A Report onRedhat Enterprise Linux Server

Organization:Network NutsDelhiPremier PartnerGlobal Exam CenterRedhat Inc, USA

By:Yogesh Kr. Sharma(RHCE) CS- Final YearSSITM, Aligarhyks0000@gmail.com

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Unix

Unix is a multi-user, multi-tasking operating system.

Many users logged into a system simultaneously, each running many programs.

It's the Console based Operating system.

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History of Linux/UnixFirst Version was created in Bell Labs in 1969.Some of the Bell Labs programmers who had worked on this project, Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Rudd Canaday, and Doug McIlroy It was given the name UNIX by Brian Kernighan. 00:00:00 Hours, Jan 1, 1970 is time zero for UNIX. It is also called as epoch.1973 Unix is re-written mostly in C, a new language developed by Dennis Ritchie. Being written in this high-level language greatly decreased the effort needed to port it to new machines.

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History of LinuxLinux is a free Unix-type operating system originally created by Linus Torvalds with the assistance of developers around the world by using UNIX Source Code. It originated in 1991 as a personal project of Linus Torvalds, a Finnish graduate student.The Kernel version 1.0 was released in 1994 and today the most recent stable version is 2.6.9Developed under the GNU General Public Licence, the source code for Linux is freely available to everyone. Various Linux Distribution like Redhat, Ubuntu, Mandrake, HP-AIX. (Redhat Known to be Market Leader)

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UNIX Structure

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Linux File System Table

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File SystemThe Unix file system looks like an inverted tree structure. You start with the root directory, denoted by /, at the top and work down through sub-directories underneath it.Each node is either a file or a directory of files, where the latter can contain other files and directories. The full path name starts with the root, /, and follows the branches of the file system, each separated by /, until you reach the desired file, e.g.:

/home/yogesh/source/ssitm

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User Group and Permission

Apart from all the users, there is a special user called the root which has permission to access any file and directory.

There are three permissions for any file, directory or application program.

r — Indicates that a given category of user can read a file.

w — Indicates that a given category of user can write to a file.

x — Indicates that a given category of user can execute the file.

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Basic Commands for Browsing the Linux

pwd (Present Working Directory)cd (Change Directory)ls (List Directory content)cp (Copy File)mv (Rename and Move)rm (Remove)mkdir (Make Empty Directory)touch (Create Empty File)cat (Content of file)

Editors in LinuxVi

Eg: vi /etc/passwdVim

Eg: vim /etc/passwdNano

Eg: nano /etc/passwdGedit

Eg: gedit /etc/passwd

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Terminal – A Linux Command Arena

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Feature of RHELA Number of User can login simultaneously and can run number of process simultaneouslyProvide multi-desktop environmentProvide Name Virtual HostingPackaging i.e. RPM ( Red hat Package Manager)Security i.e. no effect of Virus having .exe .dll and many more extensionVirtual Router Networking i.e. IP ForwardingKICKSTART INSTALLATION

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Linux say NO to Windows Blue Screen Error

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Servers and Services in Linux

ServicesSuCrontabRemote DesktopNetwork Time ProtocolSSHQUOTAACL (Access Control List)

ServerDNS(Domian Name Server)DHCP (Dynamic Host Conf. Protocol)FTP (File Transfer Protocols)NFS (Network File Sharing)SAMBA SERVERHTTPPROXY (SQUID)MAIL SERVER

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Brief Introduction Of ServersDNS

Named as Domain Name Server will convert FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name) to IP and vice versa

Install Package: bind, bind-chroot, caching name serverConfig file: named.confPort No: 53 (UDP)Service : named, network

DHCPNamed as Dynamic host Configuration Protocols will be used to

provide IP to client system which is requesting for IP by having its MAC Address (Mandatory Access Control) or Physical Address

Install Package: dhcpConfig File: dhcpd.confPort No: 67Service: dhcpd

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Contd..FTP

Named as File Transfer Protocols is used to transfer file in the network . Network may be Internet, Intranet

Install Package : vsFTP (Very Secure FTP)Config File : vsftpd.confPort No: 20(Data) , 21 (Control) (TCP/UDP)Service : vsftpd

NFSNamed as Network File Sharing is used to share file in the

network . Network may be Internet, Intranet

Install Package : nfs-utilsConfig File : exportsService : nfs, portmap

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Contd..SAMBA

Named as SAMBA is used to shared the file between Windows and Linux OS.

Install Package : sambaConfig File : smb.confService : smb

HTTPNamed as Hyper Text Transfer Protocols is used to host the web-

server.Also support Name Virtual Host and work on APACHEInstall Package : httpdConfig File : httpd.confPort No: 80Service : httpd

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Contd..PROXY

Named as Proxy Server is used to restrict Internet to single port.

Install Package : squidConfig File : squid.confPort No: 3128, 8080Service : squid

MAIL SERVERNamed as Mail Server is used to create mail server in the

Network . Network may be Internet, IntranetEg: root@xyz.com

Install Package : sendmailConfig File : sendmail.mc , sendmail.cfPort No: 25Service : sendmail

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Major USER of Linux

95% of Banks World Wide including RBIFor more:

http://customers.redhat.com

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Questions & Answers

THANK

YOU