literature review 2011

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6CN010 - Dissertation6CN010 - Dissertation

Literature Review


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Literature Review

What is it?

A critical analysis of the body of literature on the subject/topic ofresearch (Fellows & Lui, 2008)

Why review literature? !o e"plore ideas/interests #aluable in establishin$ the %ariety of ters and definitions and

hence the basis for selectin$ ost appropriate definition !o learn the 'lan$ua$e and 'eanin$s of that particular research

area

!o now latest research findin$s/current state of nowled$e on thesubject

!o identify liitations of current state of nowled$e on the subjectand how the proposed research ais to add to what is nown

D.E. Searle & S.Suresh


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Why review literature?

(Cont!"

!o identify trends in research acti%ity in that field, definin$ areasof theoretical and epirical weaness

!o $et an appreciation of wor already done or under way

!o deonstrate a fully 'professional $rasp of the bac$roundtheory to your subject/topic

!o copare the results of different studies

!o set the conte"t of your own study

!o benefit fro the references and biblio$raphyD.E. Searle & S.Suresh


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*ources for Literature +e%iew



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Con!u#tin$ Literature Review(1" dentify ey words and use the to search for rele%ant literature (journalsarticles, boo, etc)-

.se the references in obtained literature to search for other relatedliterature-

+ead abstracts/e"ecuti%e suaries of accessed literature to identify therele%ant literature-

*i throu$h the rele%ant literature to ha%e an understandin$ of theliterature and also to identify those central to the research topic-

ased on the understandin$ of the literature, $roup the literature into subtopics within the o%erall topic/subject of the research indicatin$ the linbetween the subtopics e-$- Literature ap-



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Con!u#tin$ Literature Review (%"

Fro the $roupin$s, position the research bein$ undertaen withinthe lar$er body of literature to clearly illustrate where the research

fits and how it contributes to the literature-

1ritically read the literature that are central to the research topic,tain$ note of the ain issues, ain ar$uents, researchethodolo$y and ain findin$s/ iplication of findin$s/ conclusions/recoendations-

rite suaries for the notes-

1obine the suaries to for the literature re%iew sections andchapter, structurin$ the re%iew under thees or iportant concepts-

(Adapted fro 1reswell (2003)



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y'es o Literature Review (1"

*elfstudy re%iew 1onte"t re%iew

4istorical re%iew

!heoretical re%iew 5ethodolo$ical re%iew



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y'es o Literature Review (%"

Self-study reviews: increase the readers

confidence-

Learn & stiulate new ideas

67$i%in$ others confidence in the re%iewerscoand of the field7-



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y'es o Literature Review ()"

Context reviews: place a specific project in the bi$picture-

67creatin$ lins to a de%elopin$ body of nowled$e7

67tells the reader how a project fits into the bi$picture7point to a 9uestion or unresol%ed conflict:research 9uestion, objecti%es, hypotheses;7-

(? p30)



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y'es o Literature Review (*"

Historical reviews: trace the de%elopent of an

issue o%er tie-

67helpful7to show how we $ot to where we are

today :i-e- history of the de%elopent of @uantity

*ur%eyors;

(? p30)



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y'es o Literature Review (+"

Theoretical reviews: copare how different

theories address an issue :i-e- leadership stylesdispute resolution ethods procureent systes;-

67presents different theories about the saethin$ ay copare theories for the soundness of

their assuptions7 inte$rate two theories ore"tend theory-

(? p30)



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y'es o Literature Review (6" Methodological reviews: point out how ethodolo$y

%aries by study-

67specialiBed type7researcher e%aluatesethodolo$ical stren$th of past studies7-

An unliely approach for a dissertation (i-e- test,

conclude, theory) .! ay be eleents of such are%iew in 6+esearch 5ethod chapter to 'support and justify’ the ethod(s) you select(? p30)



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as,

7Cenerally since the be$innin$ of the 20th century, re$ulations ha%e been putin place to control acti%ities and address specific probles on constructionsites (4*L, =333)- !he construction re$ulations of =3D= and =3DD which were

ade under the Factories Acts of =3E>, =38 and =3D= priarily pro%idedhealth and safety (4&*) control of acti%ities (4*L, =333)- !hey howe%er did notpro%ide $uidance on health and safety ana$eent which accordin$ to theinfluence networ is the ost si$nificant strate$y le%el influence (oelLiited, 200>)- n =3>, the 4ealth and *afety at or etc Act (4*A) =3>was introduced to pro%ide a coprehensi%e and inte$rated sin$le piece ofle$islation dealin$ with the health and safety of people at wor and theprotection of the public fro wor acti%ities (4u$hes and Ferrett, 2008)-

hich type of literature re%iew is thisG



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Note-a,in$ an! r$anisin$ the Review

(1"Hou ust tae notes of your literature-

Focus on? I he ain issues a!!resse! I he ain ar$uents 'ut orwar!

I What you are tryin$ to $et out o a sour#e (rather thanon what the authors are tryin$ to say"


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(%" As yourself the followin$ 9uestions?

I What !o 4 ,now alrea!y? I What a 4 loo,in$ or in this sour#e 5 what !o 4 thin$ 4

nee!?

I What is useul or !ierent in this sour#e $iven y

e3istin$ ,nowle!$e?

1onsider usin$ a notetain$ for for each piece ofliterature (refer to handout)



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()" Jssential to aintain a literature file to store the aterial you

collect, structured as follows?

*ubdi%ide file into a nuber of topical areas I E.$. su''ose investi$atin$ the i'a#t o #ulture on

#onstru#tion 'ro!u#tivity then you ay #reate se#tionso the ile on

Kefinition and easureent of culture

Kefinition and easureent of producti%ity Factors affectin$ producti%ity

n each section all literature and suary fors will be included

1reate an inde" sheet at the front of the file with a list of allarticles, boos etc--



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he review write-u' (1"

+esults of the literature search ust be written intothe dissertation


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he review write-u' (%"

After copilation of the sources of inforation you ust

conduct a critical appraisal of pre%ious wor with a %iew

towards identifyin$ the followin$?

I Siilarities etween writers

I Coon issues raise! y writers

IDieren#es or #ontra!i#tions a!e y 'reviouswriters

I Criti#iss a!e y writers

I 7a's the ,nowle!$e area



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assi%e anner or 9uotationsG 1onsider the followin$passa$e?

Sith !"##$% said: &tiber frae is dead'( This has been blaed onthe construction process: &it is the construction process not the product) that causes probles' !*lac+) "##,%( ones !"##.% said that:&tiber frae has great potential'( Soe of this potential could bebecause of its insulation properties: as stated by /reen) !"##0%) &theenergy savings because of increased insulation would be phenoenal'(

hile usin$ rele%ant references, this te"t tells the reader little,and deonstrates a lac of synthesis and assertion on behalfof the author-

4n#or'oratin$ reeren#es (1"



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Reeren#in$ the !is#ussion (1"

Why #ite reeren#es?

I !o reinforce an ar$uent

I to hi$hli$ht contrastin$ %iews / ar$uents in the

literature

I to deonstrate depth of research I to deonstrate understandin$

I any other reasonsG



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As a courtesy to the author of the ideas, inforation or wordsyou ha%e used-

!o show that you are not pla$iarisin$ other peoples wor byain$ the source clear-

!he reference helps the reader to find the ori$inal source (e-$-boo, webpa$e etc-)-

t aes it easier to find the source aterial if you need to

re%isit the source aterial-

!he correct and appropriate use of references in acadeicwritin$ will $i%e the reader ore confidence in yourconclusions/assertions and your writin$ $enerally since itsu$$ests that you ha%e been thorou$h in the research

process- D.E. Searle & S.Suresh

Reeren#in$ the !is#ussion (%"


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When to reeren#e?

Hou should reference when you use a source ofinforation for?

A particular %iewpoint, ar$uent or theory

A source of inspiration

Kirect 9uotations (i-e- word for word reproduction ofthe source, this should be in 9uotation ars in thete"t)-

*pecific inforation (e-$- facts & fi$ures)-

Jlectronic inforation and te"ts which areparaphrased-

Reeren#in$ the !is#ussion ()"



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Reeren#in$ the !is#ussion (*"

5ore than one ethod but the one used at the.ni%ersity of ol%erhapton is !he '4ar%ard

ethod-

+efer to?

http?//www-wl%-ac-u/lib/sillsMforMlearnin$/referencin$/har%ardMreferencin$-asp"



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I each reference is identified by authors surnae andyear of publication e-$- (*ith, =33D)-

I !wo or ore sources fro sae author in sae year- I .p to two authors e-$- (*ith and Nones, 2000)-

I 5ore than two authors e-$- (*ith et al-, 200=)-


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J"ercise? ritin$ up the re%iew


Exercise 1Read the sample paper entitled ‘Surveying flood damage to

domestic dwellings: the present state of knowledge’.

he paper represents a review of the flood damage su!"ect domain.

#onsider the following:$

%s the paper concise&

%s there a critical element to the review&

%s the review presented in a logical matter&

're the references taken from appropriate sources&

're the references listed correctly and consistently&

(ow are references cited in the text $ why have they !een

used)

literature review 2011

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