lipids: a large and varied group of organic compounds. lipids include: triglycerides
TRANSCRIPT
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Lipids: a large and varied group of organic compounds.
Lipids include:
Triglycerides
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Lipids: a large and varied group of organic compounds.
Triglycerides include Phospholipids
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Triglycerides consist of one molecule of glycerol bonded to three fatty acid molecules
Each fatty acid is linked to the glycerol molecule by an ester bond
C C C
H
OH
H
H H
H
OH OH
Glycerol
Hydroxyl groups
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Fatty Acids:
General Formula: CH3 (CH2)n C
O
OH
Carboxyl group
H C C C
H
H
H H
H H
C C C
H
H
H H
H H
C
O
OH
CH3 CH2
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H C C C
H
H
H H
H H
C C C
H
H
H H
H H
C
O
OH
Can be drawn as:
C
O
OH
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A cis fatty acid
A trans fatty acid
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LDL bad
HDL good
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Forming a monoglyceride:
C
C
C
H OH
H
H
H
H
OH
OH
C
O
OH
C
C
C
H OH
H
H
H
H
OH
O C
O
+ H2O
Ester bond
Hydroxyl group and carboxyl group react
This is a condensation reaction
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C
C
C
H O
H
H
H
H
O
O C
O
C
O
C
O
A triglyceride:
Can be drawn as:G
lyce
rol
Fatty acid
Fatty acid
Fatty acid
Ester bond
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To split these ester bonds and separate a fatty acid from glycerol we need to add a molecule of water
C
C
C
H OH
H
H
H
H
OH
O C
O
+ H2O
C
C
C
H OH
H
H
H
H
OH
OH
C
O
OH
This is a hydrolysis reaction
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Lipids: a large and varied group of organic compounds.
Lipids include: Cholesterol
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Uses of Lipids in Living Things
1. Long-term energy stores
Human Adipose Tissue Plant Oils
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2. Buoyancy for marine animals: lipids are less dense than water so help animals float
3. Insulation: a layer of fat beneath the skin cuts down heat loss
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4. Production of water: fatty acids produce a lot of metabolic water when they are oxidised during respiration
e.g. C17H35COOH + 26 O2 18 CO2 + 18 H2O (a typical fatty acid)
Camels’ humps are made of fat