List 01 Principal Dates

1870 1871 1873 1876-8 1878 1879 1881 1882 1884-6 1884 1885 1887 1890 1894 1895 1895 1895 1896 1897 1897 1898 1898 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903-5 1904 1905

Franco-Prussian War Unification of Germany First Three Emperors' League (Dreikaiserbund) Near-Eastem Crisis and War (Russia, Austria, ltaly) Congress of Berlin Austro-German Alliance Second Three Emperors' League TripIe Alliance (Germany, Austria, Italy) Partition of Africa Berlin Conference (Congo) Near-Eastem Crisis (Bulgaria, Russia, Austria, Turkey) Reinsurance Treaty (Germany , Russia) Dismissal of Bismarck Dual Alliance (Russia, France) Trans-Siberian Railway completed Treaty of Shimonoseki (Japan, China) TripIe Intervention (Germany , Russia, France: Japan) Krüger Telegram Seizure of Kiaochow (Germany) First German Navy Bill Fashoda Crisis (Britain, France) The Hague Conference (Disarmament) Portuguese Colonies Agreement (Britain, Germany) Hay Circular (United States about the Far East) Yangtse Agreement (Britain, Germany) Last attempted Anglo-German Alliance Anglo-Japanese Alliance Russo-Japanese War (Russia defeated) Entente Cordiale (Britain, France) Revised Schlieffen Plan (for a German attack upon France through Belgium)

122

1905 1906 1907 1907 1908 1908-9 1911 1912 1912 1912-13 1913-14 1914 1914 1914

List of Principal Dates

First Morocco Crisis (Gennany, France) AIge~iras Conference Anglo-Russian Entente Tripie Entente Acceleration Crisis (Anglo-Gennan naval tension) Bosnia Crisis (Austria, Russia, Gennany) Second Morocco Crisis (Agadir) Lord Haldane 's Mission (Britain, Gennany) Anglo-French Naval Agreement Balkan Wars Russo-Gennan Tariff War Liman von Sanders Affair (Russia, Gennany, Turkey) Anglo-Russian Naval Agreement Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand

123

References

(London is the plaee of publieation unless otherwise stated.)

1 The General C ontext

1. A. C. H. C. de Tocqueville, Oeuvres completes, vol. III (Paris, 1864-6) eonc1usion.

2. F. H. Hinsley,Powerandthe PursuitoJPeace (Cambridge: CUP, 1963) eh. 8.

2 Outside Europe: Africa and the F ar East

1. G. F. Hudson, The Far East in World Politics (Oxford: OUP, 1937) ehs 5, 6, 7 and 8.

2. W. C. Sellar and R. J. Yeatman, 1066 And All That (1970) pp. 99-100.

3. M. S. Anderson, The Eastern Question (Longman, 1966) eh. 5. 4. J. Ridley, Lord Palmerston (Constable, 1970) ehs XVI and XVII.

5. A. J. P. Taylor, The StruggleJor Mastery in Europe, 1848-1918 (Oxford: OUP, 1957) pp. 65-6.

6. E. Hertslet, The Map oJ Europe by Treaty, vol. II, 1814-1875 ( B utterworth, 1875) pp. 1250- 87.

7. Taylor, The Struggle Jor Mastery, p. 294. 8. R. E. Robinson and J. Gallagher with Alice Denny, AJrica and the

Victorians (Maemillan, 1963) pp. 24-5. 9. D. W. Brogan, The Development oJ Modern France (Hamish

Hamilton, 1959) p. 217; A. S. Kanya-Forstner, The Conquest oJ the Western Sudan, A Study in French Military 1mperialism (Cambridge: CUP, 1969).

124

References 125

10. Taylor, The Struggle for Mastery, p. 282. 11. Ibid., p. 277. 12. Cambridge History of the British Empire, vol. III (Cambridge:

CUP, 1959) p. 119. 13. W. L. Langer, European Alliances and Alignments, 1870-1890

(New York: Knopf, 1950) p. 296. 14. Taylor, The Struggle for Mastery, p. 298. 15. Ibid., pp. 299-301. 16. E. A. Crowe, Memorandum on the Present State of British

Relations with Franee and Germany, 1 January 1907, The Origins ofthe War, vol. 111, appendix A. G. P. Gooeh and H. W. V. Temperley (eds), BritishDocuments on the Origins ofthe War, 1898-1914 (HMSO, 1927) vol. 111, Appendix A.

17. Taylor, The Struggle for Mastery, p. 293. 18. E. Eyek, Bismarck and the German Empire (Allen & Unwin,

1958) p. 275. 19. G. Barraclough, An Introduction to Contemporary History

(Peliean, 1967) pp. 107-8. 20. C. M. Andrew, Theophile Delcasse and the Making of the

Anglo-French Entente (Maemillan, 1968) pp. 51-2. 21. Barraclough,Introduction to Contemporary History, p. 109. 22. See I. H. Nish, The Anglo-Japanese Alliance: the Diplomacy of

Two Island Empires, 1894-1907 (Athlone, 1966). 23. Taylor, The Struggle for Mastery, p. 400.

3 Inside Europe: Domestic Pressures and the Redistribution 0/ Power in Central Europe

1. See A. Ramm, Germany 1789-1919 (Methuen, 1967) pp. 318-25.

2. H. Böhme, An Introduction to the Economic and Social History of Germany (Oxford: Blaekwell, 1978) pp. 69-71.

3. J. C. G. Rohl, Germany without Bismarck (Batsford, 1967) p. 30. 4. M. Balfour, The Kaiser (Cresset, 1964) p. 433. 5. Ramm, Germany 1789-1919, p. 377. 6. Rohl, Germany without Bismarck, eh. 3. 7. Ibid., ehs 4, 5 and 6. 8. Ramm, Germany 1789-1919, p. 390.

126 References

9. See J. A. Hobson, Imperialism: A Study (1902; Allen & Unwin, 1938); V. I. Lenin, Imperialism the Highest Stage ofCapitalism (1916; Moscow: FLPH, 1947).

10. Ibid., p. 391. 11. J. H. Clapham, The Economic Development of France and

Germany, 1815-1914 (Cambridge: CUP, 1945) ch. XI.

12. L. Cecil, Albert Ballin; Business and Politics in Imperial Germany, 1888-1918 (Princeton, 1967) p. 212.

13. W. Hubatsch, Die Ara Tirpitz (Göttingen, 1955) and G. G. B. Ritter, Staatskunst und Kriegshandwerk: Das Problem des 'Militaris­mus' in Deutschland (Munich, 1954-60).

14. J. Steinberg, Yesterday' s Deterrent (Macdonald, 1965) p. 26. 15. Ibid., p. 59. 16. V. R. Berghahn, Germany and the Approach of War in 1914

(Macmillan, 1973) pp. 6-9; M. Kitchen, The German Officer Corps, 1890-1914 (Oxford, OUP, 1968) pp. 222-7.

17. Steinberg, Yesterday' s Deterrent, pp. 59-60. 18. Ibid., p. 21. 19. Berghahn, Germany and the Approach ofWar, pp. 15-16. 20. Ibid., pp. 165-9 and p. 186. 21. O. Jaszi, The Dissolution of the Hapsburg Empire (Chicago,

1929) parts III and IV.

22. Taylor, The Hapsburg Monarchy (Peregrine, 1951) p. 212. 23. Jaszi, Dissolution of the Hapsburg Empire.

4 The Role 0/ Technological Change

1. Hinsley, Power and the Pursuit of Peace, pp. 264-5. 2. Böhme, Economic and Social History ofGermany, pp. 87-91. 3. E. J. Hobsbawm, Industry and Empire, an Economic History of

Britain since 1750 (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1968) pp. 149-63. 4. F. Fischer, War of Illusions (Chatto & Windus, 1975)

pp. 379-85; A. Gerschenkron, Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective (Harvard, 1966) ch. 6.

5. See F. H. Hinsley (ed.), British Foreign Policy under Sir Edward Grey (Cambridge: CUP, 1977) chs 10, 11 and 15.

6. See E. L. Woodward, Great Britain and the German Navy (Oxford: OUP, 1935).

References 127

7. H. J. Mackinder, 'The Geographical Pivot of History', Geog­raphical Journal, XXIII, 4 (1904); see also Mackinder, Britain and the British Seas (Oxford, 1925).

8. Taylor, The Struggle for Mastery, p. 56, n. 1. 9. M. J. M. Larkin, Gathering Pace, Continental Europe, i87~

i945 (Maemillan, 1969) pp. 88-90; New Cambridge Modern History, vol. XI, eh. IX (Cambridge: CUP, 1962).

10. Hinsley, Power and the Pursuit of Peace, pp. 256-9. 11. Taylor, TheStrugglefor Mastery, pp. 344-5. Hinsley,Powerand

the Pursuit of Peace, pp. 259-62. 12. Ibid., pp. 262-70. 13. S. J. Hemleben,Plansfor Peace through Six Centuries (Chieago,

1943) pp. 128-9.

5 The Grouping 0/ Powers, 1890-1907

1. The Spectator, 29 March 1890; for Bismarek in general, see A. J. P. Taylor, Bismarck the Man and the Statesman (Hamish Hamilton, 1955) and Langer, European Alliances and Alignments.

2. Taylor, The Struggle for Mastery, pp. 329-30. 3. Ibid., p. 328. 4. Ibid., p. 345. 5. Ibid., pp. 339-40. 6. Ibid., p. 336. 7. G. Monger, The End of isolation (Nelson, 1963) pp. 104-7. 8. C. H. D. Howard, Splendid isolation (Maemillan, 1967)

pp. 14-18. 9. Howard, Splendid Isolation, pp. 75-8.

10. Gooch and Temperley ,BritishDocuments, vol. I, no 118 and vol. 11, no 125.

11. See W. N. Medlieott, Bismarck, Gladstone and the Concert of Europe (Athlone, 1956).

12. J. A. S. Grenville, Lord Salisbury and Foreign Policy (Athlone, 1964) eh. 2.

13. L. M. Penson, Foreign Affairs under the Third Marquis of Salisbury (Athlone, 1962) p. 10.

14. Hinsley (ed.) British Foreign Policy under Sir Edward Grey, p. 146.

128 References

15. Taylor, The Struggle for Mastery, p. 375. 16. W. L. Langer, The Diplomacy oflmperialism, 1890-1902 (New

York: Knopf, 1951) pp. 485-96. 17. Taylor, The Struggle for Mastery, p. 343 and n. 1. 18. Langer, The Diplomacy of Imperialism, p. 501. 19. Ibid.,p.503. 20. Ibid., p. 504. 21. Ibid., p. 507. 22. Ibid., p. 518. 23. R. T. B. Langhome, 'Anglo-GennanNegotiationsconcemingthe

Future ofthe Portuguese Colonies, 1911-1914', Historical Journal, XVI,

2 (1973) 361-87. 24. Langer, The Diplomacy of Imperialism, pp. 658-9. 25. Gooch and Temperley, British Documents, vol. II, no 86. 26. H. W. Koch, The Anglo-Gennan Alliance Negotiations: Missed

Opportunity or Myth?' History (October 1969) 378ff. 27. Andrew, Theophile Delcasse and the Making of the Entente

Cordiale, pp. 102-3. 28. Ibid., p. 128. 29. Ibid.,p. 195. 30. Ibid., p. 205. 31. Ibid., p. 203. 32. Ibid., p. 297. 33. Ibid., p. 301. 34. See K. G. Robbins, Sir Edward Grey (CasseIl, 1971). 35. H. Nicolson, Lord Carnock (Constable, 1930) ch. VII.

36. Ibid., p. 174. 37. Taylor, The Struggle for Mastery, p. 442. 38. J. Wilson, A Life of Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman (Constable

1973) p. 535. 39. Hinsley (ed.), British Foreign Policy under Sir Edward Grey,

ch.6. 40. G. M. Trevelyan, Grey of Fallodon (Longman, 1937) p. 182. 41. Z. S. Steiner, The Foreign Office and Foreign Policy, 1898-1914

(Cambridge: CUP, 1969) p. 132. 42. Nicolson, Lord Carnock, p. 250. 43. Ibid., p. 257.

References 129

6 The Road to War, 1907-14

1. See Taylor, The Hapsburg Monarchy, eh. 17; also, N. Stone, 'Moltke - Conrad: Relations between Austri~Hungary and Gennan General Staffs, 1909-1914', Historical Journal, IX, 2 (1966) 201-28.

2. L. Albertini, The Origins ofthe First World War (Oxford: OUP, 1952) vol. I, pp. 206-10.

3. Taylor, The Struggle for Mastery, p. 453. 4. Albertini, The Origins of the First World War, pp. 285-6. 5. Hinsley (ed.), British Foreign Policy under Sir Edward Grey,

eh. 15. 6. Langhorne, 'The Naval Question in Angio-Gennan Relations,

1912-1914', Historical Journal, XIV, 2 (1971) 359-70. 7. Hinsley (ed.), British Foreign Policy under Sir Edward Grey,

ehs 11 and 15. 8. E. Grey, Twenty-five Years (Hodder & Stoughton, 1928) vol. 11,

pp. 37-8. 9. Ibid., pp. 39-45.

10. W. S. Churchill, The World Crisis, 1911-1918 (NEL, 1968) vol. I, eh. 4.

11. Nieolson, Lord Carnock, p. 348. 12. Hinsley (ed.), British Foreign Policy under Sir Edward Grey,

eh. 15. Langhorne, 'Anglo-Gennan Negotiations ... '. 13. Albertini, The Origins ofthe First World War, pp. 365-487. 14. R. J. Crampton, 'The Balkans as a faetor in Gennan Foreign

Poliey, 1912-1914', Slavonic and East European Review, LV (3 July 1977) 370-90.

15. Taylor, The Struggle for Mastery, p. 500. 16. Albertini, The Origins ofthe First World War, pp. 402-18.

7 The Moment 0/ Collapse, 1914

1. See for example, Gooeh and Temperley (eds) , British Documents , vol. XI, no. 19.

2. Z. S. Steiner, Britain and the Origins of the First World War (Maemillan, 1977) pp. 189-214; R. Jenkins, Asquith (Collins, 1965) pp. 242-5.

130 References

3. Hinsley (ed.), British Foreign Policy under Sir Edward Grey, p.255.

4. Fischer, War of Illusions, pp. 399-403. 5. See Berghahn, Germany and the Approach ofWar, ch. 8. 6. For example, Professor Theodor Schiemann, Professor of History

at the University of Berlin, who contributed a weekly article on foreign affairs to the Kreuz Zeitung, in the years before the war.

7. Barraclough, Introduction to Contemporary History , pp. 98-9. 8. The details of the July Crisis are most exhaustively treated in

Albertini, The Origins of the First World War, vols. 1I and III. More recently, the material has been very successfully re-ordered and published in two volumes edited by I. Geiss, lulikrise and Kriegsaus­bruch 1914 (Hanover, 1963-4). The most easily accessible treatment for English readers is to be found in Berghahn ,Germany and the Approach of War, ch. 12; and I. Geiss, German Foreign Policy, 1870-1914 (Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1977) ch. 16.

9. Fischer, War of Illusions, p. 485. 10. Grey, Twenty-Five Years, vol. I1, p. 179. 11. Berghahn, Germany and the Approach of War, p. 207. 12. Fischer , War of Illusions, chs 15 and 16. 13. Ibid., p. 492. 14. For example, Gooch and Temperley (eds), British Documents ,

vol. VI, no. 539.

Index

Abdul Hamid 11 97 Abyssina 73 Adriatic Sea 111 Aehrenthal 98, 99 Afghanistan 18, 94 Africa 5,8,9, 11, 12-21,26,

70,75 Agadir Cris is 49, 100, 10 1, 102,

103, 104, 105, 107, 110, 120

Albania 106, 107 Alexander III, 65,71,72,73 AIge<;iras Act 102 Alge<;iras Conference 27, 91,

92,99 Alsace-Lorraine 17, 87 Amur River 22 Anglo- French Entente 24, 26,

27, 58, 66, 85, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92,93

Anglo- French Military Conver­sations 91

Anglo- French Na val Agree­ment 119

Anglo-German Yangtse Basin Agreement 27

Anglo-Japanese Alliance 25, 60,84

Anglo- Russian Convention 54, 84,93,95,97

Anglo-Russian Naval Agree-ment 110

Angola 80 Armenian Massacres 75, 76 Asia 13, 72, 73 Asquith 120 Ausgleich 1867 52, 54, 98 Austria; see Austria- Hungary Austro- German Alliance 11,

69 Austro-Russian Agreement 1897

85 Austria- Hungary 4, 6, 9, 11,

15, 29, 49, 51-55, 57, 61, 69, 70,71,72,73,74,75,83,85, 86, 97, 98, 99, 105, 106, 107, 110,111,114,115,116,117, 118, 119, 120

131

Baghdad Railway 104 Balfour 78 Balkans 15, 23, 25, 54, 69, 70,

73, 76, 98, 99, 105 Balkan Wars 4, 104, 105, 110,

111,118 Ballin 44, 45, 84 Beck 98 Belgian Crisis 5 Belgium 72, 117, 119, 120

132 Index

Belgrade 99, 118 Berchtold 106, 117 Berlin 14,15,18,25,26,31,37,

44,48,49,70,71,75,90,95, 109, 115, 116, 117

Berlin Conference 17, 26 Berlin, Congress 10, 11, 15, 76 Berne Award 80 B ethmann-Holl weg 84, 101,

106, 113, 116, 117, 119 Bey of Tunis 14 Bismarck, Herbert 19 Bismarck, Otto 11, 12, 13, 14,

15,16,17,18,19,20,30,31, 32,35,36,37,43,49,61,63, 69, 70, 72, 73, 74, 82, 83, 84, 85, 100, 112, 113

Black Sea 9, 106, 118 BoerWar 24,79,80,81,86,87,

88,89 Bohemia 98 Boisdeffre 71 Bosnia Crisis 51, 55, 99, 109,

110,118 Bosnia-Herzogovina 29, 97,

111 Boulanger 13 Boxer Rising 1900 24, 81 Brazza 16 Britain 4, 5, 8, 12, 13, 15, 16,

17. 18, 19, 20, 23, 24, 25, 26, 34,41,45,46,47,48,57,58, 59,60,61,62,63,70, 71, 72, 73,74,75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 81, 82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89, 90,91,92,93,94,95,98,99, 100, 102, 103, 104, 106, 109, 111, 115, 116, 117, 119

British Empire; see Britain Buchlau 98

Budapest 97, 111 Bulgaria 15, 107 Bülow 3,23,25,32,38,39,41,

43,47,77,78,81,82,90,91, 99

Bundesrat 31

Caillaux 102, 103 Cairo 88,89 Cambon, Paul 88 Campbell-Bannennan 93 Canada 74 Cape of Good Hope 79 Capetown 16 Caprivi 31,35,36,37,38,71,

72, 73, 75 Central Powers; see TripIe Al­

liance Chamberlain, Joseph 77,78, 79,

81 China 22,23,24,25,26,74,77,

78, 79, 81, 84, 89, 93 Churchill 103 Colonial League 20 Concert of Europe 4.5,6,7,8,

9,10,11,15,17,20,21,22,26, 28,56,63,64,65,75,84,85, 97,99,104,105,106,110,111, 114, 120

Congo, the (Belgian) (Free State) 16,17,75,85

Constantinople 27, 60, 71, 73, 76,97,99, 105, 118

Courcel 17 Court of International Arbit-

ration 65 Crimean War 5,9-11,60 Cromer 89 Crowe 92

Index 133

Cuniberti 59

Daily Telegraph Affair 50, 79 Danube 10 Delcasse 85,86,87,88,89,90,

91,92,99 Delegoa Bay 79 Dogger Bank Incident 26, 89 Dreadnought, HMS 59, 100,

101 Dual Alliance; see Franco-Russian

Alliance

East Africa 18 Eckhardstein 81 Edward VII 34, 66, 88, 89, 92 Egypt 11,12,14,15,16,24,75,

76, 86, 87, 89 Entente Cordiale; see Anglo-

French Entente Eulenburg, Botho 37 Eulenburg, Philipp 38 Europe 3,4,21,22,27,35,40,

48, 73, 74, 83, 84, 85, 86, 89, 91,93,95, 120, 121

Far East 5,8,21-28,56,61,74, 79,81,82,83,85

Far Eastern Crisis 1895-1905 9, 78, 84, 94

Fashoda 24, 25, 85, 86, 88 Ferry 17, 18, 20 Fez 88, 102 Final Crisis 1914 109-21 First Morocco Crisis 87,92,93,

102 First World War 4, 12, 36, 40,

55, 76, 82, 121 Fisher 59 France 4,11,12,13,14,15,16,

17,18,20,22,23,24,25,27, 30,45,49,58,60,69,70,71, 72,73,74,75,78,84,86,87, 88,89,90,91,92,93,99,104, 107,110,111,117,119,120

Francis Ferdinand (Archduke) 6, 109, 111, 120

Francis-Joseph, Habsburg Em­peror 52, 71

Franco-German Convention on Morocco 102

Franco-Prussian War 69 Franco-Russian Alliance (Dual

Alliance) 64, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 85, 86, 87, 89, 107

Frankfurt, Treaty of 87 Frederick, German Emperor 20 French Congo 85, 102, 103 Freycinet 14, 18

Galicia 71 Gambetta 14 German Navy Law 1898 47,48,

100 Germany 3, 6, 11, 13, 15, 16,

17, 18, 19,20,21,22,23,24, 25,26,27,28,29,30-51,53, 54,55,57,58,59,60,61,62, 63,69,71,72,74, 75, 78,79. 80,81,82,83,84,85,86, H7, 88,89,90,91.92,93,95,97, 98, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105,106,107,109,111,112, 113,114,115,116,117,118, 119, 120, 121

Giers 18, 71

134 Index

Gladstone 14, 18, 20,75 Goluchowski 98 Granville 16, 19 Grey 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 101,

102, 103, 104, 106, 116, 117, 120

Guam 22

Habsburg(s);see Austria-Hungary Habsburg Empire; see Austria­

Hungary Habsburg Monarchy; see Austria­

Hungary Hague Peace Conference, The

65 Haldane 103, 104 Hatzfeldt 77,78,80,81,88 Hawai 22 Hay 24,79 Heligoland 48, 71 High Seas Fleet; see Navy, Ger-

man Hohenlohe-Schillingsfurst 38 Holstein 46 Holy Alliance 10 Hong Kong 23 Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank

77 Hötzendorff 98 Hungary 6, 52, 111

India 13, 18,79,82,89,94,95 India, Government of 93 Indo-China 18, 23 Ireland 29 Isvolski 94, 98, 99 ltaly 11,61,70,73,86,92

Japan 22,23,25,26,74,82,84, 93,94, 100

July Crisis 1914 109-121

Kaiser, the; see William II Khedive of Egypt (Tewfik 11) 14 Kiaochow 23, 26, 80, 85 Kiderlen- Wächter 102 Kingdom of St Stephen; see Hun-

gary Kitchener 85 Korea 22 Kronstadt 72 Krüger, Paul 85, 88 Kulturkampf 36 K wangchowwan 23

Lansdowne 81, 88, 89, 91 League of Nations 65 Leopold 11 16, 17, 85 Lesseps 14 Levant 14 Liaotung 22 Libya 87; see also Tripoli Lichnowsky 117 Lloyd-George 103 London 14,17,77,78,81,87,

88, 89, 91, 105, 117 London Ambassadors' Conference

1912 v, 105 Loubet 66, 89 Luxemburg, Rosa 42

Macedonia 98 Mackinder 60 Madrid Convention 92 Manchuria 23, 24, 25

Index 135

Manchu Dynasty 22 Manila 24 Mansion House Speech 103 Marchand 75, 85, 86 Mehemet Ali 10 Meiji Restoration 22 Menshikov 10 Merv 18 Miquel 36 Moltke 72, 117 Morocco 30,49,85, 86, 87, 88,

89, 90, 102, 103 Mozambique 79, 80 Mulay Hassan 88

Napoleon I 4, 14, 85 Napoleon III 10, 61 Navy, German 45-49,100,113 Navy League (German) 113 Near East 15,27,28,69,71,84,

85, 106, 107 New Guinea 17 Nicholas 11 93, 118, 119 Nicolson 92, 93, 94 Nile 14, 18 North Africa 13 North German Confederation

1867 30 North Sea 48, 100

Omdurman 85 Ottoman Empire; see Turkey

Palmerston 76 Pamir Frontier 75 Panther 102 Panama 73

Paris 17,66,71,72,87,89,98 Paris, Peace of, 1856 9, 10, 26 Peking 22,23, 73, 77 Penjdeh Dispute 18 Persia 13, 94, 109 Persian Gulf 95, 104 Phillippines 22, 24, 79 Poincare 103, 107, 109, 116 Poland 17 Port Arthur 22, 23, 77 Portsmouth 72 Portsmouth, Treaty of 26 Portugal 17, 74, 80, 105 Portuguese Colonies 79, 105 Posadowsky 38 Prussia 4,9,30, 31,32, 35, 36,

37, 38, 42, 43, 112

Quai D' orsay (French Foreign Office) 90, 92

Reichsrat 52 Reichstag 19, 20, 23, 25, 31,

32,36,37,38,41,45,46,47, 49,50, 101, 106, 116

Reinsurance Treaty 70, 71 Risk Theory 48, 49 Rosebery 75 Roumania 15 Rouvier 90,91,92 Russia 3,4,5,8,10,11,12,15,

20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27, 29,45,49,51,57,60,69,70, 71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78, 79, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 89, 91,92,93,94,95,98,99,103, 105, 106, 109, 110, 111, 114, 115,117,118,119,120

136 Index

Russian Revolution, 1905 42, 93, 118

Russell 10, 84 Russo-Japanese War 26,54,89,

90, 109

St Petersburg 15,71,74,76,82, 94, 116

Salisbury 18,27,74,75,76,77, 80,81,82

Sanders 118 Saxony 43 Schlieffen 72, 119 Second International 35 Second Morocco Crisis; see

Agadir Second Reich; see Gerrnany Second World War 3 Senden 46,47 Serbia 51, 99, 107, 109, 111,

115, 116, 118 Sevastopol 9 Shantung 23 Shebeko 117 Shimonoseki, Treaty of 23 Shuvalov 71 Siam 78 Sino-Japanese War 22 Skierniwice 17 South Africa 74, 77, 81, 87 South West Africa 16 Spanish-American War, 1898

24 Spanish Empire 5 SPD, Gerrnan Social Democratic

Party 32,35,42,43,50,112, 116

Straits Convention 10 Straits, the 18, 75, 76, 79, 93,

98, 105, 106, 107 Sudan 85 Suez Canal 14, 79

Tangier 90 Tashkent 89 Technology 56-66 Teheran 94 Thames 48 Three Emperors' League 1873

69 Three Emperors' League 1881

12,15 Tibet 94 Times, The 88 Tirpitz 38, 45, 46, 47, 49, 59,

83, 101 Tisza 115 Tocqueville 3, 83 Tokyo 23 Tongking 23 Trans-Siberian Railway 22, 73,

75 Transvaal 79, 85 Tripie Alliance 12, 15, 29, 30,

71,72,73,74,77,81,87,115 Tripie Entente 51,99, 109 Tripie Intervention 22 Tsushima, Battle of 90 Tunis 11, 12, 72 Turkey 5,9,10,11,22,76,77,

98, 104, 105

United Nations 64 Unkiar Skelessi 10 Upper Nile 75, 85 USA 3,21, 22, 24, 26, 57, 60,

65, 79, 82, 83, 114, 115

Index 137

Venezuela Affair 74, 88 Versailles Treaty 82 Victoria 33 Vienna 15, 23, 60, 76, 97, 98,

107, 111, 115, 116, 117, 119 Vienna, Congress of 4,49 Vienna Note 9, 10

Waldersee 70, 117 Washington 24 Weihaiwei 23,77 Welt politik 3, 23, 44, 83, 91,

100 West Africa 16

William I 32 William 11 25, 32, 33, 34, 35,

36, 37, 38, 39, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47,48,49,50,70,71,78,79, 81, 82, 88, 90, 95, 100, 102, 106, 113, 118

Yangtse Basin 78 Young Turk Revolution 97

Zabern Affair 50 Zanzibar 71 Zedlitz-TTÜtzschler 37