lipids: fats & oils · lipids lipids are composed of c, h, o long hydrocarbon chain diverse...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Lipids: Fats & Oils · Lipids Lipids are composed of C, H, O long hydrocarbon chain Diverse group FATS fat AP Biology PHOSPHOLIPIDS STEROIDS Not true polymers big molecules made of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051809/6014d9cff4545b529d559da8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Lipids: Fats & Oils
AP Biology
![Page 2: Lipids: Fats & Oils · Lipids Lipids are composed of C, H, O long hydrocarbon chain Diverse group FATS fat AP Biology PHOSPHOLIPIDS STEROIDS Not true polymers big molecules made of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051809/6014d9cff4545b529d559da8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Lipids
AP Biology 2006-2007
energy storage
![Page 3: Lipids: Fats & Oils · Lipids Lipids are composed of C, H, O long hydrocarbon chain Diverse group FATS fat AP Biology PHOSPHOLIPIDS STEROIDS Not true polymers big molecules made of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051809/6014d9cff4545b529d559da8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Lipids � Lipids are composed of C, H, O
� long hydrocarbon chain
� Diverse group� FATS
fat
AP Biology
FATS� PHOSPHOLIPIDS� STEROIDS
� Not true polymers� big molecules made of smaller subunits� not a continuing chain
![Page 4: Lipids: Fats & Oils · Lipids Lipids are composed of C, H, O long hydrocarbon chain Diverse group FATS fat AP Biology PHOSPHOLIPIDS STEROIDS Not true polymers big molecules made of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051809/6014d9cff4545b529d559da8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Lipids � Hydrophobic, not soluble in
water� Vary in form and function fat
AP Biology
![Page 5: Lipids: Fats & Oils · Lipids Lipids are composed of C, H, O long hydrocarbon chain Diverse group FATS fat AP Biology PHOSPHOLIPIDS STEROIDS Not true polymers big molecules made of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051809/6014d9cff4545b529d559da8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
FATS� Structure:
� glycerol (3C alcohol) + fatty acid� fatty acid =
long HC “tail” with COOH group at “head”
AP Biology
dehydration synthesis
enzyme
![Page 6: Lipids: Fats & Oils · Lipids Lipids are composed of C, H, O long hydrocarbon chain Diverse group FATS fat AP Biology PHOSPHOLIPIDS STEROIDS Not true polymers big molecules made of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051809/6014d9cff4545b529d559da8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Building Fats� Triacylglycerol (aka “triglycerol”)
� 3 fatty acids linked to glycerol� ester linkage = between OH (hydroxyl) &
COOH (carboxyl) groups
AP Biology
![Page 7: Lipids: Fats & Oils · Lipids Lipids are composed of C, H, O long hydrocarbon chain Diverse group FATS fat AP Biology PHOSPHOLIPIDS STEROIDS Not true polymers big molecules made of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051809/6014d9cff4545b529d559da8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Dehydration synthesis
dehydration synthesis
AP Biology
enzyme
enzyme
enzyme
![Page 8: Lipids: Fats & Oils · Lipids Lipids are composed of C, H, O long hydrocarbon chain Diverse group FATS fat AP Biology PHOSPHOLIPIDS STEROIDS Not true polymers big molecules made of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051809/6014d9cff4545b529d559da8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Fats store energy� Long HC chain
� polar or non-polar?� hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
� Function:
AP Biology
� Function:� energy storage
� very rich� 2x carbohydrates
� cushion organs� insulates body
� think whale blubber!
![Page 9: Lipids: Fats & Oils · Lipids Lipids are composed of C, H, O long hydrocarbon chain Diverse group FATS fat AP Biology PHOSPHOLIPIDS STEROIDS Not true polymers big molecules made of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051809/6014d9cff4545b529d559da8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Saturated fats� All C bonded to H� No C=C double bonds
� long, straight chain (tightly packed!)� most animal fats
AP Biology
most animal fats � solid at room temp.
� contributes to cardiovascular disease (atherosclerosis) = plaque deposits
![Page 10: Lipids: Fats & Oils · Lipids Lipids are composed of C, H, O long hydrocarbon chain Diverse group FATS fat AP Biology PHOSPHOLIPIDS STEROIDS Not true polymers big molecules made of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051809/6014d9cff4545b529d559da8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Unsaturated fats� C=C double bonds in
the fatty acids� plant & fish fats � vegetable oils
AP Biology
� liquid at room temperature� the kinks made by double
bonded C prevent the molecules from packing tightly together
![Page 11: Lipids: Fats & Oils · Lipids Lipids are composed of C, H, O long hydrocarbon chain Diverse group FATS fat AP Biology PHOSPHOLIPIDS STEROIDS Not true polymers big molecules made of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051809/6014d9cff4545b529d559da8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Saturated vs. unsaturatedsaturated unsaturated
AP Biology
![Page 12: Lipids: Fats & Oils · Lipids Lipids are composed of C, H, O long hydrocarbon chain Diverse group FATS fat AP Biology PHOSPHOLIPIDS STEROIDS Not true polymers big molecules made of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051809/6014d9cff4545b529d559da8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Phospholipids � Structure:
� glycerol + 2 fatty acids + PO4
� PO4 negatively charged
AP Biology
![Page 13: Lipids: Fats & Oils · Lipids Lipids are composed of C, H, O long hydrocarbon chain Diverse group FATS fat AP Biology PHOSPHOLIPIDS STEROIDS Not true polymers big molecules made of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051809/6014d9cff4545b529d559da8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Phospholipids� Hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
� fatty acid tails = hydrophobic� PO4 = hydrophilic head� dual “personality”
AP Biology
interaction with H 2O is complex & very important !
![Page 14: Lipids: Fats & Oils · Lipids Lipids are composed of C, H, O long hydrocarbon chain Diverse group FATS fat AP Biology PHOSPHOLIPIDS STEROIDS Not true polymers big molecules made of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051809/6014d9cff4545b529d559da8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Phospholipids in water� Hydrophilic heads attracted to H 2O� Hydrophobic tails “hide” from H 2O
� can self-assemble into “bubbles” � bubble = “micelle”
AP Biology
� can also form bilayer� early evolutionary stage of cell?
bilayer
![Page 15: Lipids: Fats & Oils · Lipids Lipids are composed of C, H, O long hydrocarbon chain Diverse group FATS fat AP Biology PHOSPHOLIPIDS STEROIDS Not true polymers big molecules made of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051809/6014d9cff4545b529d559da8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Why is this important?� Phospholipids create a barrier in water
� define outside vs. inside� cell membranes
AP Biology
![Page 16: Lipids: Fats & Oils · Lipids Lipids are composed of C, H, O long hydrocarbon chain Diverse group FATS fat AP Biology PHOSPHOLIPIDS STEROIDS Not true polymers big molecules made of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051809/6014d9cff4545b529d559da8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Phospholipids & cells� Phospholipids of cell membrane
� double layer = bilayer� hydrophilic heads on outside
� in contact with aqueous solution outside of cell and inside of cell
� hydrophobic tails on inside
AP Biology
� hydrophobic tails on inside� form core
� forms barrier between cell & external environment
![Page 17: Lipids: Fats & Oils · Lipids Lipids are composed of C, H, O long hydrocarbon chain Diverse group FATS fat AP Biology PHOSPHOLIPIDS STEROIDS Not true polymers big molecules made of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051809/6014d9cff4545b529d559da8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Steroids� ex: cholesterol, sex hormones� 4 fused C rings
� different steroids created by attachingdifferent functional groups to rings
AP Biology
cholesterol
![Page 18: Lipids: Fats & Oils · Lipids Lipids are composed of C, H, O long hydrocarbon chain Diverse group FATS fat AP Biology PHOSPHOLIPIDS STEROIDS Not true polymers big molecules made of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051809/6014d9cff4545b529d559da8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Cholesterol� Important cell component
� animal cell membranes� precursor of all other steroids
� including vertebrate sex hormones
AP Biology
� high levels in blood may contribute to cardiovascular disease
![Page 19: Lipids: Fats & Oils · Lipids Lipids are composed of C, H, O long hydrocarbon chain Diverse group FATS fat AP Biology PHOSPHOLIPIDS STEROIDS Not true polymers big molecules made of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051809/6014d9cff4545b529d559da8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Cholesterol
helps keep
Important component of cell membrane
AP Biology
helps keep cell membranes fluid & flexible
![Page 20: Lipids: Fats & Oils · Lipids Lipids are composed of C, H, O long hydrocarbon chain Diverse group FATS fat AP Biology PHOSPHOLIPIDS STEROIDS Not true polymers big molecules made of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051809/6014d9cff4545b529d559da8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
From Cholesterol →→→→ Sex Hormones� What a big difference a few atoms can make!
AP Biology
![Page 21: Lipids: Fats & Oils · Lipids Lipids are composed of C, H, O long hydrocarbon chain Diverse group FATS fat AP Biology PHOSPHOLIPIDS STEROIDS Not true polymers big molecules made of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051809/6014d9cff4545b529d559da8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Let’s build some
Lipids!
AP Biology