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OPTICAL METHOD OF DIAGNOSTICS OF GALLSTONE DISEASE

Igor N. KRYVOSHLYK & Oksana A. KHOMA

Tel: 416-248-8514, e-mail: ikryvoa481@rogers.com

According to official statistics, approximately each 7-8th person over the world has

symptoms of gallstone disease (The Great Medical Encyclopedia, 1959-1960). Many ofthem are forced to have a surgery, which is able to bring just a temporary relieve until

conditions has become acute and demands next surgery. However, no surgery can recover

health.

This research is based on study of about 200 patients (~ 50 children, 50 army solders, and

100 civilians). We studied small (~ 1-2 cm in diameter) dried drops of human bile

received after duodenal probing of liver and gall bladder, using magnesium sulfate or

glucose for better bile secretion. Bile drops were dried on the open glass plates underusual room condition without any additional preparation. In our work, we used polarizing

geological microscope.

During our investigation, we observed number of textures in bile samples. The most

important among them were: Homogeneous texture, The Fern texture and Globular

texture.

The bile sample with homogeneous texture looks like brownish glass sometimes with

some solid mineral phases like carbonates, phosphates etc.

The Fern texture was created by dendritic (snowflake like) crystals of sodium chloride(table salt) that has crystallized as branching patterns. We managed to reproduce thistexture during the experiment with mixture of salt and sodium glycocholate (firm

Scuchardt, Munich, Germany) using ethyl alcohol as a solvent.

The globular texture was created by immiscible colourless drops randomly scattered in

brownish bile.

We suggest that globular texture is a result of liquid immiscibility (disintegration) ofprimary liver bile for mixture of secondary bladder bile and blood plasma. This

suggestion is supported by comparison of standard biochemical composition (Table 1) of

liver bile, bladder bile and blood plasma (TGME, v.10, p.271; v.15, p.1071).

It is obviously, that the cholesterol and mostly minerals, which are the main components

of blood plasma, had been significantly separated from liver bile.

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Table 1

Components Liver bile Bladder bile Blood plasma

Cholesterol 6.25 % 4.28 % 38 mg-%

Minerals (total) 29.17 % 5.71 % -

Sodium - - 127 m-eq/L

Chlorine - - 96 m-eq/L

Nitrogen - - 48.8 mg-%

Calcium - - 10.0 mg-%

Phosphate - - 4.5 mg-%

Potassium - - 5.0 m-eq/L

The optical analysis of textures of dried bile samples provides necessary information for

final diagnostics. No mistakes so far were indicated. Accompanying diseases might cause

some diagnostic difficulties.

It is hard to work with bile samples of patients with long chronic gall-stone disease. Onthe contrary, our method is most effective for diagnostics of very first stages of this

disease, long before gall stones appear. It allows having enough time for usual treatmentand possible to avoid the surgery.

Proposed method is quick in performing. It requires 15-20 minutes for each examination(probing and drying up extra). This method does not require special equipment. By

upgrading this method, we can eliminate probing procedure.