literature review

By

Ph.D Scholar

Dep. of Materials Engineering

Literature Review:

Guide:

Department of Materials Engineering

Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU)Girinagar, Pune

• Introduction• Applications• Summery of Literature• Objective• Work Plan• Literature review• Summary

Outline

Introduction

•Most of the technological applications of piezoelectricity used

nowadays are based on ferroelectric materials.

•Ferroelectric materials exhibit spontaneous polarization even in the

absence of external field. Ferroelectric materials are dielectric

materials which pocess both dielectric behaviour and behaviour of

ferromagnetic materials.

•Piezoelectricity may refer to the coupling between electric field or

polarization and stress or deformation.

•Piezo means pressure, up on application of pressure the material will

be electrically polarized.

• Piezoelectric behavior is of two ways.

– Converse piezoelectric effect

– Direct piezoelectric effect

4

Introduction cont..

• One-dimensional equations of piezoelectric material

D = ɛTE + d33T

S = d33E + sET

D- electric displacement; E- electric field; T- stress; sE -compliance;

ɛT -dielectric constant.

• Relation between the piezoelectric voltage constant and piezoelectric strain constant: g33= d33/ ԑ0 ԑr

ԑ0 and ԑr are dielectric constant of free space and relative permitivity.

• Relation between dielectric constant and capacitence:

ԑ = C t/ ԑoS

C- capcitance; t- thickness; S- surface area

Source: IEEE Standard on Piezoelectric systems

5

Introduction cont..

Crystals in shoes could produce enough power to charge personal electronics.

Applications

Piezoelectric devices being embedded in dance floors to generate energy for lights

Pvdf actuators when electric field is applied holds devices.

42nd AIAA Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference (SDM), Gossamer Spacecraft Forum , 2001

Applications cont..

P. Mirow, Mirow Systemtechnik GmbH, High Resolution Piezo Film Sensor Systems for Automotive Applications pp: 249-259, Springer.

Flexible sensor for the measurement of vibrations and deformations at buildings, vehicles and machinery as well as in safety systems.

Applications cont..

Sr.No Search Engine Keywords No. Papers

1 American Chemical Society

Ceramic-polymer Composite, Nanocomposite, Hybrid Nanocomposite, Perovskite, Pvdf, Pvdf-Copolymer, Dielectric Constant, Dielectric Loss, Ferroelectric, Piezoelectric, Polarization, Three-phase Composites, MWNT, Graphene, Metal Oxide, Poling, Thin Films, Modeling, MEMS, Actuators, Sensors.

67

2 Royal Society of Chemistry 37

3 IEEE 65

4 Elsevier 110

5 Weily Online Library 5

6 Taylor & Francis 22

Summery Of Literature Review

Sr.No Search Engine Keywords No. Papers

7 Springer Ceramic-polymer Composite, Nanocomposite, Hybrid Nanocomposite, Perovskite, Pvdf, Pvdf-Copolymer, Dielectric Constant, Dielectric Loss, Ferroelectric, Piezoelectric, Polarization, Three-phase Composites, MWNT, Graphene, Metal Oxide, Poling, Thin Films, Modeling, MEMS, Actuators, Sensors.

44

8 Nature 1

9 IOP 42

10 arXIV 18

11 Cambridge 8

12 SPIE 23

13 US PATENTS 19

Summery Of Literature Review cont..

LS M & ANN

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1000@ 103 Hz pvdf/graphene

Ag SiO2/BT/PVDF

Dielectric constant of PVDF Composites

Dielectric constant

Yearly data of Dielectric constant

2003 2005 2007 2009 2010 20110

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Piezoelectric constant of polymer composite/blends

Piezoelectric Strain Constant

Cellular Ppy

PVDF-HFP/PZT

Yearly data of piezoelectric constant

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

No. of Publications of piezoelectric & dielectric polymers

No. of Publications

Source: Data collected from different search engines

Till July

Year wise Publications

Ref: WW-EAP Newsletter, Vol. 10, No.1, June 2008,issue. 19

Market study for EAP- Actuators/Sensors

• Piezoelectric materials have a wide scope of applications such as actuators, sensors and energy harvesting devices. For further development of the products for defense application, piezoelectric based composites must be developed which have superior properties than existing materials.

– To synthesis and characterization of nanoparticles and to fabricate polymer

nanocomposites.

– Modelling of piezoelectric materials by using FEM and neural networks.

– Device fabrication of PVDF Actuators.

Objective

work schdule.pptx

Work plan

Properties of Polyvinylidene Difluoride-Carbon Nanotube Blends

• Nicole Levi et.al described the properties of PVDF-CNT blends. This work was

developed to examine the piezoelectric and pyroelectric behaviour of PVDF/nanotube

blends.

• Methods: Film casting process.

• The results exhibit dispersed nanophase is responsible for morphological changes in the

polymer crystallinity and remarkably enhanced piezoelectric behavior over the pristine

polymer.

Nicole Levi, Richard Czerw, Shuya Xing, Preethi Iyer, and David L. Carroll,Nano Letters, Vol. 4, No. 7, 2004, 1267-1271

Literature review

X-ray diffraction spectra of PVDF-TrFE X-ray diffraction spectra for PVDF-TrFE/SWNT 0.05 wt %


Literature review cont..

Dielectric and Ferroelectric Properties of Polyvinylidene Fluoride

(PVDF)- Pb0.52Zr0.48TiO3 (PZT) Nano Composite Films.

• This paper reports structural, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of the

PVDF composite films with different amount of nano size powder.

• PZT nano powder was fabricated using sol-gel precursor method.

• The nano composites composed of nano sized PZT particle and PVDF

polymer were prepared by solution casting.

• The dielectric constant variation with frequency of PVDF and PVDF-PZT

composite films measured at Room temperature.

M. B. Suresh, Tsung-Her Yeh, Chih-Chieh Yu,Chou, Ferroelectrics, 381:80–86, 2009.


M. B. Suresh, Tsung-Her Yeh, Chih-Chieh Yu,Chou, Ferroelectrics, 381:80–86, 2009.


SEM images of pure polymer composite film dried at 100◦C for 22 min and annealed at 80◦C for 1 hr.

• BaTiO3-carbon nanotube/polyvinylidene fluoride three-phase composites with high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss.

Sheng-Hong Yao et al. proposed a different strategy to improve the dielectric constant of

the polymer matrix.

Carbon nanotube fMWNT=0.01 embedded in the polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF is used as

the dielectric matrix of composites.

They observed when BaTiO3 volume fraction of 0.15 added to the composites enhanced

the dielectric constant (151) and reduced the dielectric loss (0.08).

S. H. Yao et al.,APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 93, 182905, 2008



S. H. Yao et al.,APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 93, 182905, 2008

Dependences of (a) ԑeff and (b) dielectric loss of the BaTiO3-MWNT/PVDF three-phase composites on frequency at room temperature. The inset presents the dielectric constant vs frequency log-log plots, and the solid line is a linear fit for experiment data.

Permittivity, Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Stability of Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/Graphene Nanocomposites.

• In this study, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/graphene composites were fabricated using thermally reduced GSs by solution blending.

• GO sheets (GOs) were prepared from natural graphite powder by a modified Hummers method.

• GO sheets obtained were heated to 600 °C in a tube furnace with heating rate of 5 °C/min at a nitrogen atmosphere and held in the furnace for 2 h, turning GO into GSs.

• Electrical and thermal behaviors of the composites at various wt% were investigated.

IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Vol. 18, No. 2; April 2011


•The incorporation of graphene sheets (GSs) increased the permittivity of PVDF, resulting in a transition with a percolation threshold of 4.5 wt%.•The composite containing 7.5 % GSs had a permittivity higher than 300 at 1000 Hz, which is about 45 times that of pure PVDF.•They reported that higher percolation threshold might be due to the probability of formation of conductive network.

Die

lect

ric c

onst

ant

Frequency TEM micrograph of the PVDF/GS 7.5%

IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Vol. 18, No. 2; April 2011


Hexagonal BaTiO3/Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 composites with giant dielectric constant and high permeability

• Haibo Yang et al. synthesized hexagonal BaTiO3/Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 (BT/NZO) ceramic composites, by solidestate reaction method to obtain gaint dielectric constant.

• NiO , ZnO and Fe2O3 were weighed, mixed and calcined at 1000o C in air for 2 h to prepare Ni0.8Zn0.2- Fe2O4 (NZO). Commercial BaTiO3 powders were prepared by hydrothermal process with an average powder size of 100 nm. The mixtures of BT and NZO powders were pressed into disks and rings with 5 wt% PVA. All samples were sintered at 1300 oC in air for 2 h.

H. Yang et al. Materials Chemistry and Physics 134 (2012) 777-782



Frequency dependence of complex dielectric constant of the BT/NZO compositeswith different NZO concentrations.

Temp. dependence of dielectric loss of the BT/NZO composites at diff frequencies: (a) 40%BT/60%NZO, (b) 20%BT/80%NZO.



Temperature dependence dielectric constant of the BT/NZO composites with different NZO concentrations: (a)

40%BT/60%NZO, (b) 30%BT/70%NZO, (c) 20%BT/80% NZO and (d) 10%BT/90%NZO.


• Analysis of the electrical properties of PZT by a BP artificial neural network.

• Kai Cai et al. developed a A three-layer BP ANN is used here in investigating the piezoelectric performance of PZT ceramics based on the homogeneous experimental results.

K. Cai et al. / Computational Materials Science 34 (2005) 166–172


BP network for the PZT doped system model


K. Cai et al. / Computational Materials Science 34 (2005) 166–172

Correlation between calculated and observed d33 for formulations not included in the original test set.

Correlation between calculated and observed Kp for formulations not included in the original test set

• A finite element model for bending behaviour of conducting polymer

electromechanical actuators

• P. Metz et al. developed a model for Ppy Actuators to predict the bending

angle and bending moment outputs as a function of the actuator thickness.

• The software ANSYS is used to solve the coupled structural/thermal model

in order to obtain the outputs the actuator.

P. Metz et al. / Sensors and Actuators A 130–131 (2006) 1–11


Experimentaland theoretical readings of the horizontal and vertical displacements of the actuator to calculate the bending angle.



• From the literature review, Special morphology nano filler perovskites (modified BaTiO3), modified graphene and doped metaloxides gives high dielectric and piezoelectric constant.

• Addition of high dielectric constant nano filler materials to the polymers enhance the properties such as dielectric constant and piezoelectric constant.

• Finite element modelling of actuators is presented to measure the bending angle and displacements.

• Fabrication of actuators is summerized.

SUMMARY

• [1]. P. C. Chen et al., CrystEngComm, 2012, 14, 1990–93.• [2]. M. N. Almadhoun et al. J. Mater. Chem., 2012, 22, 11196–11200.• [3]. Yu Song et al. J. Mater. Chem., 2012, 22, 8063–8068.• [4]. G. Wang et al. Applied materials & interfaces,2, 5,1290–1293, 2010.• [5]. Paula Ferreira et al. Langmuir 2012, 28, 2944−2949.

References

literature review

Documents