literature reviews
DESCRIPTION
Literature ReviewsTRANSCRIPT
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LITERATURE REVIEWS
Felipe Abarca
Camila Barrera
Carolina Hinojosa
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WHAT ARE THEY USEFUL FOR?
-Showing the history of a field (background)
-Reviewing the work done in a specific time period.
-Plotting the development of a line reasoning
-Integrating and synthesizing work from different research areas
-Evaluating the current state of evidence for a particular viewpoint
-Revealing inadequacies in the literature and point to where
further research need to be done.
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STRATEGIES FOR PRESENTING RESULTS IN REVIEWS
1.-The narrative review: writers research around a particular topic and
then write a review of the field, selecting evidence. this kind of review is
most common in textbooks and popular journals.
2- The narrative review with scoreboard: writers strengthen the
arguments of their reviews by supporting the claims made with tabular
scoreboards.
3- Scoreboard plus details: in a scoreboard more details can be provided
and it enables the reader to trace the studies should they wish and to see
if any have been omitted.
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4.- Scoreboard showing critical features: it is a method of
summarizing results to provide a table listing the key features of the
studies being discussed. The information provided is not omitted.
5.-Meta- analytic “scoreboards”: it involves pooling the results
that can be found from all the known studies on a given topic. The
aim of this is to arrive at an overall summary of the result for the
topic in question.
6.-Evidence-based “scoreboards”: With the “evidence-based”
approach, more studies are excluded on particular methodological
grounds when making the overall summary of the results. It is used,
for example, in medical researches. The importance of the evidence-
based approach becomes more obvious when the overall picture
obtained from RCT’s (randomized controlled trials) is different from
that obtained from studies using others, less stringent methods.
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SOME PROBLEMS - File-drawer problem: it is easier to publish studies that
have statistically significant findings than it is to publish ones
that do not.
-Problems of interpreting; there might be problems of
interpreting the findings of the published studies and seeing if
these findings are relevant to your review.
-Qualitative studies; related to these it is important to
mention that is very difficult to summarize the results
adequately.
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OTHER ASSUMPTIONS THAT DO NOT WITHSTAND CLOSE SCRUTINY
1- Different dependent variables are of equal validity.
2- The results obtained in one culture are directly relevant to another
one.
3- The results obtained in one period are the same as those that
would be obtained today.
4- The results obtained for limited samples apply to wider population.
5- The results obtained in simplifying experiments apply to the much
more complex.
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One solution to some of the problems presented, is
to examine in more detail the original papers and
particularly the original materials used in the papers
being reviewed.
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LITERATURE REVIEWS
Felipe Abarca
Camila Barrera
Carolina Hinojosa