list of foreign words

8/10/2019 List of Foreign Words

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1 a fortiori = with yet stronger reason.

2 a mensa et thoro = divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce from

bed-and-board; a de facto separation while remaining legally married

3 a posse ad esse = from possibility to actuality.

4 a posteriori = derived by reasoning from observed facts

. 5 a priori = from what was before.

6 ab incunablis = from the origin.

7 ab initio = from the beginning.

8 ab intra = from within.

9 ab urbe condita (AUC) = from the founding of the city (Rome in 753 BC).

10 actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea = the act does not make a person guilty unless the mind is

also guilty

11 actus reus = guilty act; the objective element of a crime; the external element of a crime

12 ad absurdum = to the point of absurdity.

13 ad coelum/cuius est solum, eius est usque ad caelum et ad inferos = for whoever owns the soil,

it is theirs up to Heaven and down to Hell14 ad colligenda bona = to collect the goods

15 ad damnum = According to the harm; appropriate to the harm; a measure of damage inflicted,

and implying a remedy if one exists that ought to correspond specifically and only to the damage

suffered.

16 ad eundem / ad eundem gradum = to the same level.

17 ad hoc = for this (purpose); composed or designed for a particular purpose only

18 ad hominen = argument against the man; argument to the man: also see argumentum ad

hominem

19 ad idem = of the same mind.

20 ad infinitum = to infinity; continue forever; without limit21 ad libitum = according to pleasure

. 22 ad litem = for the suit.

23 ad locum (ad loc.) = at the place.

24 ad nauseam = repeated continuously or continuing to the point of boredom

25 Ad quod damnum = According to the harm; appropriate to the harm; a measure of damage

inflicted, and implying a remedy if one exists that ought to correspond specifically and only to the

damage suffered.

26 ad valorem = according to value.

27 addenda = things to be added.

28 administrator de bonis non cum testamento annexo = administrator of goods not administeredwith the will annexed

29 advocatus diaboli = devil's advocate.

30 affidavit = declaration upon oath; a formal sworn statement of fact

31 agenda = things to be done (used especially for a list of items to be discussed at a meeting).

32 alea iacta est = the die is cast (Caesar).

33 alibi Elsewhere, at another place

34 alimenta Means of support (i.e., food, clothing, shelter)


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35 aliunde From elsewhere, from a different source

36 alma mater = one's old school or university.

37 alter ego = the other

38 altercatio Forensic argumentation; cross-examination

39 ambigendi locus Room for doubt

40 amicus curiae = friend of the court.

41 amicus omnibus, amicus nemini = a friend to all is a friend to none.

42 animus nocendi = animus-mind, noceo-to harm: the subjective state of mind of the author of a

crime, with reference to the exact knowledge of illegal content of his behavior, and of its possible

consequences.

43 anno domini (AD) = in the year of the Lord.

44 annus horribilis = a terrible year.

45 annus mirabilis = a wonderful year.

46 ante bellum = before the war.47 ante meridiem (a.m.) = before midday.

48 ante = before49 aqua fortis = nitric acid.

50 aqua pura = pure water.

51 arguendo = for the sake of argument

52 argumentum a fortiori = even more so; from the stronger; with even stronger reason. For

example: i) If it is illegal to steal one apple then it is also illegal to steal ten apples (from smaller to

bigger, a minore ad maius): ii) If you can drink ten sodas then it follows that you can drink five (from

bigger to smaller, a maiore ad minus).

53 argumentum ad hominem = argument against the man; argument to the man; attacking the

person; replying to an argument or factual claim by attacking or appealing to a characteristic or belief

of the source making the argument or claim, rather than by addressing the substance of theargument or producing evidence against the claim

54 ars gratia artis = art for art's sake.

55 aude sapere = dare know.

56 audi alteram partem = hear the other side (a principle of natural justice).

57 Bancus Communium Placitorum Court of Common Pleas

bella gerant alii = let others wage war.

59 bona fide (adjective) = genuine, sincere.

60 bona fides Documents proving identity (or 'good faith')

61 bona fiscalia Public property

62 bona mobilia Moveable property

63 bona peritura Perishable goods

64 bona vacantia = vacant goods: Indicates the absence of any known person entitled to the estate

of a deceased person

65 c.a.v. = the court wishes to be advised: abbreviation for curia advisari vult

66 cadit quaestio (cq) = the question falls; the matter admits no further argument (the facts have

been double checked).

67 Camera Stellata The Star Chamber (renowned court of 16th century England)


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68 capias ad audiendum Writ ordering appearance in court

69 capias ad respondendum Writ ordering the arrest of a person

70 capias ad satisfaciendum Writ ordering satisfaction of an order

71 caret = it is lacking (used in editing to indicate that something is to be inserted).

72 carpe diem = seize the day.

73 casus belli = the circumstances justifying war.

74 cave canem = beware of the dog.

75 caveat emptor = let the buyer beware.

76 caveat lector = let the reader beware.

77 caveat venditor = let the seller beware

78 certiorari = to be shown: an action of certiorari was suggested in terms of reviewing a case

79 ceteris paribus = with other things the same; all other things being equal

80 chartae libertatum Charters of liberties

81 circa (c, followed by a date) = about.

82 clausula rebus sic stantibus = things thus standing : the legal doctrine allowing for treaties to

become inapplicable because of a fundamental change of circumstances. It is essentially an escapeclause that makes an exception to the general rule ofpact sunt servanda; promises must be kept

83 claves curiae Keys of the court

84 Codex Justinianus The Justinian Code

85 codex A volume of manuscripts; a code of laws

86 cogito, ergo sum = I think, therefore I am (Descartes).

87 compos mentis = of sound mind: Legally capable to conduct or defend proceedings: non compos

mentis = not of sound mind

88 concensus facit legem = agreement makes the law; permission makes the law; consent makes

the law

89 conditio sine qua non = a condition without which it could not be or without which there isnothing.

90 confer = bring together

91 consensus ad idem Agreement as to the same things

92 consensus Unanimously, by general consent

93 consuetudo est altera lex = custom is another law

94 consuetudo pro lege servatur = custom is kept before the law

95 consuetudo vincit communem legem = custom overrules the common law

96 contra bonos mores = against good morals

97 contra jus commune = against common law

98 contra jus gentium = against the law of nations99 contra legem = against the law

100 contra proferentem = against the one bringing forth;

101 contra = against

102 contradictio in adjecto = contradiction in terms; contradiction in itself

103 contradictio in terminus = contradiction in terms

104 cor (coram) = In the presence of

105 cor unum = one heart.


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106 coram Deo = in the Presence of God

107 coram non judice = not in the presence of a judge; a legal proceeding without a judge; with

improper venue; without jurisdiction.

108 coram populo = in the presence of the people; openly

109 corpus delicti = body of the offence

110 Corpus Iuris Secundum = C.J.S; an encyclopedia of U.S. law: Full name; Corpus Juris

Secundum:

111 Corpus Juris Civilis Body of civil law

112 corpus juris Body of law

113 corpus omnis Romani juris Compendium of Roman laws

114 corpus vile = worthless body

115 Corpus Juris Canonici Body of religious law

116 corpus The body; collection of law or writings

117 corrigenda = things to be corrected

118 corruptio optimi pessima = the corruption of the best is the worst

119 corruptissima re publica plurimae leges = When the republic is at its most corrupt the laws aremost numerous

120 corruptus in extremis = corrupt to the extreme

121 Credo in Unum Deum = I Believe in One God

122 crimen laesae maiestatis = the crime of injured majesty, an offense against an authority,

someone's dignity or against a sacred custom

123 cucullus non facit monachum = The hood does not make the monk

124 cui bono? = who benefits?

125 cui malo? = who suffers a detriment unjust?

126 cui prodest/cui prodest scelus is fecit = for whom it advances/for whom the crime advances, he

has done it 127 cuius est solum eius est usque ad coelum et ad inferos = Whose the land is, all theway to the sky and to the underworld is his; For whosoever owns the soil, it is theirs up to the sky

and down to the depths

128 cuius regio, eius religio = whose region, his religion: the religion of the king of the region is the

religion of the people

129 cuiusvis hominis est errare, nullius nisi insipientis in errore perseverare = Anyone can err, but

only the fool persists in his fault: Marcus Tullius Cicero, Philippica XII, ii, 5.

130 culpa = guilt; blame; mistake

131 cum gladiis et fustibus = with swords and clubs

132 cum gladio et sale = with sword and salt

133 cum grano salis = with a grain of salt (not literally).134 cum hoc ergo prompter hoc = with this, therefore on account of this: correlation does not imply

causation 135 cum laude = with praise

136 cum mortuis in lingua mortua = with the dead in a dead language

137 cur. adv. vult = the court wishes to be advised: abbreviation for curia advisari vult

138 cura personalis = care for the whole person

139 cura te ipsum = take care of your own self; take care of yourself first


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140 curator ad litem = a party appointed by a court to act in a lawsuit on behalf of another party;

legal representatives who are appointed by court when the court believes that the person lacks the

mental capacity to make decisions for themselves.

141 curia advisari vult = the court wishes to be advised

142 curia A court of law

143 curriculum vitae = a summary of a person's career and working life.

144 custodia legis = in the custody of law

145 custos morum = keeper of morals; a censor

146 custos Guardian

147 cygnus inter anates = swan among ducks

148 da mihi factum, dabo tibi ius = give me the fact, I will give you the law

149 damnatio memoriae = damnation of memory: a custom in which disgraced Romans were

pretended to have never existed.

150 damnum absque injuria = damage without injury: one is not responsible for unintended,

consequential injury to another resulting from a lawful act, excluding unintended damage by

negligence or foolishness.151 data venia = with due respect; given the excuse

152 de bonis asportatis = carrying goods away: the traditional name for larceny

153 de bonis non administratis = of goods not administered: An appointed person who administer

an estate following the death of the original administrator

154 de die in diem From day to day

155 de facto = in fact (especially in contradistinction to "de jure").

156 de fideli = with faithfulness

157 de futuro = regarding the future

158 de gustibus non est disputandum = there is no accounting for taste.

159 de integro As regards the whole160 de jure = by right

161 de lege ferenda = from law to be passed; what the law should be

162 de lege lata = from law passed; by law in force; the law as it exists

163 de lunatico inquiriendo A writ to inquire into the insanity of a person

164 de minimis non curat praetor = The commander does not bother with the smallest

things.

165 de minimis = with respect to trifles.

166 de minimus non curat lex = The law does not bother with the smallest things; The law does not

concern itself with trifles

167 de mortuis aut bene aut nihil = about the dead, either well or nothing168 de mortuis nil nisi bonum/de mortuis nil nisi bonum dicendum est = no one can speak ill of the

dead; let nothing be said of the dead but what is good; of the dead, speak no evil

169 de nobis fabula narratur = about us is the story told

170 de novo = afresh; anew; beginning again

171 defalcation = embezzlement; bad acts that changes a particular debt so it cannot be discharged

in bankruptcy

172 delectatio morosa = peevish delight.


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173 deo duce = with God for a leader.

174 deo gratias = thanks be to God.

175 deo volente = God willing.

176 deus ex machina = a god from a machine, a contrived, artificial event that resolves a problem

at the last moment.

177 dictum meum pactum = my word is my bond.

178 dictum probium = A personal or individual dictum that is given by the judge who delivers an

opinion but that is not necessarily concurred in by the whole court and is not essential to the

disposition.

179 dictum sapienti sat est = a word to the wise is sufficient.

180 dictum/dicta (plural) = is a statement of opinion or belief considered authoritative because of the

dignity of the person making it.

181 dies juridicus A day on which the court is in session

182 dies non juridicus A day on which the court is not in session

183 doli incapax = Incapable of deceit; Incapable of crime: conclusive presumption or irrebuttable

presumption: in English law it is a presumption of law that cannot be rebutted by evidence and must be taken to be the case whatever the

evidence to the contrary.

184 dolus specialis = special intent; specific intent

185 dominium Ownership

186 dramatis personae = the list of characters in a play.

187 dubitante Doubting the correctness of the decision

188 duces tecum = Bring with you: Order to produce document to court: see subpoena duces tecum

189 dulce et decorum est pro patria mori = it is sweet and proper to die for one's country (Horace).

190 dum spiro, spero = as long as I breathe, I hope (Cicero).

191 dum vires annique sinunt, tolerate labores = while strength and years permit, endure labor(Ovid).

192 dura lex, sed lex = the law is harsh, but it is the law.

193 ecce homo = behold the man.

194 ego = consciousness of one's own identity.

195 ei incumbit probatio qui The onus of proving the fact rests upon a man

196 eiusdem generis = of the same kind.

197 emeritus = retired after distinguished service and holding an honorary title (for example,

emeritus professor).

198 ergo = therefore.

199 errata = a list of errors (in a document or book).


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200 erratum = error; mistake: errata (plural); errors; mistakes 201 et

alia = and other things. 202 et alii (et al.) = and others. 203 et cetera

(etc.) = and so on. 204 et sequentes (et seq. or seqq.) = and those that

follow. 205 et ux = and wife 206 et uxor (abbreviated et ux.) = and wife.

207 ex cathedra = formally, with official authority. 208 ex concessis Inview of what has already been accepted 209 ex curia = out of court. 210

ex facie On the fact of it 211 ex gratia = purely as a favour. 212 ex libris =

from the library; from the books 213 ex nihilo = out of nothing. 214 ex

officio = by virtue of his office. 215 ex parte = by only one party to a

dispute in the absence of the other. 216 ex post facto = retrospectively.

217 excusatio non petita, accusatio manifesta = he who excuses himself,

accuses himself (qui s'excuse, s'accuse). 218 exeat = permission for a

temporary absence. 219 Exempli Gratia (eg) = For example: Used whenexplaining a statement through a relevant example 220

faciendum Something which is to be done 221 factum - an act; a deed 222

fama nihil est celerius = nothing is swifter than a rumour. 223 felo de

se = felon of himself; suicide: an adult who committed suicide

was considered a felon. The crime was punishable by forfeiture of

property to the king. The felon would get a shameful buria 224 ferae

naturae = wild animals of nature: unowned property: English property

law and English tort law case about rights to wild animals; Keeble vHickeringill, 11 East 574, 103 Eng. Rep. 1127 OR 3 Salk. 9 (as Keeble v

Hickeringhall) Queen's Bench, 1707: American law; Pierson v. Post (3

Cai. R. 175, 2 Am. Dec. 264) (Supreme Court of New York 1805) 225 fiat

justitia ruat caelum = do justice, let the sky fall: justice should be

done regardless of the consequences 226 fiat = let it be done. 227

fides = faith 228 fiducia = trust 229 fiduciary = trustee: also fiduciary

duty; someone who acts for and on behalf of another person in a

particular matter in circumstances which give rise to a relationship oftrust and confidence: A fiduciary (fid) is expected to be highly loyal to

the person (principal) to whom he owes the duty: he should not put his

personal interests before the duty, and he should not profit from his

position as a fiduciary, unless the principal consents (however the

question remains; when can a principal consent?) 230 fieri facias = that


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you cause to be made: a writ of execution after judgment obtained in a

legal action for debt or damages caused by a person/party 231 flagrante

delicto = in the progressing offence or misdeed: caught in the act of

committing an offence: caught red-handed 232 floruit = he flourished.

233 Forum Conveniens = At a convenient place: The Court havejurisdiction in a particular case 234 forum non conveniens =

inappropriate forum: when a court refuse to hear a case that has been

brought before it 235 fructus naturales - plants and trees which grow

naturally without cultivation. 236 functus officio = having discharged his

duty and thus ceased to have any authority over a matter. 237

gaudeamus igitur = so let us rejoice. 238 gratus dictum = an assertion

that a person makes without being obligated to do so, or also a court's

discussion of points or questions not raised by the record or itssuggestion of rules not applicable in the case at bar. 239 gravamen = the

essential element of a lawsuit 240 guardian ad litem = legal guardian

241 habeas corpus = you may have the body. (The opening words of a

prerogative writ requiring a person holding another person to bring that

person before a court.) 242 hic jacet = here lies. 243 honoris causa = as a

mark of esteem. 244 hostis humani generis = enemy of mankind 245

ibidem (ibid. in citations, etc.) = in the same place. 246 id est (i.e.) = that

is. 247 idem = the same. 248 Ignorantia Juris non excusat = Ignorance ofthe law is no excuse: When committing an offence guilty parties cannot

use as a defence the fact that they did not know that they were breaking

the law 249 imperator = emperor. 250 imprimatur = let it be printed.

251 in absentia = while absent. 252 In Camera = In the chamber: The

hearing of a case in private with selected participans, without the facts

being reported to the public: Often used when minors are involved. 253

in casu extremae necessitatis = in case of extreme necessity. 254 in

casu = in this case. 255 in curia = in court. 256 in delicto At fault 257 indeo speramus = in God we trust. 258 in esse In existence 259 in

extenso = at full length. 260 in extremis = near death. 261 in flagrante

delicto = in the very act of committing an offence. 262 in illo

tempore = at that time. 263 in limine = at the threshold 264 in loco

extremis = in the farthest place. 265 in loco parentis = in place of a


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parent. 266 in medias res = in the midst of things. 267 in memoriam = in

memory. 268 in omnibus In every respect 269 In Personam = Against the

person: Proceedings issued against a

specific person: Proceedings issued with reference to a specific

person: an "admiralty action" in personam would be issued against theowner of a ship 270 in pleno In full 271 In Re = In the matter of:

Concerning...........: A heading in legal documents which introduces the

title of the matter or proceedings 272 in silico = by means of a computer

simulation. 273 in situ = in its original situation. 274 in solidum The

whole. In a situation where several co-obligants are bound "in solidum",

each is liable in full payment or performance. The creditor may choose

which of the obligants s/he will sue. Every person whose name appears

on a bill, whether as acceptor or endorser, is liable in full payment of itscontents. After payment, s/he may do diligence against the others for

relief. Term 'in solidum' is contrasted with term 'pro rata'. To be bound

'pro rata' is in a joint obligation to not be bound for the whole but only

for their share. 275 in specie = in kind; (a) in its own form and not in an

equivalent (b) in coins and not in paper money. 276 in terrorem As a

warning or a deterrent 277 in toto = entirely. 278 in vino veritas = in

wine there is truth. 279 in vitro = taking place outside a living organism:

in vitro fertilization 280 in vivo = happening within a living organism.281 index librorum prohibitorum = official list of the books not to be

read by Catholics. 282 indicia Marks, signs 283 infra dig = unbecoming

(slang). 284 infra = below or on a later page. 285 inter alia = among

other things: The details given are only an extract from the whole 286

inter se = among themselves. 287 inter vivos = during life. 288

interium Temporary; in the meanwhile 289 intra muros = within the

walls. 290 intra vires = within the powers; within the power of: An act

that falls within the jurisdiction of the Court: Opposite: ultra vires =beyond the powers 291 Intra = Within 292 ipsissima verba The very

words of a speaker 293 Ipso Facto = By the fact: The dependance upon

facts that together prove a point 294 judicial dictum = an opinion by a

court on a question that is directly involved, briefed, and argued by

counsel, and even passed on by the court, but that is not essential to the


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decision. 295 jurat/jurare = he swears/to swear 296 jus ad bellum/ius

ad bellum = justice to War; just war 297 jus ad bellum/jus ad bellum =

justice to war; just war 298 jus civile = civil law 299 jus cogens/jus

cogens = compelling law: it is a fundamental principle of international

law which is accepted by the international community of states as anorm from which no derogation is ever permitted (preremptory norm).

300 jus commune/jus commune = common law 301 jus naturale Natural

justice 302 jus/ius = justice 303 latine dictum = spoken in Latin. 304 lex

talionis The law of retaliation 305 loco citato (loc. cit.) = in the passage

just quoted. 306 locum tenens = one occupying the place. assistent,

deputy 307 locum tenens A deputy 308 locus

delicti or lex loci delicti commissi = law of the place where the tort was

committed 309 Locus in quo = The place in which: may be used asreference to subject matter during proceedings ie scene of accident 310

locus sigilli (l.s.) = the place of the seal. 311 locus standi = the right to be

heard in court. 312 magna carta = Great Charter 313 magna cum

laude = with great honour or academic distinction. 314 magnum

opus/ plural magna opera = a great work; great work 315 mala

fide/mala fides = bad faith; in bad faith. 316 malum in se = wrong or evil

in itself 317 malum prohibitum/ plural mala prohibita = wrong (as or

because) prohibited 318 mandamus = we command 319 mare clausum =closed sea 320 mare liberum = the free sea; the freedom of the sea 321

Mater semper certa = the mother is always certain; the identity of the

mother of the child is always certain. 322 me judice = I being the judge;

in my opinion 323 mea culpa = my fault, or my own fault 324 mea

maxima culpa = my big mistake; my most grievous fault 325 memento

mori = remember that you have to die. 326 memorandum = a note of a

something to be remembered. 327 mens rea = guilty mind: The intention

to commit an offence whilst knowing it to be wrong or against the law328 mens sana in corpore sano = a sound mind in a sound body. 329

mirabile dictu = wonderful to relate. 330 modus operandi = the manner

of working. 331 monumentum aere perennius = an immortal work of art

or literature (literally, "a monument more lasting than bronze")

(Horace). 332 motion in limine = at the threshold 333 multi multa; nemo


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omnia novit = many know many things; no one knows everything. 334

multum in parvo = much in a small compass. 335 multus amicus, nullus

amicus = a friend to all is a friend to none. 336 mutatis mutandis = the

necessary changes being made. 337 ne plus ultra = the highest standard

of excellence. 338 nemine contradicente (nem. con.) = unanimously. 339nemine dissentiente (nem. dis.) = unanimously. 340 nemo dat quod non

habet No one can give a better title than he has 341 nexus Connection

342 nihil obstat = nothing stands in the way. 343 nil

desperandum = there is no cause for despair (Horace). 344 nisi Unless

345 nolens volens = whether one likes it or not; willing or unwilling. 346

nolle prosequi = to be unwilling to prosecute. 347 Non Compos Mentis =

Not sound in mind: A person proven/classed as unfit to conduct or

defend legal proceedings 348 non constat It is not certain 349 Non EstFactum = It is not (my) deed 350 non sequitur It does not follow, i.e., an

inconsistent statement 351 noscitur a sociis = the meaning of a word can

be known from the context. 352 Nota Bene (nb) = Note well: An

abbreviation denoting/indicating that the reader of an article or

writing should make a specific note of the article/writing mentioned 353

novus actus interveniens = Newly intervening act: a principle in criminal

law; an act that breaks the chain of causation 354 Nulla Bona = No

effects: The defendant has no goods of any value to remove; usually anotice of a sheriff to a High Court writ of execution indicating that the

defendant possesses nothing of value that can be removed 355 numero

pondere et mensura deus omnia condidit = God created everything by

number, weight and measure (Isaac Newton). 356 obiter

dictum (singular) or obiter dicta (plural) = said by the way. A remark or

observation made by a judge that, although included in the body of the

court's opinion, does not form a necessary part of the court's decision:

Words said/mentioned in passing by a Judge on a legal point howevernot constituting part of the evidence or judgment 357 omne ignotum pro

magnifico est = all things unknown seem grand (Tacitus the Elder). 358

omnia mutantur, nos et mutamur in illis = all things are changing, and

we are changing with them. 359 omnia vincit amor, nos et cedamus

amori = love conquers all things, let us too yield to love (Virgil). 360


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onus probandi = burden of proof 361 opere citato (op. cit.) = in the work

just quoted. 362 opinio juris sive necessitatis = an opinion of law or

necessity 363 opinio juris = an opinion of law 364 orse Otherwise 365

pacta sunt servanda = promises must be kept 366 par delictum Equal

fault 367 pari passu = equally. 368 parturiunt montes, nascetur ridiculusmus = the mountains are in labour; a ridiculous mouse will be born

(Horace); great promises, but no result or only a insignificant result 369

passim = in various places (in a quoted work). 370 pater est quem

nuptiae demonstrant = the father is whom the marriage

(vows) demonstrate; the father is indicated by marriage. 371 pax

intrantibus = peace to those who enter. 372 pax vobiscum = peace be

with you. 373 pedente lite = pending the suit. 374 per annum = per year.

375 per ardua ad alta = through difficulties to the heights. 376 per arduaad astra = through difficulties to the stars. 377 per capita = for each

head; for each person; By heads: eg the cost is $20 per capita - $20 each

person 378 per centum = per hundred. 379 per curiam In the opinion of

the court 380 per diem = per day. 381 per mensem = per month. 382 per

minas By means of menaces or threats 383 per omnia saecula

saeculorum = for ever and ever. 384 Per Pro (pp) = For another/through

another: A person delegated/ordered to act for another 385 per

procurationem (per pro or pp) = as agent for. 386 per quod By reason ofwhich 387 per se = intrinsically; in itself/by itself; in

themselves: Indicating that the topic should be taken alone 388 per = for

each; As stated by 389 persona non grata = a non-acceptable person. 390

post hoc ergo propter hoc = after this, therefore because of this (a logical

fallacy). 391 post meridiem (p.m.) = after midday. 392 post

mortem = after death (also figuratively). 393 prima facie = on a first

view. 394 prima impressionis On first impression 395 primus inter

pares = first among equals. 396 pro bono publico = in the public good.397 pro bono = done without charge in the public interest. 398 pro

forma = for the sake of form. 399 pro hac vice = for this occasion. 400

pro rata = according to the rate. 401 pro se = on one's own behalf. 402

pro tanto = to that extent. 403 pro tempore (pro tem) = for the time

being. 404 proximo (prox.) = of the next month. 405 publici juris Of


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public right 406 qua = in the capacity of. 407 quaeitur The question is

raised 408 quaere = inquire; query 409 quantum in me fuit = I have done

my best. 410 quantum meruit = as much as he has deserved; reasonable

value of services 411 quantum How much; an amount 412 quasi = as if.

413 qui desiderat pacem, praeparet bellum = let him who desires peaceprepare for war (Vegetius). 414 qui facit per alium facit per se = the one

who acts through another, acts in his or her own interests 415 qui

tam/qui tam pro domino rege quam pro se ipso in hac parte sequitur =

he who sues in this matter for the king as well as for himself 416 quid

pro quo Consideration; something for something 417 quid pro

quo = something for something. 418 quis custodiet ipsos custodes? =

who is guarding the guards? 419 quo in casu = in which case. 420 quo

vadis? = where are you going? 421 quo warranto = by what warrant? 422quod erat demonstrandum (QED) = which was to be proved. 423 quod

erat faciendum (QEF) = which was to be done. 424 quod vide

(q.v.) = which see. 425 ratio decidendi = the reason for the decision. 426

ratio decidendi/rationes decidendi = the reason/the reasons; the

rationale for the decision; the point in a case which determines the

judgment; the principle which the case establishes; The principles of law

applied by a Court upon which judicial decisions are based 427 ratio

legis est anima legis = the reason of the law is the soul of the law. 428ratio scripta = written reason 429 re = about; regarding; concerning 430

rebus sic stantibus/clausula rebus sic stantibus = things thus standing

431 reductio ad absurdum = reduction to the absurd (proving the truth

of a proposition by proving the falsity of all its alternatives). 432

regina = queen. 433 requiescat in pace = rest in peace. 434 res gestae =

things done 435 res ipsa loquitur = the thing speaks for itself. 436 res

iudicata/res judicata = a matter already judged; A thing ajudged: Once a

case has been finally decided upon by a Court the decision stands, thesame parties cannot attempt to raise the issue again, by or during

further proceedings 437 res Matter, affair, thing, circumstance 438 res

nullius = nobody's thing 439 res publica christiana = the worldwide

community of Christianity 440 res publica = public issue; public matter

441 res tantum valet quantum vendi potest = a thing is worth only what


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someone else will pay for it. 442 respondeat superior = let the master

answer 443 restitutio in integrum = restoration to original condition

444 rex = king. 445 rigor mortis = the stiffening of a body after death.

446 salve, salvete = be greeted, hail, welcome. 447 sciens Knowingly 448

secus The legal position is different, it is otherwise 449 Semble = Itappears 450 semel in anno licet insanire = one can act the fool once a

year. 451 semper fidelis = always faithful. 452 senatus populusque

Romanus (SPQR ) = the Senate and the people of Rome. 453 sensu

stricto = in a narrow or strict sense. 454 seqq = and those that follow.

455 seriatim = one after another in order. 456 si vis pacem, para

bellum = if you want peace, prepare for war. 457 sic transit gloria

mundi = thus passes the glory of the world. 458 sic = thus, used in quoted

passages to indicate that an error 459 silentium est aureum = silenceis golden. 460 silva rerum = an assorted collection of facts. 461 simplex

dictum = an unproved or dogmatic statement. 462

simpliciter = naturally; without qualification. 463 sine anno (s.a.) = year

not known. 464 Sine Die = Without a day: A hearing adjourned sine die

stands open indefinitely without a further hearing having been decided

on 465 sine qua non = an indispensable condition. 466 status quo = the

existing state of affairs 467 stet Do not delete, let it stand 468 Sub

Judice = In the course of trial: The case is under consideration.Proceedings are sub-Judice and details cannot be released 469 sub

modo Within limits 470 sub nomine Under the name of 471 sub rosa = in

confidence. 472 sub silentio In silence 473 sub verbo = under the word,

heading 474 Subpoena ad Testificum = To produce evidence:

A document directed to a person commanding him or her, under a threat

of penalty, to appear before a Court and give evidence 475 subpoena

duces tecum = bring with you under penalty of punishment 476

subpoena = a written command/order to a person to testify before acourt or be punished. 477 suggestio falsi The suggestion of something

which is untrue 478 sui generis Unique 479 suppressio veri The

suppression of the truth 480 supra = beyond; over; more than; in charge

of, in authority over; on top; more; above; before; formerly; 481 suum

cuique = to each his own. 482 tabula rasa = a clean


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paper 483 talis qualis Such

as it is 484 tempora, o mores! = oh, the times! oh, the morals! (Cicero).

485 tempus fugit = time flies. 486 tempus fugit, mors venit = time passes,

death advances. 487 terra firma = dry land. 488 terra incognita =

unknown land. 489 terra nullius = uninhabited land. 490 timeo danaoset dona ferentes = I fear the Greeks, even when they bring gifts (Virgil).

491 trail do novo = a new trail 492 uberrimae fidei = of the utmost good

faith. 493 ultimo (ult.) = of the previous month. 494 ultra vires = beyond

the power. 495 uno flatu = in one breath. Used in criticism of

inconsistent pleadings, ie. "one cannot argue uno flatu both that the

person is dead and also that he is responsible for wrong actions. 496

unus multorum = one of many; an average person 497 uria A court of law

498 uti possidetis = as you possess 499 uxor (ux) = wife; et ux = and wife500 vade mecum = a constant companion. 501 vale, valete = farewell.

502 vel non = or not 503 velle est posse = where there is a will, there is a

way. 504 veni, vidi, vici = I came, I saw, I conquered (Caesar). 505 vera

cause = true cause 506 verbatim = in exactly the same words 507

verbum sat sapienti (verb.sub) = a word to the wise is sufficient. 508

versus = against. 509 veto = I forbid 510 vi et armis = by force and arms.

511 vice versa = the other way around 512 vice = in place of. 513 vide

infra (v.i.) = see below 514 vide supra (v.s.) = see above 515 vide See 516videlicet = namely; that is to say; as follows: Used in text to show

examples 517 videre licet = it is permitted to see 518 Vigilantibus non

dormientibus aequitas subvenit = equity aids the vigilant, not the

negligent; equity aids the vigilant, not the negligent who sleep on their

rights. 519 vires acquirit eundo = we gather strength as we go (Virgil).

520 virgo intacta = virgin. 521 vis major = an act of God; a superior force

522 viz. = namely; that is to say; as follows 523 volens Willing 524

volenti non fit injuria = no injury is done to a person who consents; to awilling person, no injury is done. 525 volenti non fit injuria = that to

which a man consents cannot be considered an injury. 526 vox

populi = voice of the people.

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