literature, science, suffrage and the prelude to war
TRANSCRIPT
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Literature, Science, Suffrage and the Prelude to War
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Suffrage
• The right to vote• The word
"suffragette" was first used to describe women campaigning for the right to vote in 1906
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Women’s Suffrage
• In 1920, the 19th amendment allowed all women over 21 to vote in the United States.
• In 1928, British law allowed all women over the age of 21 to vote in the United Kingdom.
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Albert Einstein
• In 1916, Einstein published his paper on the general theory of relativity
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Einstein
• In 1933 he renounced his citizenship for political reasons
• the Nazi's put a $5,000 bounty on his head
• He emigrated to America to take the position of Professor of Theoretical Physics at Princeton
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• The Waste Land, 1922
• One of the most influential poetic work of the twentieth century
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The Wasteland
• a long, complex poem about the psychological and cultural crisis that came with the loss of moral and cultural identity after World War I
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• Published in 1925
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• Actress, 1925• Photo by
Edward Steichen
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Persistence of Memory, 1931, Salvador Dali
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• Published in 1932
• Huxley is one of the most important literary and philosophical voices of the 20th Century
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Spanish Civil War, 1936
• Francisco Franco led a coup d’etat
• His coalition of “Nacionales” was made up of right wing fascists, monarchists, conservatives, elites, and the Church
• They feared the proletarian (worker) uprisings and communism
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Barcelona, 1936
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Militia fighters, 1936
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International Brigade
• The Republic was supported by unions, labor movements, and volunteers from around the world fighting fascism
• Ernest Hemingway joined the International Brigade
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Ernest Hemingway
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• Ernest Hemingway experienced war firsthand as a journalist
• he wrote dispatches from the frontlines
• He used war as a backdrop for many of his most memorable works.
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• Franco was supported by the Hitler and the German Nazis and Mussolini and the Italian Fascists
• The Republicans were supported by Soviet Russia and Mexico
• France, Great Britain, the United States stayed out of the war
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the Great Depression 1930- 1940
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Dust Bowl 1930 - 1936
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Guernica
• Hitler’s planes devastated the city of Guernica, a city that posed no military threat
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Franco’s dictatorship
• The Spanish Republic was defeated by March of 1939.
• Franco’s conservative dictatorship lasted until his death in 1975
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Refuges cross into France
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Rape of Nanjing, 1937
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The Rape of Nanjing
• In December of 1937, the Japanese Imperial Army marched into China's capital city of Nanjing and
• Over the next six weeks, they murdered 300,000 (at least one half) of the civilians and soldiers.
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• In the United States, reports published in the New York Times and Time Magazine, were greeted with skepticism from the American public.
• Most Americans had only a passing knowledge or little interest in Asia.
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• Hitler was re-arming Germany
• Hitler was expanding the borders of the Nazi Reich through devious political maneuvers.