liquid systems and monitoring - us epa · liquid systems and monitoring tim townsend university of...
TRANSCRIPT
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Liquid Systems and MonitoringTim Townsend
University of Florida
Bioreactor Landfill WorkshopArlington, VA
February 27-28, 2003
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Topics
• Leachate recirculation systems– Surface Systems vs Subsurface Systems– Retrofit vs As-built
• Moisture distribution issues• Monitoring
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Surface Methods: Pre-Cap Tanker Truck Application
• Spray Irrigation
• Drip Irrigation
• Tanker Truck Application
• Infiltration Ponds
Surface Ponds
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Surface Methods: Post-Cap
• Leach Field
• Trenches
• DripIrrigation
Cap SystemGM
MSW
Leach Field
Trenches
GM
MSW
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Subsurface Methods Vertical Injection Wells
• Vertical Injection Wells
• Horizontal Trenches
• Buried Infiltration Galleries
HorizontalTrench
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As-Built vs RetrofitAs-Built• Surface application
methods as waste is filled up. Focus on working face.
• Horizontal trenchesburied in the landfill as waste is deposited.
• Surface systems when complete.
Retrofit• Surface systems on
completed waste fill. • Vertical wells.• Shallow subsurface
horizontal trenches.
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Focus on Two Subsurface Methods
• Horizontal Trenches– Shallow systems– Deep systems
• Vertical Injection Wells– Large diameter systems– Small diameter systems
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Shallow Horizontal Trenches 1. Existing Landfill at Grade
MSW
50+ ft
Liner and Leachate Collection System
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Shallow Horizontal Trenches 2. Excavate Trench and
Install Bedding and Pipe
MSW
3 - 15 ft
Liner and Leachate Collection System
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Shallow Horizontal Trenches 3. Backfill
MSW
Liner and Leachate Collection System
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Shallow Horizontal Trenches 4. Additional Trenches
MSW
50 – 200 ft
Liner and Leachate Collection System
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Shallow Horizontal Trenches 5. Recirculate
MSW
Liner and Leachate Collection System
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Shallow Horizontal Trenches 5. Recirculate
MSW
Liner and Leachate Collection System
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Deep Horizontal Trenches 1. Install Horizontal Trenches
on Lower Lifts
15 ft50 – 200 ft
Liner and Leachate Collection System
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Deep Horizontal Trenches 2. Continue Installing
MSW
Liner and Leachate Collection System
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Liner and Leachate Collection System
Deep Horizontal Trenches 3. Continue Installing
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Liner and Leachate Collection System
Deep Horizontal Trenches 4. Recirculate Leachate
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Liner and Leachate Collection System
Deep Horizontal Trenches 4. Recirculate Leachate
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Horizontal Trench Installation Photos: Alachua County SW LF
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Horizontal Trench Installation Photos: Polk County NC LF
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Clay plug.
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Filling in the trench.
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Filling in Trench
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Cross Section of Horizontal Injection Trenches at Polk County NCLF
Phase II
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Phase I Present Waste Extent
1110
130
150
170
190
210
230
250
Horizontal Leachate Injection Lines
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Subcell 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Horizontal Leachate Injection Lines
Present Waste Extent
LCS Pipe
LCS Trench Divide
Plan View of Horizontal Injection Trenches at Polk County NCLF
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Vertical Injection Wells
• Two major types– Large diameter wells– Small diameter wells
• Many of the early leachate recirculation attempts used large diameter wells
• Most new designs use small diameter wells
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Large DiameterVertical LeachateInjection Well
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Potential Disadvantage of Vertical Wells
• The greatest hydraulic pressure will be at the bottom of the well.
• This might result in more leachate distribution on the bottom of the landfill.
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Top of Landfill
Vertical Injection Cluster Wells
Use multiple smalldiameter wells.
Since more wells areneeded, installationmust not be costprohibitive.
10 ftTop of Sand DrainageBlanket
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Installation of Small DiameterRecirculation Wells:Direct Push Technology
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Installation of Small DiameterRecirculation Wells:Open Flight Auger
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Comments on Moisture Distribution
• Hydraulic conductivity of compacted is MSW is relatively low (especially in the vertical direction).
• Compacted MSW is anisotropic with respect to hydraulic conductivity.
• Channeling will occur.• For subsurface applications, some of the
waste will be at or near saturation for part of the time. Conditions will be above field capacity.
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McCreanor and Reinhart
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Measurement of Moisture
• Water balance
• Collect waste samples and measure gravimetrically
• In situ methods
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Water Balance
• Track moisture into and out of landfill
Storage
In
Out
LeachateRecirc
LeachateCollected
CumVol
Time
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Collection of Waste Samples
• Great data
• Expensive
• Infrequent
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In Situ Devices
• Adapted from devices used for soil irrigation purposes
• Examples:– Neutron probes– Time domain reflectometry (TDR)– Resistance devices
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Neutron Probes• Neutrons emitted by the probe travel
through adjacent medium; neutrons get thermalized by other atoms, especially hydrogen (H20).
• Can measure thermalized neutrons using a device like a Geiger counter.
• Relate this measurement to moisture content.
• Probe lowered into pipes in landfill.
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TDR Devices
• An electromagnetic pulse is emitted.• The propagation time of the pulse is a
function of the dielectric constant of the surrounding medium.
• The dielectric constant is also a function of the moisture content.
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Resistivity Devices
• Measures the electrical resistance of between two electrodes inserted into a medium.
• The greater the moisture content, the lower the resistance.
• A function of liquid specific conductance.• Example: Gypsum block
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Challenges
• How to install: TDR and resistivity are permanant; Neutron probe requires borehole
• Direct contact with the waste: Desired for TDR and resistivity.
• Calibration (what is actual moisture content?)
• Neutron probe required radioactive source
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TDR Device Usedin Florida
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Resistivity Probe Used in Florida
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Results of Field Trial
0
25
50
75
100
9-Apr 10-Apr 11-Apr 12-Apr 13-Apr 14-Apr 15-Apr
Time
Resi
stan
ce (k
Ohm
) Sensor 1Sensor 2
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New River Regional Landfill Bioreactorwww.bioreactor.org
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New River Regional Landfill Bioreactorwww.bioreactor.org
InstrumentedWell Field
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Resistivity distribution inside NRRL Bioreactor, 12/18/02
-4-202468101214161820222426283032343638404244464850High Resistivity
(Low Moisture)
Low Resistivity(High Moisture)
North
Surface ofBioreactor
20 feet deep
40 feet deep
60 feet deep
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Remaining Questions• How long will they work?• Once wetted, do they stay wet?• Does installation create preferential flow
paths?• Can true moisture content be measured,
or only relative moisture content?• Are they economical?• Can wireless measurement be
implemented?