liquefaction susceptibility mapping for selected urban areas in … · 2020. 5. 28. ·...

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LIQUEFACTION SUSCEPTIBLITY MAPPING FOR SELECTED URBAN AREAS IN THE CENTRAL PUGET SOUND REGION, WASHINGTON

ABSTRACT

Final Technical Report

Award Number 99HQGR0073

Stephen P. Palmer Washington Department of Natural Resources

Division of Geology and Earth Resources 1111 Washington Street SE

P.O. Box 47007 Olympia, WA 98504-7007

Voice: (360) 902-1437 Fax: (360) 902-1785

E-mail: [email protected]

Wi II iam J. Perkins Shannon and Wilson, Inc. 400 North 34th Street Seattle, WA 98103 Voice: (206) 633-6879 Fax: (206) 633-6777 E-mail: [email protected]

W. Paul Grant PanGeo, Inc. 3414 Northeast 55th Street Seattle, WA 98105 Voice: (206) 262-0370 Fax: (206) 262-0374 E-mai I: [email protected]

We have developed and published a liquefaction susceptibility map for the greater Tacoma urban area of Pierce and King Counties, Washington. The study area consists of the Tacoma South and Puyallup 7.5-minute quadrangles and those portions of the Tacoma North, Gig Harbor, Steilacoom, and Poverty Bay quadrangles east of the Puget Sound. The map is intended to provide building officials, land-use planners, emergency-response personnel, engineering consultants, building owners and developers, insurance providers, and private citizens with an estimate of the likelihood the soil will liquefy as a result of strong earthquake shaking. Both printed and on-line versions of this map can be obtained through the Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources web page (http://www.dnr.wa.gov/geology/).

In this report we have included digital databases of geotechn ical boring data from both the Tacoma and Everett urban areas. The Tacoma geotechnical database was used in developing the liquefaction susceptibility map, as documented in the report that accompanies this map. We have also included the logs and laboratory test data for four geotechnical borings drilled into sandy Fraser age recessional outwash and Jake deposits in the Tacoma area. Also included in this report is the results from a shallow shear wave refraction survey performed at one of the drill sites.

LmFtAt,Y' DEPT. OF l\ o,T:JP.i\L r~esoURCfS

GEC,_1:i~: y ~ EAR.TH t!ESOURC~S DIVISIC'N Ol VM'~lA. Wf. .. C!3$C'4 -7007

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The liquefaction susceptibility map has been used by various local agencies with the cities of Tacoma, Puyallup, and Lakewood, and Pierce County, to assist in building permitting, land-use planning, and emergency management activities. Th is map has also been used in earthquake loss evaluations including tbe King/Pierce County Project Impact transportation vulnerability study and the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERJ) Seattle Fault scenario. The Tacoma area database was also used by other researchers for evaluation of lateral spread hazards for the EERJ Seattle Fault scenario.

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Stephen P. Palmer Washington Department of Natural Resources


P.O. Box 47007 Olympia, WA 98504-7007

Voice: (360) 902-1437 Fax: (360) 902-1785


Will iam J. Perkins Shannon and Wilson, Inc. 400 North 34th Street Seattle, WA 98103 Voice: (206) 633-6879 Fax: (206) 633-6777 E-mail: [email protected]

W. Paul Grant PanGeo, Inc. 3414 Northeast 55th Street Seattle, WA 98105 Voice: (206) 262-0370 Fax: (206) 262-0374 E-mail: [email protected]


ABSTRACT



Stephen P. Palmer Washington Department ofNatural Resources


P.O. Box 47007 Olympia, WA 98504-7007

Voice: (360) 902-143 7 Fax: (360) 902-1785


William J. Perkins Shannon and Wilson, Inc. 400 North 34th Street Seattle, WA 98103 Voice: (206) 633-6879 Fax: (206) 633-6777 E-mail: [email protected]

W. Paul Grant Pan Geo, Inc. 3414 Northeast 55th Street Seattle, WA 98105 Voice: (206) 262-0370 Fax: (206) 262-0374 E-mail: [email protected]

We have developed and published a liquefaction susceptibi lity map for the greater Tacoma urban area of Pierce and King Counties, Washington. The study area consists of the Tacoma South and Puyallup 7.5-minute quadrangles and those portions of the Tacoma North, Gig Harbor, Steilacoom, and Poverty Bay quadrangles east of the Puget Sound. The map is intended to provide building officials, land-use planners, emergency-response personnel, engineering consultants, building owners and developers, insurance providers, and private citizens with an estimate of the likelihood the soil will liquefy as a result of strong earthquake shaking. Both printed and on-line versions of this map can be obtained through the Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources web page (http://www.dnr.wa.gov/geology/).

ln this report we have included digital databases of geotechnical boring data from both the Tacoma and Everett urban areas. The Tacoma geotechnical database was used in developing the liquefaction susceptibility map, as documented in the report that accompanies this map. We have also included the logs and laboratory test data for four geotechnical borings drilled into sandy Fraser age recessional outwash and lake deposits in the Tacoma area. Also included in this report is the results from a shallow shear wave refraction survey performed at one of the drill sites.

The liquefaction susceptibility map has been used by various local agencies with the cities of Tacoma, Puyallup, and Lakewood, and Pierce County, to assist in building permitting, land-use planning, and emergency management activities. This map has also been used in earthquake loss evaluations including the King/Pierce County Project Impact transportation vulnerability study and the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) Seattle Fault scenario. The Tacoma area database was also used by other researchers for evaluation of lateral spread hazards for the EERl Seattle Fault scenario.

INTRODUCTION

This project was originally accepted for a two year continuation. The del iverables for the first year of the project were the completed and published liquefaction susceptibility map for the Tacoma urban area, completion of the geotechnical boring databases for the Tacoma and Everett areas, and geotechnical investigations of sandy glacial Jake deposits in the Tacoma study area. The major deliverables for the second year were the publication of the Everett urban area liquefaction susceptibility map, and dissemination of the mapping products and databases developed during the project.

The schedule for the production of the Tacoma liquefaction susceptibility map was predicated on the completion and release of I :24,000-scale geologic mapping that was underway at the time of the grant proposal submission. After receiving approval of the grant, we found that the completion date for this geologic mapping was substantially delayed for reasons beyond our control. We obtained extensions to this first year of the project, and were finally able to complete the required tasks and deliverables. However, by the time that this work was completed, two of the co-principal investigators were not available to continue the second year of the project. Consequently, this report only documents the work completed on the first year of the project.

TACOMA LIQUEFACTION SUSCEPTIBILITY MAP

The liquefaction susceptibility map presented as an attachment to this report was based on available I :24,000-scale geologic mapping and the analysis of 502 geotechnical borings obtained from local government agencies, the Washington State Department of Transportation, and a database used in a previous liquefaction hazard mapping project in the Tacoma area. Six categories of geologic deposits found in the Tacoma urban area were assigned a relative liquefaction hazard rating determined through analysis of the geotechnical data and geological characterization. A sixth category composed of areas underlain by Holocene peat is also shown on the liquefaction susceptibil ity map.

A high liquefaction susceptibility was assigned to the fill area covering the former tide flats of Commencement Bay and recent (mid- to late Holocene) alluvial deposits of the Puyallup Valley and Chambers Creek drainage. Areas underlain by Holocene landslide debris and beach deposits were considered to have a low to moderate susceptibility based on results from previous

liquefaction hazard mapping in the Puget Sound region. Sandy glacial outwash and ice-contact deposits from the recession of the latest Pleistocene continental glaciation (-13,000 years ago) were also regarded as having a low to moderate liquefaction susceptibility. Quantitative evaluation of geotechnical data obtained from all other Pleistocene deposits indicated a very low susceptibility to liquefaction. Peat deposits cannot liquefy, but may be subject to significant strength loss and both transient and permanent vertical and lateral displacement caused by ground shaking . Also, sand layers interbedded with the peat deposits may be liquefiable.

The technical evaluation used in generating the liquefaction susceptibility map of the Greater Tacoma urban area is documented in an accompanying report. Both printed and on-line versions of this map and its technica l report can be obtained through the Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources web page (http://www.dnr.wa.gov/geology/). A digital copy of the liquefaction susceptibility map and report are included in Adobe Acrobat format (pdf file) in the compact disk included with th is report.

TACOMA AND EVERETT GEOTECHNICAL BORING DATABASES

A database of 504 geotechnical boring data was developed for the technical evaluation used in producing the Tacoma area liquefaction susceptibil ity map (Palmer and others, 2003). The boring logs and test data were obtained from geotechnical reports collected from a variety of public agencies, includ ing the Port of Tacoma, the Tacoma and Puyallup building departments, the Pierce County public works department, and the Washington State Department of Transportation. A similar geotechnical database of 358 borings was developed for the Everett urban area from reports collected from the Port of Everett, city of Everett and Snohomish County public works departments, and the Washington State Department of Transportation.

The database is presented in Access 2000 format and as a series of three comma-delimited ASCII text files on the compact disk included with this report. The database is composed of three tables: Boringlnformation, BoringData, and BoringLocation. ln general, each of the compiled reports contains a number of geotechnical borings drilled to investigate a particular site location. The geologic descriptions presented in the boring logs have been summarized and basic data (for example, SPT blow counts, groundwater depth, etc.) have been entered into the database. Additionally gradation and Atterberg limits test data, when available, have been entered into the database.

The table Boringlnformation contains basic information regarding the geotechnical report and a particular boring documented in that report. Each geotechnical boring in this database is assigned a unique identifier within the field BoringlD, which relates data in tables Boringlnformation, BoringData and BoringLocation. A unique identifier within the field ReportJO, which relates data in tables Boringlnformation and BoringLocation, identifies each geotechnical report in this database. Latitude and longitude locations presented in table BoringLocation refer to the location of the individual borings and are based on the GRS80 ellipsoid. Appendix A provides an overview of the database structure, summarizing the names, data types, field size, and description of each field in the three tables. The number of records in each of the three tables is also provided in this appendix.

DRILLING INVESTIGATION OF SANDY FRASER AGE GLACIAL DEPOSITS

Four borings were drilled in sandy Fraser age glacial outwash deposits in the northern portion of the study area to characterize their geology and geotechnical properties. The following table presents the boring identification numbers and locations (both latitude/longitude and street address). The logs of these borings and gradations performed on selected samples are presented in Appendix B.

Boring Latitude Longitude (WGS84) Street Address Identification (WGS84)

Twin Lakes Elementary School H-1-01 47.31687 -122.38772 4400 SW 320th St

Federal Wav, WA Twin Lakes Elementary School

H-2-01 47.31658 -122.38940 4400 SW 320th St Federal Way, WA

H-3-01 47.301 I 7 -122.40053 North shoulder ofNorthshore Parkway, east of intersection with Nassau Road

H-4-01 47.30513 -122.40806 Dash Point well field, east of Northpoint Way NE at its intersection with Chinook Drive NE

The borings drilled at Twin Lakes Elementary School (H-1-01 and H-2-01) encountered approximately 15 to 20 feet ( 4.5 to 6 m) of medium dense silty sand overlying at least 30 to 35 feet (9 to 12.5 m) of dense to very dense, clean sandy gravel or gravelly sand. Scattered thin laminated plastic silt beds within this lower section indicated that it was deposited in a proglacial lake environment. The sands in the lower unit had a particular salt and pepper coloration, which in the Seattle area is common in the Esperance Sand, an Fraser age advance outwash that filled a large proglacial lake proximal to the advancing ice front. Only this lower dense sand and gravel unit was encountered in H-3-01, again exhibiting the salt and pepper coloration in the sand fraction. We interpret that this lower dense sand and gravel unit is a Fraser age advance outwash correlative with the Esperance Sand.

Boring H-4-01 , drilled in the Dash Point well field, consisted of more than 35 (11 m) feet of clean sandy gravel, based on the results of our drilling and the logs of the water wells in this well field. This deposit sits in a topographically low canyon incised into the predominantly sand deposits observed in borings H-1-01 , H-2-01 , and H-3-01. We interpret this gravel to be Fraser age recessional outwash deposited in a topographic depression carved into the older Esperance Sand equivalents by glacial excavation or sub-glacial meltwater erosion. The upper silty sand unit encountered in the Twin Lakes Elementary School boring is interpreted as having been

deposited during the highstand of a proglacial lake during the recessional phase of the Fraser glaciation.

A shear wave refraction survey was performed adjacent to the location of boring H-2-01 at Twin Lakes Elementary School to further characterize the properties of the sandy glacial outwash at this site. The results of thjs survey are presented in Appendix C. This profile shows that the upper 5 to 6 m (16 to 20 ft) is comprised of material with a shear wave velocity of about 280 m/sec (920 ft/sec). Beneath this layer the material has a shear wave velocity of approximately 615 m/sec (2020 ft/sec). The upper layer velocity is typical of Fraser age recessional outwash sand and silt deposits, whereas the higher velocity of the underlying unit is more representative of sand that has been compacted by glacial ice loading. The results from this survey support our interpretation of the near surface geology at Twin Lakes Elementary School.

INFORMATION DISSEMENA TION

The liquefaction susceptibility map for the greater Tacoma urban area of Pierce and King Counties, Washington has been published and is available in both printed and on-line versions through the Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources web page (http://www.dnr. wa.gov/geology/). This map had been provided to a number of local government organizations to assist in earthquake hazard mitigation, disaster planning, and enforcement of building ordinances. These organizations include the Pierce and King County emergency management agencies, the Pierce County and city of Lakewood planning agencies, and the building departments of Pierce County and the cities of Tacoma, Lakewood, and Puyallup. This map has also been used in the transportation vulnerability study performed as part of the King/Pierce County Project Impact program, and in evaluation of earthquake effects for the Engineering Earthquake Research Institute (EERJ) Seattle Fault scenario. The Tacoma urban area database was also used by other researchers for evaluation of lateral spread hazards for the EERJ Seattle Fault scenario. Printed versions of this map has also been distributed to a number of members of the public through request, and will continue to be available for the foreseeable future.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PUBLICATIONS RESULTING FROM TIDS GRANT

Palmer, Stephen P.; Perkins, William J.; Grant, W. Paul, 2003, Liquefaction susceptibility of the greater Tacoma urban area, Pierce and King Counties, Washington: Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Geologic Map GM-51, 1 sheet, scale 1 :30,000 with 11 p. text.

APPENDIX A

Geotechnical Database for the Greater Tacoma Urban Area, Pierce and King Counties, Washington

Table: Boringlnformation

RecordCount: 504

Name BoringlD ReportNumber ReportBoring ReportReference DrillDate DrillMethod SPTMethod Elevation Total Depth GroundwaterDepth

Table: BoringData

Record Count: 7432

Fields

Name BoringlD Sample Depth

Sample Type SPTValue

USCSClass SampleDescriplion Gravel Sand Fines 050 EstimatedFines MoistureContent Liquid limit Plasticlimit Plasticity Index

Table: Boringlocation

RecordCount:

Name BoringlD Longitude Latitude

504

Type Text Text Text Text Date/Time Text Text Single Single Single

Type Text Single

Yes/No Integer

Text Text Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single

Type Text Double Double

Size 20 20 10

250

30 30

xxx.x xxx.x xxx.x

Size 20

xxx.x

10 250

xxx.x xxx.x xxx.x

xx.xxx xxx.x xxx.x xxx.x xxx.x xxx.x

Size 255

xxx.xxxxx xx.xxxxx

Description Boring identification string -- tied to GIS map location Hardcopy report number Boring number from hardcopy report referenced above Citation reference of report Date of drilling Drilling method (if known) Type of SPT method used Elevation of boring from reference report, in feet Total drilled depth, in feet Reported groundwater depth, in feet (estimated if not stated in report)

Description Boring identification string Depth of sample (in ft)

Undisturbed (Yes) or disturbed (No) sample Reported SPT N-value (value = 100 if refusal, =O for push. = 999 if

undisturbed sample) uses soil classification Sample description summarized from boring log Percent gravel from gradation data Percent sand from gradation data Percent fines from gradation data 0(50) value (in mm) from gradation data Estimated percent fines if no gradation data Moisture content Liquid limit from Atterberg test Plastic limit from Atterberg test Plasticity index from Atterberg test

Description Boring identification string Decimal longitude of report site location in WGS84 Decimal latitude of report site location in WGS84

Geotechnical Database for the Everett Urban Area, Snohomish County, Washington

Table: Boringlnformation

Record Count: 358

Name BoringlD ReportNumber ReportBoring ReportReference DrillDate Drill Method SPTMethod Elevation Total Depth GroundwaterDepth

Table: BoringData

RecordCount: 4188

Fields

Name BoringlD SampleOepth

Sample Type SPTValue

USCSClass Sample Description Gravel Sand Fines 050 Estimated Fines MoistureContent Liquid limit Plasticlimit Plasticity Index

Table: Boringlocation

RecordCount: 358

Name BoringlO Longitude Latitude

Type Text Text Text Text Datemme Text Text Single Single Single

Type Text Single

Yes/No Text

Text Text Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single

Type Text Double Double

Size 20 20 10

250

30 30

xxx.x xxx.x xxx.x

Size 20

xxx.x

20

10 250

xxx.x xxx.x xxx.x

xx.xxx xxx.x xxx.x xxx.x xxx.x xxx.x

Size 255

xxx.xxxxx xx.xxxxx

Description Boring identification string Hardcopy report number Boring number from hardcopy report referenced above Citation reference of report Date of drilling Drilling method (if known) Type of SPT method used Elevation of boring from reference report. in feet Total drilled depth. in feet Reported groundwater depth, in feet {estimated if not stated in report)

Description Boring identification string Depth of sample (in ft)

Undisturbed (Yes) or disturbed (No) sample Reported SPT N-value {value =rtblows/x-inches] if refusal, =O for push,

=999 if undisturbed sample) uses soil classification Sample description summarized from boring log Percent gravel from gradation data Percent sand from gradation data Percent fines from gradation data 0(50) value (in mm) from gradation data Estimated percent fines if no gradation data Moisture content Liquid limit from Atterberg test Plastic limit from Atterberg test Plasticity index from Atterberg test

Description Boring identification string Decimal longitude of report site location in WGS84 Decimal latitude of report site location in WGS84

APPENDIXB

•• WASHINGTON STATE OEPARTMENTOF

·~ Natural Resources ..._..,. Hole Number: H-1-01

Hole Location: Twin Lakes Elementary School, Federal Way Drilling Equipment: CME

Drilling Method: Hollow Stem Auger SPT Method: Automatic trip hammer

D th (ft) Profile Sample SPT SPT N-ep Number Blows/6" value

2

3

4

5 4 4.5 - 6.0'; retained 1.2'

Ground Elevation: Unknown

Groundwater Depth: Unknown

Start Date: 211912001

Completion Date: 211912001

Observer: Steve Palmer

Description

I 1 of 3

D-1 8 15 4.5 · 5.5': Brown, dry, silty SAND with scattered gravel (approx. 15% gravel). (note: sample should be wet sieved).

6 1-----1--- 7"----1----i5.5 - 5.7': Gray silty SAND (note: not enough volume for grain size analysis).

7

8

9

10

11

12

13 . . . . . .. .. . . :-:,:.:,:,:-:,:.:,:-:, ...... . .. . . .. . ........

D-2

5

9

15

9.5 - 11·; retained 1.1'

26 9.5 • 9.8': Brown, mottled, very silty SAND. 9.8-10.6': Brown-gray, slightly silly, medium SAND with gravel.

14 ·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·. 1---......:..:....--1 . ...• . .. . . 1----+------+----t -:-:-: -:-:,:-:,:-:.:,:

<:::::::::::::::::::: 15 :::::::::::::::::::::: 12 14.5 • 16.0'; retained 1.5'

•----1:::::!:::::::::::::;::1----+--_.c;.--1----tGray (salt and pepper), dry, clean, fine to medium SAND. :,:,:,:,:,:,;.:-:.;,:. D-3 30 69

1-......:.1..:;.6_ -l::::::::::(:::::::·,- --- +---"3"'-9--1----t

:::1))/!{\j)j , __ 1_7 _ _,::;);::::::=::::::::---- +-----1----t

:::::::::::::::::;:::; ,__1_8 _ _,;:::::;:::::::::::::::1-----1- - - - -+---t

:.:::::::::::::::::::: ·-:-:-:-:,:.:-:,:-:-:-

,__ 1_9 _ _, ::::::::::::::::::::::1-----1- ----+---1

20 -:,:,:,:,:-:,;,:.:,:,, ........ ... 0-4 13 19.5 - 21.0'; retained 1.0'

•• .WASHINGTON STATE OEPARTMENTOF

~-~;t/iiiiiir,m.ti~- Natural Resources ...... Hole Number: H-1-01



Depth (ft) Profile Sample SPT SPT NNumber Blows/6" value



Start Date: 2/19/2001 Completion Date: 211912001


Description

}/}:::;:/: D-4 20 ·:::::::::::::::::::::

48 Gray (salt and pepper), dry, clean, fine to medium SAND with scattered fine, subrounded to subangular gravel.

1--=2"-1--1,::::::::::::::::: ::::1--- - --l---=2.:::.8_--1-----1 :::::::::::::::::::::: .-:-:-:-:,:-:,:-:.:-:-

1--=2=-2--1:::::::1:::::::j:::):)1-----l-----+-------I ,:::::::::::::::::::::

1--=2.:::.3_ -1::::::::::::::::\:1:1--- - -1--- --+-- - ----I

:::::::::::::::: ::::·: 1--=2"'-4--l:':':·: ·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·,- ----l--- --l------l

:::::::::::::::::::::: : ;.:,:,:,:,:-:-:-:-:-

1--=2.:::.s_-1::::::::::::::::::::::1-----1---'1.:::.3_ -+-------124.5- 26.0'; retained 1.3 :;:::::::\\::\ D-5 40 6819.. Dry. gray (salt and pepper), clean, fine to medium SAND with silt and increased ·:·:·:· :·:·:·:·:·:·: : scattered, fine, subangularto subrounded gravel.

1--=2.:::.6_-1·:-:-:,:-:-:-:-:·:·: :t-----l---=2:::8::..:13:.._-+--- I :::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::

1--=2:.:...7_-1:}:}::::::::::::::1---- -l-----+---- I :-:-: -:,:,:-:,:-:, :-·· -:-:-:-:-:-:-:•:-:-:-: ,::::::::::::: ::::::::

28 1--=:.::__--1-:::::::::::::::::: :::1---- -1---- -+------I ·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·. ::::::::::::::::::::::

1--=2..:..9- -1;:;:::::::::;:;:;::::·1--- - --l-----'----I :::::::::::::::::::::: :, :::::::::::::::::::: 29 5 31 o· retained o 9'

2 of 3

1---=3-=-o __ ,::;::::::::::::::/:1---- +-- -=28=---+----1 · - · · · ':':':<·:- :-:-:-:->: 0-6 5015 5015.. Dry, gray (salt and pepper), clean, fine to medium SAND with silt and scattered fine,

:::::::?:::::::::::: subangular to subrounded gravel. 1---=3..:..1 _-1·:•:-:-:-:,:-:-: ,:-:-:1----~-----+- --1

:::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::

_ _:c32:;___-1:::: ::::::::::::::::::1--- - -l------l----l :::::::::::::{::::::

33 / :/\:// 1----=:.::__--1:)::i::::::::: :::::1--- - -l-----+-- - I

:::::::::::::::::::::: 1---=.34..:.._--1:::::::::::::·::::::::t-- --+-----+-----l

::::::::::::::::::::-: 35 :/}/:{} 13 34.5 - 36.0'; retained 1.1'

1---=.:;___--1.·.·. ·.· .· .·. ·.·.· .·. t-----1-- ..:.::..- -1-----1 ·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·: D-? 46 83 Dry, gray (salt and pepper), clean, fine to medium SAND with silt and scattered fine, :;::::::::::::::>:::: subangular to subrounded gravel. Sample fines toward bottom.

,_--=3-=-6- -1::::::m::m:rn:itit- - - - -l---=3.:..7_ -+------I ·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·,

37 :::::/::::::/::: 1- --=..:.._--1::::\::::::1:::::::/ i-----+--- - -1-- --l

.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.· 1_--=3.:::.B- -1:::::::::::::::>:::::1-----1---- I------I

:-:.;.:,;.·,:-:-:-:.:-

~ ~ 1 '. ~ ~ ~ ~ ( \ ~ ! '. \ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1---=.3.:::.9- -1::::::::::::::::::::::1-----l- --- -+-- ---l

40 ······· · ··· . ....... . . . -::::::::::::::::::::: ·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.· 13 39.5- 41.0'; retained 1.5'

'' WASHINGTON STATE DEPARTMENTOF 121HE:I Natural Resources ....... Hole Number: H-1-01



Sample SPT SPT N-Number Blows/6" value

Depth (ft)



Start Date: 2/19/2001

Completion Date: 2/19/2001


Description

3of3

D-8 18 40 39.5 · 39.7': Dry, gray (salt and pepper), clean, fine to medium SAND with sill and scattered fine, subangular to subrounded gravel.

-----1--~2c.c.2'---11----,39.7 - 41.0': Gray, non-plastic SILT with 1" thick sand lens containing FeO staining. 41

42

43

44

:.:.:.:.:.:.~.:.:.:.:. 25 44.5 - 46.0'; retained 1.5' l------t----"'-"---1----l

39 79 44.5 - 45.1': Gray (salt and pepper), fine to medium, clean, dry SAND (sample too small for analysis) .

45

D-9

..__4-'-6"----' :.\.::_·:_:::_·:_/_:_i _/ _-:_i •- ----•---4_0:..__-1----145. 1 - 46.0': ML- Gray (salt and pepper), dry, sandy SILT (MC = 17.94%; 0.0% gravel, 25.9% sand, 74.1% fine; sample should be wet sieved for more accurate results) . ........ .. .

47 ;:;:;:'.:\\::\ __ ...;..;.. _ _,.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·1------1-----~----

1--...:.4.:..9 _ _, :·/::/::::=:::::l------l------l----l -·-:,:-:-:-:-:,:-:,:-: .·.·.·.·.·.·.· .·.·.·.· ········ · · · ·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·· 49.5- 51.0'; retained 1.5' l---"-50:..__,._._._._._ ._._._ .. .. ·.1------1--.....c13::....._~----1

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

·········· ·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·. . . . . . . ..... ·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.· .. . .. . .... .. . ....... . ... . ·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.· D-10 26 63 49.5 • 49.9': Gray (salt and pepper), moist, fine silty SAND.

49.9 • 51.0': Gray (salt and pepper), dry, fine to medium clean SAND. 37

Total depth of hole: 51.0'

e -Grain Size Analyses Laboratory Summary

Boring Number: H-1-01

Boring Location: Federal Way

Sample Depth (ft} %Gravel %Sand number

D-9A 44.5 0.0 25.9

US Sieve Opening in Inches 3' 3/4"

%Fines

74.1

#4 #10

Date:

Sheet

060

06/05/2001

1

D50

US Sieve Numbers #40

go .. I I I Ii · , 100 n ~

WASHINGTON STATE DEPARTMENTOF

Natural Resources

of 1

D30 010 MC% Cu Cc uses

17.94 fine

#200 Hydrometer Analysis -+--D-9A -ti-

-.--*-t :: 11~ 1j!~+~-1i I & I f

- . I i I i -lr-+--+--+t-U: I I ! ! t· -.-.o 60 ' 1 1 I

j so l !~L] LJ 140 ~~t· cu I I . "S 30 · .J-1--4 E c3 20

10

o .+.Li 1 1 , if1 I ' , , , H , II • • ,. , • ••• , a 100.000 10.000 1.000 0.100

Grain Size in Millimeters

Sand Gravel

Coarse Medium Fine

- l l++·H-t-1--i

L.--j - ·+•-·-·-I· .. -·-.' .......... 1

-~~-

+ ~ 0.010 0.001

Silt and Clay

e

•• WASHINGTON STATE DEPARTMENT OF

'l:}11...:~--iiillZff:iii,I Natural Resources ..._, Hole Number: H-2-01


Drilling Method: Hollow Stem Auger SPT Method: Automatic Trip Hammer

Sample SPT SPT N-Depth (ft) Profile Number Blows/6" value

1---- .1-----1----

2

3

4

5 6 4.5 - 6.0'; retained 1.4'



Start Date: 02/19/01



Description

1--- --1----'"--- l----l

8 15 Gray (salt and pepper), mottled, moist to wet, fine to medium SAND with silt and scattered subrounded gravel.

D-1

6 7

7

8

9

10 5 9.5 - 11.0'; retained 1.1'

1------l--...:;_-- 1----1

7 16 Gray (sail and pepper), fine to medium, wet, silty, gravelly SAND.

D-2

11 9

12

13

14

15 11 14.5 - 16.0'; retained 1.0·

1 of 3

1-----f--..:..:..--1----l 15 42

Gray (salt and pepper), moist, silty, subangular to subrounded gravelly, fine to coarse SAND.

D-3

16 27

17

18

19

20 D-4 15 19.5- 21.0'; retained 1.5'

•• WASHINGT.ON STATE DEPARTMENTOF

•• Natural Resources ._, Hole Number: H-2-01



D th (ft) Profile Sample SPT SPT N-ep Number Blows/6" value

22

23

24

25 18 24.5 • 26.0'; retained 1.5'






Description

2 of 3

1-----1--..:.::.- -1-----1 35 80

Gray (salt and pepper), dry to moist, clean, rounded to subangular gravelly, fine to medium SAND. Gravel is slightly larger (-1cm) than in 0-4.

0-5

26

27

28

M 1--=-2s=----,W

30

31

32

1----=3=3-·ll!§l

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

0-6

D-7

0·8

45

22

4716

22

27

50

22

47/6"

77

29.5 • 30.5'; retained 0.8'

Gray (salt and pepper), dry to moist, clean, fine to coarse sandy, fine GRAVEL.

34.5 • 36.0'; retained 1.5'

Gray (salt and pepper), dry to moist, clean, fine to coarse sandy, fine GRAVEL grading down to gray, moist, clean, fine gravelly, fine to medium SAND.

39.5 - 40.5'; retained 1.0'

•• WASHINGTON STATii DEPARTMENTOF P• Natural Resources ._.- . Hole Number: H-2-01



Depth (ft) Profile Sample SPT SPT NNumber Blows/6" value






Description

1-- 4C.:.1- ~ liiiiiiijl:iii1iiiiiji1--_0_._

8_....__

5_0_16

_ -+_5_0_

16

_ .. -1

Gray (salt and pepper). moist, fine to medium SAND with very scattered gravel.

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

26 44.5 • 46.0'; retained 1.5' ------..::.::--+-- -!

35 75 44.5 • 45.0': Olive, wet. low plasticity SILT. D-9 45.0 · 46.0': Gray. slightly silty, dry to moist fine SAND (no gravel).

40

26 49.5 • 50.8'; retained 1.2'

~ of 3

1--- - -1-- =--1---~ 36 6419

.. Gray, dry to moist, clean, fine to medium SAND grading down to dry, fine SAND with silt. No gravel.

0·10

51 28/3 Bottom of hole at 50.8'

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

e e

Grain Size Analyses Laboratory Summary



Sample Depth (ft) %Gravel %Sand

number

0-6 19.5 30.1 67.1

US Sieve Opening in Inches

%Fines

2.9

Date:

Sheet

060

3.59

06/05/2001

1

050

2.62

US Sieve Numbers

of

030

1.16

3 ' 3/4" -114 #10 1140 11200

1:: l]i .E 80 4I .!:21 ! ii ~ 70 ! ! ! 4-i-f-·

Ii i >, ; il

:: 60 Hi C Q.)

~ 50 Q.) n. Q.) 40 ....... ; >

t: tm' 10

100.000

-, _J -+ --W-l ~--. --111-HI I I I

10000

Gravel Coarse

1.000 0.100 Grain Size in Millimeters

Sand

Medium Fine

~· WASHINGTON STATE DEPARTMENTOF

~-l~Y· Natural Resources

010 MC%

0.27

Hydrometer Analysis

- _ ,,., .. ,_J

! ·---r-l

0.010

Silt and Clay

.1.

Cu Cc uses

13.2 1.4 SW

-+-D-4 -----~ ........_

0.001

e

~'1 ' •• WASKINGTON STATE OEPARTMENTOF

•• Natural Resources ..._., Hole Number: H-3-01

Hole Location: N.side Northshore Pkwy, near Nassau Ave Drilling Equipment:

Drilling Method:





PAGE 1 of 3

SPT Method: Observer: S. Palnier/S. Magsino

Depth (ft) Profile Sample SPT SPT t,J-Number Blows/6" value

Description

2

3

4

12 4.5 - 6.0'; retained 1.3'

::1----4---=--1-----I 21 47 Gray (salt and pepper), fine to medium, moist, clean SAND.

D-1

5

6 26

7

8

9

14

9.5-11.0'; retained 1.2' :1-----1---...;..;..--1----l

25 60 SP.SM: Gray (salt and pepper), fine to medium, moist, clean SAND.

D-2

10

11 35 0.0% gravel, 94.2% sand, 5.8% fine

l-- ----1--..::..::.--1-----l

12

13

14

14 14.5-16.0'; retained 1.4' :l-- ---1--...:....:.--1----I

35 75 Gray (salt and pepper), moist, medium SAND with gravel.

D-3

15

16 40

17

•- --':-=-:--.iiiiiijiii j!iiii!!;!!:,:1--D---4

--1---2

-

5

- - •----l 19.5 - 20.4'; retained 0.9'


•.!'If Natural Resources ~

Hole Number: H-3-01 Hole Location: N.side Northshore Pkwy, near Nassau Ave

Drilling Equipment: Drilling Method:





PAGE2 of 3

SPT Method: Observer: S. Palmer/S. Magsino

Depth (ft) Profile

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

Sample SPT SPT N- Description Number Blows/6" value

D-4 50/5 50/5" 19.5 - 20.1': Gray, moist. clean. fine to medium SAND with gravel. 20.1 -20.4': Gray, dry clean, fine SAND.

14 24.5- 25.9'; retained 1.5'. MC=4.19% - --- +--~- -l----1

43

93111• SP: Gray. moist. clean, fine to medium SAND. D-5

5015 0.0% gravel, 97.5% sand, 2.5% fine

25 29.5 - 30.5'; retained 1.0' ;1------+--=.;;.- -+-----l

50

15.75 5015

.75• Gray, moist, clean, fine to medium SAND. D-6

30 34.5 - 35.3'; retained 1' '1-----1---=-=---+----l

5014 50.4• Gray, fine to medium, moist, very slightly silty SAND with gravel at bottom of sample.

0-7

D-8 25 39.5 - 40.4'; retained 0.9'


~~ Natural Resources .....,.. Hole Number: H-3-01

I

PAGE f of3

Hole Location: N.side Northshore Pkwy, near Nassau Ave Drilling Equipment:




Completion Date: 02120101 Observer: s. Palmer/S. Magsino

Drilling Method: SPT Method:

Sample SPT SPT N-Number Blows/6" value

Description Depth (ft) Profile

D-8 50/5 Gray, moist, clean, fine to medium SAND with single clast of gravel.

41

42

43

44

45 28 44.5 • 45.4'; retained 1.1'. MC= 3.22%

4-- --~--= - -4-----l

5015 5015• SP: Gray. moist, clean, fine to coarse SAND with scattered, subrounded gravel.

Sample is slightly coarser toward the top. D-9

46 0.5% gravel. 95.9% sand, 3.6% fine.

47

48

49 49.5 - 50.4'; retained 0.8'.

50 49 Gray, moist, clean, fine to coarse SAND. Coarser grained toward top of sample.

0-10 50/5 50/5"

51 1-----•- - ---1-----1Bottom of hole at 50.4".

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

e e


Boring Number: H-3-01 Date: 05/30/2001

1 Boring Location: Federal Way Sheet

Sample Depth (ft) %Gravel

number %Sand %Fines 060 D50

0-2 9.5 0.0 94.2 5.8 0.32 0.29

0 -5 24,5 0.0 97.5 2.5 0.39 0.35

0-9 44.5 0.5 95.9 3.6 0.49 0.45

US Sieve Opening in Inches US Sieve Numbers

3" 3/4 ' 114 #10 IMO 100 TT

90 -1-1 : I

- I , .c 80 CJ)

ID ~ 70 >,

:: 60 C (I)

2 50 (I) a. ~ 40

~ 30

dr··r I f --- t1 ~ _·:i1•11 .. :~_r· -

' " f - I

1-l·-•·-····•• !

E 8 20

10

0

of

030

0.23

0.28

0.36

#200

100.000 10.000 1.000 0.100 Grain Size in Millimeters

Sand Gravel

Coarse Medium Fine

e

·~· WASH INGTON STATE DEPARTMENTOF

~ Natural Resources

1

010 MC% Cu Cc uses

0.12 2.6 1.3 SP-S*

0.19 4.19 2.1 1.1 SP

0.21 3.22 2.3 1.3 SP

H~~JlE l

-.-0-2 -tll-D-5

.....-0.9

-*--+-

±i . .. .... iii

It. ... 'i I

ltL 0.010 0.001

Siftanct Clay


•• Natural Resources ~

Hole Number: H-4-01

I

PAG~ 1 of2

Hole Location: Dash Point well field, Federal Way Drilling Equipment:




Completion Date: 02120101 Observer: s. Palmer

Drilling Method: SPT Method:

Depth (ft) Pr ofile Sample SPT SPTN- Description Number Blows/6" value

1

2

3

4

5 10 4.5 • 6.0'; retained 1.3'

0-1 18 38 Brown-gray, wet, silty, sandy (fine to coarse), fine GRAVEL.

6 20

7

8

9

10 20 9.5 • 11.0'; retained 1.5'

0-2 25 63 Brown-gray, wet, silty, sandy (fine to coarse), fine to medium GRAVEL with peat.

11 38

12

13

14

15 D-3 refusal 14.5 · ·16.0'; reta[ned ?' <• '

Wet, fine to coarse SAND ·at top grading to silty, sandy (fine to coarse), fine io coarse GRAVEL.

16

17

18

19

20 0-4 >40 >40 19.5 - 21.0'; retained 1.7'. MC - 55.67%

'' WASHINGTON STATE· DEPARTMENTOF •• Natural Resources ~

Hole Number: H-4-01 Hole Location: Dash Point well field, Federal Way

Drilling Equipment: Drilling Method:

SPT Method:

Depth (ft) Pro file Sample SPT SPT N-Number Blows/6" value





Observer: S Palmer

Description

PAGE 2 of 2

0-4 SP: Wet, clean, fine to coarse SAND grading to sandy (fine to coarse), fine to coarse

g gravel with some silt. 21

24.9% gravel, 72.9% sand, 2.2% fine

22

I 23

24

25 0-5 refusal 24.5 - 26.0'; retained 0.5'. MC = 21.98%

SP: Wet, fine to coarse SAND with gravel, clay, and silt

26 12.8% gravel, 83.3% sand, 3.9% fine

Bottom of hole at 26.0'.

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

~ -

39

40

e




Sample Depth (ft) %Gravel %Sand

number

D-4

D-5

19.5 24.9

24.5 f2.8

US Sieve Opening In Inches

100

90

E 80 O> 'o.i 3:: 70 >,

~ 60 C Q)

e so Ql a. ~ 40 .:::

~ 30 E c3 20

10

3' 3i4'

72.9

83.3

%Fines

2.2

3.9

Date:

Sheet

060

2.27

0.68

06/05/2001

1

050

1.25

0.49

US Sieve Numbers #4 #10 1140

of

D30

0.50

0.30

#200

0 -J' ' I I I I • f I I I ilJit--1--f.l ., .• ' •"• ' . '• • J 1. I '.-... -.1

100.000 10.000 1.000 0.100 Grain Size in Millimeters

Sand Gravel

Coarse Medium Fine

-

4mr,• WASHINGTON STATE OEPARTMENTOF

· #, Na~ural R'!~_ources

D10 MC% Cu

0.25 55.67 9.2

0.14 21.98 4.8

0.010 0.001

Silt and Clay

Cc

0.4

0.9

-+-D-4 -a-D-5 ......... -*_._

uses

SP

SP

-

APPENDIXC

Twin Lakes Elementary 18 ~~....,.....~~~~~~....,.....~~~~~~~~~~~~....,.....~~~~~~....,.......,..

A .B 8 -)( ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, IE-

280 mis

- 10 615 mis

1000 1028 1(:)40 1060 1080 1100 1120 111

..... LO

I

::E (!)

e a. ns ::E .Q C) 0 0 Q)

(!) LIQUEFACTION SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE GREATER. TACOMA URBAN AREA,

PIERCE AND KING COUNTIES, WASHINGTON

by Stephen P. Palmer, William J . Perkins, and W. Paul Grant

WASHINGTON DIVISION OF GEOLOGY

AND EARTH RESOURCES

Geologic Map GM-51 June 2003

This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior, under grant award 99HQGR0073. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government. Additional financial support was provided by the Washington Department of Natural Resources.

This map is meant only as a general guide 10 delineate areas prone to liquefaction and cannot be used 10 determine the presence or absence of liquefiable soils beneafh any specific locality. The information provided in this map cannot be substituted for a site-specific geotechnical investigation, which must be performed by qualified practitioners and is required 10 assess the potential for and consequent damage from soil liquefaction. For additional information. please refer to 1he enclosed map reporl.

• Location

of map

WASHINGTON STATE DEPARTMENT OF

Natural Resources Doug Sutherland - Commissioner of Public Lanps

liquefaction susceptibility mapping for selected urban areas in … · 2020. 5. 28. ·...

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