list of chinese classifiers

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List of Chinese classifiers From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The following tables list the common classifiers and measure words found in the Chinese languages, as well as other units of measurement or currency having a similar function. For full details about these classes of words, see the article Chinese classifier. In the tables, the first and second columns contain the Chinese character representing the classifier, in traditional and simplified versions when they differ. The third column gives the pronunciation in Standard (Mandarin) Chinese, using pinyin, and the fourth gives the Cantonese pronunciation, using Yale romanization. The fifth column explains the classifier's principal uses (the types of noun with which it can be used); quotation marks surround its literal meaning. Contents [hide] 1 Nominal classifiers o 1.1 Classifiers proper o 1.2 Measure words/massifiers o 1.3 Measurement units 2 Verbal classifiers 3 Notes 4 External links Nominal classifiers[edit] Classifiers proper[edit] Trad . Simp . Mandari n (pinyin ) Cantone se (Yale) Meaning and principal uses ba2 "handful" — objects that can be held, relatively long and flat objects (knives 把, scissors 把把, swords 把/把, keys 把把/把把; also chairs 把把) běn bun2 "volume" — bound print matter (books 把/, etc.) bung6 walls 把 (Cantonese only) bou6 novels 把把/把把, movies 把把/把把, TV dramas etc. ;

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List of Chinese classifiers

List of Chinese classifiers

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The following tables list the commonclassifiersandmeasure wordsfound in theChinese languages, as well as other units of measurement or currency having a similar function. For full details about these classes of words, see the articleChinese classifier.

In the tables, the first and second columns contain theChinese characterrepresenting the classifier, intraditionalandsimplifiedversions when they differ. The third column gives the pronunciation inStandard (Mandarin) Chinese, usingpinyin, and the fourth gives theCantonesepronunciation, usingYale romanization. The fifth column explains the classifier's principal uses (the types of noun with which it can be used); quotation marks surround its literal meaning.

Contents

[hide] 1Nominal classifiers 1.1Classifiers proper 1.2Measure words/massifiers 1.3Measurement units 2Verbal classifiers 3Notes 4External linksNominal classifiers[edit]Classifiers proper[edit]Trad.Simp.Mandarin(pinyin)Cantonese(Yale)Meaning and principal uses

bba2"handful" objects that can be held, relatively long and flat objects (knives , scissors , swords /, keys /; also chairs )

bnbun2"volume" bound print matter (books /, etc.)

bung6walls (Cantonese only)

bbou6novels /, movies /, TV dramas etc.; Cantonese only: machines, vehicles

//cchaak3volumes of books (is more common in Traditional Chinese,in Simplified)

cngchang4"storey", "layer" buildings /, etc.

chngcheung4public spectacles, games /, drama /, film /, etc.

ch"location", "site" ruins /, construction site

chcheut1acts in a play, "performance" plays /, circus /, etc.

cchi3"time" opportunities /, accidents

dodou6linear projections (light rays , etc.), orders given by an authority figure , courses (of food) /, walls and doors /, questions /, number of times (for certain procedures)

dngdeng2objects with protruding top (hats , etc.)

dngdung6lit. pillars, used for buildings

ddou6walls and encompassing fixtures /

dndeun6meals /

dudo2/deu2flowers , clouds /

ffa1Military projectiles, such asbullets/,artilleryshells /,rockets,guided missilesetc.

fnfan6portions, copies newspapers /, notarized document /, contract

fngfung1letters , mail, fax /

ffuk1works of art (paintings /, etc.)

ge (g)go3individual things, people general, catch-all measure word (usage of this classifier in conjunction with any noun is generally accepted if the person does not know the proper classifier)

gngan1thin, slender objects (needles /, pillars , etc.); strands /(e.g. hair /)

hopeople, workmen (); business deals ()[1]

HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_classifiers" \l "cite_note-2" [2]

HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_classifiers" \l "cite_note-3" [3]

HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_classifiers" \l "cite_note-4" [4]

jiga1gathering of people (families , companies , etc.), establishments (shops , restaurants , hotels /)

jiga3aircraft /, pianos , machines /

jingaan1rooms , ; Cantonese only: stores, companies

jingin6matters (affairs ), clothing , etc.

jigaai3regularly scheduled sessions or meetings /, year-groups in a school (e.g. Class of 2006) /

junguen2"roll" scrolls - film /, toilet paper /

kpo1trees (/) and other such flora

kfo2small objects (hearts , pearls , teeth /, diamonds /, etc.) and also objects appearing to be small (distant stars and planets )

kuhau2people in villages , family members; wells ; blade

lileui6objects of the same type or category affair , circumstance /

llap1"grain", small objects such as a grain of rice

lingleung2wheeled vehicles: automobiles /, bicycles /, etc.

lilit6trains /

lnround competition /, discussions /

mimui4medals /, small flat things like stamps / or coins /, banana peels, bomb shells /, also for rings

mnmun4objects pertaining to academics (courses /, majors /, etc.), also forartillerypieces /.

minmin6"surface" flat and smooth objects (mirrors /, flags , etc.)

mngming4honorific, or persons with perceived higher social rank (doctors /, lawyers /, politicians, royalty, etc.); in formal language, can also be used for any type of person (not necessarily high-ranking, e.g. mother )

pnpun4flat objects (video cassettes /, etc.); literally means "dishes" and can be used for a plate of food

po, poclassifiers for liquids which need preparation (tea , urine )

ppat1horses / and other mounts; also rolls/bolts of cloth

pet6(Cantonese only) puddle of shapeless mass mud, feces, etc.

pinpin1written work: papers /, articles , novels etc.

pinpin3"slice" flat objects, cards, slices of bread /, etc.

qcase, instance (); batch, group ()[5]

HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_classifiers" \l "cite_note-6" [6]

HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_classifiers" \l "cite_note-7" [7]

HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_classifiers" \l "cite_note-8" [8]

shnsin3doors /, windows /.

shusau2songs , poems /, music , etc.

shuwashings/rinsings ()[9]

HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_classifiers" \l "cite_note-10" [10]

susau2ships

suso2for buildings whose purposes are explicitly stated, e.g. hospitals /. Otherwise can use ""

/titoi4heavy objects, esp. machines (TVs /, computers /, etc.); performances (theatre /, etc.)

tngtong4periods of classes / (e.g. "I have two classes today"), suites of furniture

tngtong3trips (usually repetitive), scheduled transportation services flights /

ttai4classifier for questions[citation needed]

tiotiu4long, narrow, flexible objects (fish /, dogs , trousers /, etc.), also for roads and rivers , pertaining to human lives, e.g. "" two (human) lives, "", lit. "one heart" (to work as one), classifiers for certain things like counter-measures, etc.

tutau4"head" domesticated animals (pigs /, cows , etc.), hair

wi"tail" fish / (ancient)

wiwai2polite classifier for people (attached to positions, not names) workers , director

xinghong6items, projects initiative /, ordinances , statements /

xinights, overnight stays ()[11]

HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_classifiers" \l "cite_note-12" [12]

HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_classifiers" \l "cite_note-13" [13]

yngyeung6general items of differing attributes

jam6(Cantonese only) odor

zsections of text notice , jokes /, news /, etc.

zhnjaan2light fixtures (usually lamps /), pot of tea etc.

zhngjeung1"sheet" flat objects (paper /, tables , etc.), faces /, bows, paintings /, tickets , constellations, blankets, bedsheets /; Cantonese only: chairs

zhjek3one of a pair (hands , legs); animals (birds , cats /, etc.)

zhji1fairly long, stick-like objects (pens /, chopsticks, roses, rifles /, etc.), fleets /

zhji1alternative form of ("stalk"): can be used for rifles / and flowers

zhngjung2types or kinds of objects (animals /)

zhtrees

zhincense

znstatues

zujo6large structures/buildings /, mountains

Measure words/massifiers[edit]Trad.Simp.Mandarin(pinyin)Cantonese(Yale)Meaning and principal uses

bnbaan1scheduled services (trains /, etc.), group of people , a class as in pupils /

bng"group", "gang" (bandits , children )

bobaau1"package", "bundle" (cookies /, cigarettes /)

bibui1"cup" liquids (water )

bi"generation", "lifetime" (people )

bbat1large quantities of money (money /, funds /)

chunsets of numbers; or something that comes in a string (e.g./: "a string of numbers";/: "pearl necklace";: "a bunch of grapes"), objects on a skewer/stick (kebabs, satays)

chungchong4"bed" blankets , sheets

didoi6"bag" sackfuls, pouchfuls, bagfuls, pocketfuls flour /

ddik6"droplet" water , blood /, other such fluids

dindim2ideas /, suggestions, can also mean "a bit" (often used to denote amount) courage /

dundyun6"adjoining length" cables /, roadways , a part in a drama, play etc. /

dudeui3"pile", "mass" trash , sand

dudeui3"couple" people , "pair" (for certain things only) earrings /, couplets; Cantonese only: pair of objects which naturally come in pairs (e.g. chopsticks , shoes , etc.)

ffuk6"dose" (Chinese) medicine

ffu3objects which come in pairs (gloves , etc.) also for spectacles/glasses /, a pack of cards , mahjong /

ggu2flows (of air /, smell , influence )....

gau6(Cantonese only) "piece of", "chunk of" rock, soap, ginger, charcoal, rice, etc.

gun"tube" toothpaste and things that comes in tubes toothpaste

gunSmall to medium cans of soda, of juice, bottles of water, cans of food...

hnghong4"row" objects which form lines (words /, etc.). is also read xng, see below.

hhap6"small box" e.g. tape, foods

/hwu6households (is common in handwritten Traditional Chinese) household

hpot tea

hufo2generally derogatory classifier for bands of people such as gangs or hoodlums ()

jdose (medicine /)

jijit3"section" of bamboo , etc.; a class period at school /; batteries (that look like a section of bamboo): ""

jgeui3lines, sentences, etc. sentence /, English /

kuifaai3"chunk", "lump", "piece" land , stones /, etc.; cake (piece/slice), bread (not slices) /, "dollar" /

lisometimes used informally instead of(ling ge), to mean "two" (especially two things or people that are close to one another)

l(strand/slither of) hair, smoke /, wind /

pipaai4"row" objects grouped in rows (chairs , etc.)

ppai1(a large amount of) people , goods , etc.

pngping4"bottle" drinks /

qkei4(issues of) periodicals /

qnkwan4"group" (incl. people ), "herd" students /, birds /

ssometimes used informally instead ofto mean "three", "three of"

shchuk1"bundle", for flowers , light, etc.

shungseung1pair of objects which naturally come in pairs (e.g. chopsticks , shoes , etc.)

totou3"set" books /, magazines, collectibles, clothes , etc.

tuntyun4"ball" rotund and wound objects (balls of yarn /, etc.)

tu"lump" mud , feces

wnwun2"bowl" soup /, rice /, congee

xi"some" general massifier. Only used in the form , or without a number (e.g. after demonstratives).

xnggroups of people traveling together, such as a trade commission or diplomats and aides visiting a foreign country: "" (having left Paris, the king and retinue were enthused). Note: almost only used in the form . is also read hng, see above.

znumber of revolutions, times to go around

zhja1In Cantonese usage, this is used in lieu of sh (), e.g. a bundle of flowers"jar", "jug" drinks such as beer, soda, juice, etc. (A recent loan-word from English, it may be considered informal or slang.)

zhnjan6"gust", "burst" events with short durations (e.g. lightning storms, gusts of wind /, etc.)

zha "pour" of water, tea (liquid); a "bet" lottery

zjou2sets, rows, series, group of people , batteries / (military)

Measurement units[edit]See alsoChinese units of measurementandChinese SI prefixes.

Trad.Simp.Mandarin(pinyin)Cantonese(Yale)Meaning

Time

miomiu5"second"

fnfan1"minute"

khak1 haak1"quarter","15 minutes" (mainly in some dialects, such asShanghainese, and translations)

tintin1"day"

ryat6"day"

ninnin4"year"

zijoi2 joi3"year" (ancient)

Weight/mass

khak1 haak1"gram"

ling50 grams(1/10jn), used to be 1/16jn

/jilngallon

jngan1"catty", "pound",1/2 kilograms

gngjngung1 gan1"metricjn", kilogram

qinkchin1 hak1/haak1"kilogram"

dndeun1"ton"

Length/distance

gngfngung1 fan1"metricfn",centimetre

lmlei4 mai5"centimetre" (More common in Mainland China and Hong Kong)

cnchyun3Chinese "inch" ( of a decimetre)

cnchyun3British inch

chche2/chek3Chinese "foot" ( of a metre)

chchek3British foot

yngchying1 chek3British foot

gngchgung1 chek3"metricch", metre

mmai5"metre"

llei5"l", (500 metres)

lle1/lei5/li1British mile

ynglying1 lei5British mile

gnglgung1 lei5"kilometre" (1000 metres)

tinwndnwitin1 man4 daan1 wai2"astronomical unit"

gungningwong1 nin4"light year"

miochjmiu5 cha1 geui6"parsec"

Money

//yunyun4"yun", "" (main unit of currency)(either form can be used in Traditional Chinese text)

kuifaai3"block", yun (a slang term, like "quid" or "buck")

wnman1"dollar" (slang in HK Cantonese)

jiogok3"jio", "dime", "tenpence"

mohou4"mo", "dime", "tenpence" (slang)

fnfan1/fan6"fn", "cent", "penny"

Verbal classifiers[edit]SeeChinese classifier Verbal classifiers.

Trad.Simp.Mandarin(pinyin)Cantonese(Yale)Meaning and uses

binbin3 pin3the number of times an action has been completed

chngcheung4a length of an event taking place within another event

cchi3times (unlike,refers to the number of times regardless of whether or not it was completed)

dndeun6actions without repetition

huwui4occurrences (usedcolloquially)

shngseng1/sing1cries, shouts, etc.

tngtong3trips, visitations, etc.

xiha5/ha6brief and often sudden actions (much more common inCantonesethan in North dialects).