BLS Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e155503460f94affa45/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Links Between the Environment and Human Health BLS Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e155503460f94affa45/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Out of Nowhere• The U.S. has 780 tornadoes/year, more than
any other place– They are spawned from severe weather– Winds can reach 300 mph– They can kill hundreds
• Some natural disasters are unavoidable– Earthquake-resistant buildings can be constructed– Tsunami early warnings are increasing
• The poor are the least capable of anticipating and dealing with disasters
![Page 21: Links Between the Environment and Human Health BLS Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e155503460f94affa45/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
In Harm’s Way• Much loss from natural disasters is due to poor
environmental stewardship– Deforested hillsides– Building on floodplains, below volcanoes, on geologic
faults, marshes, and mangrove forests
• People assume disasters happen to other people– They take risks to live in desirable places
• Stupid zones could be created for areas that shouldn’t be built– Areas prone to hurricanes, earthquakes, volcanoes,
etc.
![Page 22: Links Between the Environment and Human Health BLS Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e155503460f94affa45/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Chemical Hazards• Industrialization has resulted in technologies that
use chemicals– Cleaning agents, pesticides, fuels, medicines, paints,
etc.• Exposure is through ingestion, breathing, the
skin, direct use, or by accident• Toxicity: condition of being harmful, deadly, or
poisonous– Depends on exposure and dose (the amount
absorbed)• Different people have different thresholds of
toxicity– Children and embryos are most sensitive
![Page 23: Links Between the Environment and Human Health BLS Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e155503460f94affa45/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Carcinogens• Many chemicals are hazardous even at very low
levels– Heavy metals, organic solvents, pesticides
• Acute poisoning episodes are understandable and preventable– But it is hard to determine effects of long-term
exposure to low levels of substances • Carcinogens: cancer-causing agents– Cancer develops over decades, so it is hard to connect
cause with the effect– There are 51 known and 188 suspected carcinogens
• Developing nations have rising exposure to chemicals