live plug-in to barcelona (issue 1 april '11)

Plug-in to Barcelona

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April 2011

number 1

www.bcn.cat/livebarcelona

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Production:Ara Llibres, s.c.c.l. www.arallibres.cat

Contents coordination: Live Barcelona www.bcn.cat/livebarcelona

Domentary sources: L’estratègia d’impuls del vehicle elèctric a Catalunya 2010-2015 (ICAEN, 2010). P. 10, 11, 17, 18, 29 and 30Els reptes industrials del vehicle verd a Catalunya. Damià Martín, Tomàs Megía (Generalitat de Catalunya, 2010). P.20, 21, 22 and 23

Photography: Raimon Solà photography studio, cover and p.26; Barcelona city council, p. 9,13, 16, 22, 28, 29, 31 and 32; Seat, p.18 and 19; Nis-san, p.19; Rieju, S.A, p.19; Urbaser and Sece, p. 30; Siemens, p. 31; Shutterstock, p. 2, 21 and p. 29; Thinkstock, p. 10.

Print:Cevagraf S.C.C.L.

Legal deposit: B-14562-2011

Edition:

In collaboration with:

Barcelona Town Council

Catalonian Institute of Energy (ICAEN)

The Generalitat of Catalonia

Institute for Energy Diversification and Saving

Ministry of Industry Tourism and Commerce

eng_live.indd 2 30/03/11 13:19

4 editoriAl

5 interviewJordi Wiliam Carnes, Firts deputy mayor of Barcelona´s city council BArcelonA, electric moBility innovAtion huB

6 interviewMaite Masià i Ayala, icAen manager (catalonia’s instute of energy) “electric vehicle Promotion is A nAtionAl oBjective”

7 entrevistAAlfonso Beltrán, idAe managing director “2011 yeAr oF the electric vehicle releAse”

8 who helPs in introducing these electric cArs?

10 the electricAl vehicle Plugged to the grid

12 oPinionSusana Bañares, demand side management red eléctrica española

13 Pioneer cities in creAting A nAtionAl network

14 BArcelonA dePloys the rechArge Points

15 oPinionÀngel López, Barcelona’s council mobility services manager

16 chAllenges oF normAlizAtion And stAndArdizAtion in electric vehicle dePloyment

18 the electric vehicle And the cAtAloniAn industry

20 electric vehicle Production cAPAcity

24 interview Antonio Martínez, catalonia’s energy research institute director (irec) irec, An exAmPle oF knowledge trAnsFerence

25 oPinion santi castellà, seat’s electromobility officer

26 stAte oF the Art technology in urBAn moBility

32 join the AgendA

the electr

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vehicle in

BArcelonA,

cAtAloniA

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4 live the electric vehicle in Barcelona, catalonia and spain

editoriAl the electr

ic

vehicle in

BArcelonA,

cAtAloniA

And sPAin

A century later, the electric car resurrects and is seen by the world as an opportunity to the big environmental, energetic and industrial challenges of our society.

E lectric mobility can help in reducing the CO2 emissions, reduce energetic dependency and improve ef-ficiency; its expansion contributes in developing a more sustainable economy, based upon innovation

and research. Therefore, governments around the world, with countries like USA or China in the lead, have started to encourage migration from combustion to electric vehicles. The Spanish Government has involved itself, introduc-ing a strategy that searches to promote electric vehicles (2010-2014), by incorporating 70,000 electric vehicles to the car fleet by 2012 and up to a total of 250,000 by 2014. The Movele Project, managed by the Institute for Diversifica-tion and Energy Saving with a budget of 590 million Euros, takes part in this global strategy. Main objective is to deploy 2,000 electric cars and create more than 500 recharging points. The subsidized vehicles will have different charac-teristics, capabilities and technologies and are intended for different types of users in order to evaluate the techni-cal, energetic and economic viability. In parallel, the Cata-lonian Government (Govern

de la Generalitat de Catalunya) has approved a strategy to promote the use of electric cars (IVECAT), in the period 2010-2015. The main objective is to harmonize the evolution of the automotive industry with the gradual electrification in order to create according legislation and infrastruc-tures apart from designing industry and R&D policies that profit from the economic potential. The planned actions have been structured in four axles: infrastructure and power grid; industry, technology and education; promotion of sustainable mobility; with these axles in mind a series of measures have been designed so that Catalonia’sautomotive industry may become a reference in electric car implantation. In a general context of R&D, cities become a potential testing place to implement these new technologies amongst the citizens, and offer an enclosed environment for the industry that is born and grows around electric mobility. Approximately 30% of the automotive industry in Spain is concentrated, in fact, in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona, one of the main sites in Europe. Supporting the development of the electric mobility is vital to the global competitiveness of the automotive sector, but also vital to improve the environment and the quality of life in our cities. The mixed platform LIVE – Acronym of Logistics for the implementation of electric vehicles (Logística per a la Implementació del Vehicle Elèctric) is created with this objective. Initially promoted by the town council of Barcelona, the Catalonian Government –through ICAEN-, SEAT and ENDESA; now Siemens and the Ministry for Industry, Tourism and Trade– through IDAE – also are participating. Now we can say that the world is ready for the introduction of electric cars and we can confirm that Barcelona has taken the chance to position itself as a world reference concerning sustainable mobility and, specially, concerning electric cars.

LIVE is a general and unified plan designed to strategically implement the electric car through five differentiated axles that support the industry, sustainable mobility and envi-ronment:

• Support the development and promo-tion of demonstrative projects of electric mobility (Living Labs), helping with the first deployments of electric cars, obtaining results and practical improvements from the demonstrators.

• Provide the necessary tools and resources to generate a change in innovative attitudes, in economy and industry, by promoting R&D. Support the creation of local syndi-cates, national and European projects and Technology and Knowledge programs from university and professional environments.

• Promote the organization and venue of events and activities that implement the electric mobility in Barcelona.

• Promote the creation of recharge stations in public and private parking lots through-out the metropolitan area of Barcelona.

• Be a reference point for citizens and companies in Barcelona in questions related to electric mobility by creating the first ever European technical and civilian office for implementation of electric mobility.

Plug-in to Barcelona

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live 5the electric vehicle in Barcelona, catalonia and spain

interview Jordi William Carnes,First deputy mayor of Barcelona’s city council

BArcelonA, electric moBility innovAtion huB

Barcelona is making a significant bid for electric mobility. What sets Barcelona apart from other cities? What is the main potential that can transform the city into a electric vehicle reference?The development of electric mobility has become a key element in boosting the global competi-tiveness of the automotive sector and it is an opportunity to transform a sector that can help in the economic development of the country. The promotion of research and technology transference in areas related with energy accu-mulation for use in electric vehicles is already a priority in the R&D strategies. Add up the efforts of Barcelona to become a testing ground, an urban laboratory, an ideal territory that is born and grows around electric mobility. Another key factor that can help in developing electric mobility is the vast motorcycle fleet that many other European cities do not have. With more than 300.000 two wheeled vehicles; there is no doubt that the electrical motorcycle should be the first step to be implemented, an explosion of electric mobility.

The role the municipality plays with the end user is important to motivate the market. What role is the City Council of Barcelona playing? Barcelona is a pioneer in electric vehicle customer attention due to the creation of the citizens office, Punto Live (Live Point) and the web www.bcn.cat/livebar-celona, where the potential users can access services like a map with all the recharge points, information about the processing of the electric vehicle permit, incentives that are currently offered by the public administration, models of vehicles that exist on the market and a detailed description of their function-ing. The electric vehicle pass is an important element in promoting electric mobil-ity as it unifies the public recharge points and will allow free recharges on above ground stations by 2013. Besides, when a pass owner

lives in Barcelona, no local tax is paid for the vehicle and parking is free in controlled parking areas (Àrea Verda and Àrea Blava) as per established regulations. Barcelona a pioneer-ing city in Spain in deployment of recharge points and has already 157 active ones. With the impulse gained from the Movele Project from IDAE and from other private finance funds, Barcelona expects to reach about 300 recharge points by the end of 2011, largely surpassing the forecast 191 of the Movele Project.

Improving the air quality is one of the motivations that impulses electric mobility. At what stage is Barcelona regarding this issue?The energy bill and contamination are two aspects that, without doubt, encourage promoting electric mobility and this is not a whim or a trend but a need to guarantee sustainable mobility for millions of people. The improve-ment of environmental sustainability and quality of life in the city are the main priorities for Barcelona.

Barcelona’s city council has signed a series of agreements with differ-ent automotive companies to pro-

mote the electric vehicle. What are the results of these collaborations?Signing diverse agreements means that there is a will to join forces with all parts involved in the development of electric mobility in town and the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona. With-out doubt, the reference agreement is LIVE (Logistics for Implementation of Electric Vehicles), the public-private platform which was created with the objective of supporting and promot-ing future mobility. Furthermore, the Renault-Nissan alliance, the City Council of Barcelona and the Regional Government (Generalitat) have joined forces to encourage drivers to use zero emission electric cars, thanks to the Cooperation Agreement reached at the end of 2010. Nissan has committed itself to introduce their 100% electric car, the Nissan LEAF, with an au-tonomy of 160Km, during 2011 in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona. Barcelona City Council has reached a third strategic agreement with Bergé automotion dealer for Spain of BYD, an important Chinese battery manufacturer. This is a key element, no doubt, to guarantee that electric mobility will be a reality sooner than many believed possible.

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interview Maite Masià i Ayala,icAen manager (catalonia’s instute of energy)

What will happen with the Catalonian strategy to promote electric vehicle 2010-2015 in this scenario of public resources crisis and general cuts?The Strategy for electric vehicle introduction in Catalonia (IVECAT) is a national objective, because the electric vehicle is an instrument to advance in different fundamental issues: en-energy saving and efficiency, reactivating economic and industrial activity, modernization of infrastructures, new model of mobility,… Catalonia has very good reasons like having state of the art automotive and electricity sectors or different reference research centers to ensure that translates into an increases in the standard of living for residents. But we are also determined to give the necessary impulse according to the availability of the budget of the Generalitat.

Which are the fundamental features of this strategy? What scopes will be priority? The offer? The demand? The Know-how of the companies?IVECAT has got four main axis in which we will promote on a par with each other in order to obtain a equilibrated successful implanta-tion of the electric vehicle where we live. These axis are the recharge infrastructure and electricity grids; industry, R&D and training; sus-tainable mobility and promotion of the demand, and they include a total of 26 measures that will be evaluated periodically according to a set of indicators. The objective of this strategy is to coordinate all these ensure that implemenatation

of the electric vehicle becomes an opportunity for growth for the entire country. Advancing in only one of the axis or giving priority to one over the others would be senseless as the desired equilibrium would be impossible to reach.

Is the technology of the batteries mature enough in the sense that the performance of the electric vehicle –for example in autonomy- is not too far from conventional vehicles?Autonomy and costs of the electric vehicle are the main chal-lenges to overcome at this moment, and the battery is not the issue in both cases. The industry knows this and is working on it. However, we must point out that, at least in a first stage, we should not compare the performances of a conventional vehicle with those of an electric one. Transition will be much more orderly and equilibrated when considering that there are demands of mobility for which an electric vehicle is more adequate (public transport, urban fleets, motorcycles) and oth-ers where a conventional engine is better, Technology and time will tell.

What are the forecasts regarding the fleet renovation in Catalonia? Will the hybrid stage be short or long?IVECAT is anticipating that there will be 76,000 electric vehicles by the end of 2015, this number is revised periodically and it shows a quite meaningful speed in the renovation of the mobile fleet in Catalonia. The hybrid stage, as a transition from conventional vehicles to electric mobility, depends both on the people understanding the adequacy and use of each type of vehicle and on the technological and sales evolution of the manufacturers.

electric vehicle Promotion is A nAtionAl oBjective”

“

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interview Alfonso Beltrán idAe managing director

What conclusions would you draw form Movele Project (2009-2010)?It has promoted the release of the electric vehicle in our country. Recently electric mobility was a possibility far from reality. Today we can say that the electric vehicle is here and that the manufacturers, mobility managers and citizens are interested in its development and implantation. Another of the basic objectives of the project was to place Spain among the leaders of electric mobil-ity and in this case, we can point out that knowledge about Movele outside Spain is considerable. In fact the name of the project has been passed on to the Plan for the Electric Vehicle 2010-2012 with which our country will definitely start the implantation of this type of mobility.

The town councils and regional governments have their own electric vehicle promotion plans. Are they coordinated?There is a big consensus among all the agents of the administrations related to the impulse of the electric vehicle, we have shared objectives. We are convinced that the regional initiatives like Catalonia’s IVECAT and initiatives of other regions will be synergic elements that will contribute to success. The same can be said about the municipalities, basic element for the electric vehicle to succeed and one of the principal beneficiaries of its development. Moreover, I would like to point out that a guide on good practices for municipalities regarding the promotion of electric cars will be

launched soon by IDAE and FEMP. This guide will allow the municipalities learn at first hand the about the experiences of other towns. IDAE has also created a distinction (Electric Mo-bility Seal) related with this guide to acknowledge and encour-age the citizens to start implementing strategies.

When speaking about electric vehicle promotion the network of recharge points comes to mind but, will there be financial aids to help consumers acquire these electric vehicles? One of the main strategy lines Action Plan 2010-2012 to pro-mote the electric vehicle in Spain includes public measures to increase the demand of these vehicles among the end custom-ers, especially in public transport fleets and citizens. When compared to other vehicles, the electric vehicle is expensive; therefore Government has created a fund of 240 Million Euros destined to purchase electric vehicles, 80 million Euros in 2011 and another 160 million Euros in 2012. Direct subsidies for purchase, changes in registration tax, free parking in controlled parking lots and lower electricity costs teaches us that an elec-tric vehicle can be economically competitive, especially when taking into account their working lifespan.

What factors contribute to an increase in electric and hy-brid vehicle fleets? All actors are convinced that 2011 will be the year of the electric vehicle launchment countdown. The shortage in the offer of elec-tric vehicles has limited the sales. Some of the leading trademarks of the market will present this year electric or power grid plug-gable models and almost 100% of the car manufacturers have electric projects and products that will see the light sometime between 2012 and 2015. From a stand point like that of IDAE, whose mission it is to promote efficiency and reduction of energetic dependency, it is important that each time there are more enterprises and citizens using electric mobility. Electric mobility based upon the energy from the general network and especially with the par-ticipation of the renewable resources allows implementation of all axles related with the energy policies. This is why the electric vehicles are important and it is necessary that Spain as one of the leading countries keeps promoting it.

2011 yeAr oF the electric vehicle releAse”

“

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Never before there was so much talk about electric mobility as nowadays. Public and private forums agree in pointing out the opportunities and advantages –environmental but also entrepreneurial,

technical and economical– which imply a large scale development and implantation of electric cars. We are assisting to an explosion of activities: research centers and facilities are conducting a large number of projects –ranging from investigations to improve components like the battery to studies of new business models and sales strategies– energy and automotive companies make alliances and strategic movements can be seen to ensure leading positions in future markets. The electric car can be seen in these environ-ments as a real alternative to combustion based transport. Currently the existence of cars propelled by electricity is nothing but anecdotic. Until now as 2011 is to become the year things change. Com-panies like Renault, Seat or Toyota have announced mas-sive sale plans for this year. The governments’ objective -250,000 electric cars in the country by 2014, and 76,000 in Catalonia by 2015- is ambi-tious and expects an emerging development. The Public Administra-tions have planned a series of financial aids and incentives which, in many cases, address the end consumer directly as they promote the renovation of private car fleets. This way, Catalonia, subsidizes partially the acquisition of an elec-tric car with the objective of overcoming the current price barrier for a normal public. In case of a passenger car, financial help is equivalent to a maximum of 15% of the final cost, VAT excluded, 7.000 Euros for pure electrical and pluggable hybrid vehicles and

2.300 Euros for hybric vehicles. If you prefer a motorcycle, maximum financial aid is of 750 Euros, also 15% of its price. In this case only models of more than 4KW are subsidized. There is a specific summons for enterprises and administrations destined to change car fleets and mobile industrial materials –with exception of elevators and forklifts– to their hybrid or zero emissions equivalents. Maximum quantities reach up to 50.000 Euros per vehicle. Another set of measures is aimed to the installation of electricity recharge points and stations, infrastructures that will be necessary once the objective of deployed electric vehicles is reached. Administration pays up to a 30% of the costs derived from the installation of a recharge station, up to a maximum of 60.000 Euros when the station is intended for public access and use and up to a maxi-mum of 30.000 Euros when it is a single recharge point or destined to a deter-mined vehicle fleet. These public financial aids are part of the plans for a strategic development of electric mobility on the short and medium term and they obey to the general objective of creating demand, promote and divulge knowledge around the electric alternative in society.

cleAner And less noise contAminAted cities

Thanks to the benefits of the electric vehicle as well as the environmental advan-tages related with air quality and noise contamination; cities become the ideal place for their deployment. Local administrations are entitled to create electric mobility plans and public recharge stations in its territory. Barcelona is working towards being a reference in electric vehicle innovation, its council has access to financial aid programs promoted by the European Commission, national and regional administrations. As the city wants to be a leader in sustainability and environment, its town council has developed a specific plan with financial benefits for local electric vehicle users: the acquisition of a zero emission vehicle benefits from a 75% discount on local registration tax, parking is free for pure electric vehicles, there is a 3% of parking places reserved for these vehicles in all public parking amongst other means of benefits and incentives.

who helPs in introducing these electric cArs?The strategic plans include financial aids and subsidies for the purchase of electric cars and the placement of recharge stations. Cities like Barcelona have specific plans that include tax benefits and privileges in parking areas and city accesses.

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BENEFITS SUMMARY

1. Direct subsidies for purchase of an electric vehicle.•15 % of price VAT excluded maximum of 7,000 Euros for an electric or hybrid passenger car.

•15% of price VAT excluded, maximum 750 Euros for motorbikes of 4 kW or higher.

•Maximum registration cost reduction of 75%.

2. Subsidies for transport fleet and industrial machinery renovation. •Up to 50.000 Euros per vehicle and mobile industrial equipment.

3. Subsidies for installation of electricity recharge stations•30% of investment with a maximum of 60,000 Euros for a public recharge station. Maximum of 30.000 Euros for a private or single recharge point.

•Subsidy of 400 Euros per recharge point when they include a consumption monitoring and control system.

4. Other measures and incentives in Barcelona.•Free parking in blue zone parking areas.

•All public areas reserve 3% of their space for these vehicles.

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10 live Barcelona’s recharging infrastructure

The power grid of a given territory is dimensioned to give a proper response to the array of activities that need energy according to each moment of the day or season,

as well as the consequent demand of global power. The introduction of electric vehicles into all this set of uses supposes –medium and long term– an additional de-mand of electricity that must be foreseen in order to prevent potential impacts upon

the system and to guarantee the viability of this technologic leap.

the electricAl vehicle Plugged to the grid

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live 11Barcelona’s recharging infrastructure

BArcelonA’

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ture

Daily electricity consumption provides a power demand profile that varies each hour during the day with clearly defined peaks and off-peaks. This demand variable in time,

affects the reduced electricity accumulation capacity, and calls for investments in electricity generation installations in order to guarantee the demanded power. Currently, during the off-peak hours, Spanish electricity system demands nearly 22,000 MW, and during peak hours the demand may reach up to approximately 45,000 MW. Electric vehicles are new consumers that may affect the system, therefore the system has to permit a gradual introduction without need of new infrastructure. The presence on the street of 1 million electric vehicles by 2014 would represent, by estimations, an increase of 1% on annual demand, although the moment this demand is produced must be taken into account: during peak or off-peak hours, simultaneous or not… If the recharge of these vehicles is made in peak hours, the electric energy demand grows and there would be need for a power generation increase. On the other hand, if the recharge is done primarily during the off-peak hours, and slowly (low voltage recharge) controlling the power of recharge, the effect on the demand profile would determine an in-crease on the power consumption during these hours without meaningful changes regards the demand during peak hours (the power demand curve would be nearly plain). A better interaction could be achieved with electricity generation based upon renewable energies during off-peak hours. The characteristics of the recharge (charging time, day period, level of interaction with the system) will be important to the global operability and efficiency of the system. Furthermore, if the recharge is done under the men-tioned conditions (slow recharge during off-peak hours with charge control systems), there would be no need of important changes in infrastructures, electricity produc-tion or transport. Depending on the transport grid system operator and manager, the Spanish electricity grid could accommodate, with a system of intelligent management, up to 6,5 million electric vehicles by 2014 without need of investments in electricity generation facilities nor in the electricity transport network. On a local or regional scale, how-ever, there is a chance there might be problems as the distribution grid might not be prepared. In Catalonia, the deployment of 76,000 vehicles by the year 2015 —according to the forecast of the

IVECAT (Catalonian Electric Vehicle Implantation Strategy)– would mean an increase of approximately a 0.3% in annual demand. In any case, recharge during off-peak hours must be promoted in order to avoid demand peaks as those that would happen if the majority of end users would plug them in as soon as they arrived at home at night. Now, so that these forecasts may become real, the Catalonian Electric Vehicle Implantation Strategy teaches us that changes in the economic remuneration system for electricity distribution are needed. The objective is to favor the necessary investments in distribution networks in order to introduce the vehicle on medium and long term; these investments must take form in the investment plans of the distribution companies.

overcoming regulAtory And normAtive BArriers

Now, it is necessary to overcome a set of regulatory and normative barriers that might complicate the deployment of the needed electrical infrastructure and recharging points. For example, in the Regulations on low voltage electrotechnology (REBT) the criteria of a single supply point most be changed in order to allow any subscriber use different electricity supply points, and allowing for a recharge point at every individual parking place in public parking lots. This modification is important so recharge points can be installed, for example, in apartment buildings. It is also important to create a regulation to introduce elements of management that can benefit the electricity system due to the flexibility associated with operating electric vehicles –considering essential off-peak recharges– without increasing the electricity production or transport network. Among this type of measures lies the creation of a new electricity tariff, specific for electric vehicle recharge during off-peak hours or new models of low voltage electricity contracts tied to off-peak use. Finally, in the future it will also be possible to regulate adequately the figure of a “recharge manager”

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oPinionSusana Bañaresdemand side management red eléctrica española

The electric vehicle will be a new consumer of energy which, however, can also become an ally in operating the system more efficiently by reducing the big differences that exist between high and low

consumption periods and easing the introduction of renewable energies. Electricity demand presents a typical profile during the day, there are two moments in which more energy is used: midday (due to commercial activity) and during the last hours of the evening (due to the commercial and residence activities). The hours of less consumption, on the other side, fall between midnight and eight (00:00 – 08:00). In order to operate the electricity system better it is important to maximize the moments in which con-sumption is less, here is where the electric car can play an important part as they can benefit these hours for a slow and intelligent recharge. Besides, the users of these electric cars may benefit of a reduced electricity price during the hours of less consumption. Furthermore, an electric vehicles could be converted in a reversible electricity accumulator system as, during the peak hours, it could revert part of the electricity charged during the night back to the system. Thanks to this complemen-tary service, the owner of an electric car may obtain economic benefits by selling the accumulated electric-ity at a higher price than bought. This interaction will maximize the accumulation capability of the batteries and will require a bidirectional relation regarding electric-ity playing a role in the set of intelligent recharges. The demand for electric-ity of these vehicles is new and in 2020, by estimates, it may represent a 2% of the total demand of electric-ity. Following the studies conducted by Red Eléctrica, it is possible to integrate up to 6,5 million of these cars in the system without additional investments in generation and transport, if the recharge is completed during the hours of less electricity demand, in a controlled manner and fol-lowing the indications of the electric system operator. It is important to promote mechanisms that manage the demand by promoting the

recharges especially during the night hours. Therefore, it is also important to have a price scale that discriminates the electricity rates during the different periods of the day. The installation of intelligent coun-ters will allow to cope with these issues and will be a key feature in future electric system operations. On the other hand, the electric ve-hicle can play a fundamental role in the integration of renewable energies un-der conditions of security, specially the wind energy, difficult to manage and ever changing but with an increasing presence in the energy mix. Recharging the vehicles during the night minimizes the possibility of a wind energy park disconnection in case the production exceeds the security limits set by the system. The support of Red Eléctrica in this technology can be found in the active participation in different work groups and projects and also in its ini-tiative to place recharge points in their own installations:• Installation of recharge points: there

are already nine recharge points along the different REE offices -five at their offices in Valencia, three in Madrid and one in Seville- and electric cars have been added to the companies car fleet.

• Proyecto Verde (Green Project): an initiative started in 2009 with a main

objective: design of an electric vehicle prototype with an efficient recharge integration, collaborating with SEAT. The project has a budget of 39,7 million Euros; 1,22 come from Red Eléctrica.

• VLPGO (Very large power grid operators): works developed by the operators and owners of big electric charge transport networks like the USA, France, Japan, Spain and Italy, with the objectives of studying the effect of mentioned vehicles in these systems, and establish a series of recommendations for manufacturers and legislators.

• REVE Project (Wind energy regulation with electric vehicles): this plan is financed by the Ministry for Industry, Tourism and Trade and headed by the Spanish Wind Energy Association with the objective of analyzing the technical and economic aspects derived from the contributions a fleet of electric vehicles guarantees towards wind energy evacuation.

• MERGE Project (Mobile energy resources in electricity networks): program developed by the European Union to evaluate the impact of the electric vehicles on the European electric systems. The participation of Red Eléctrica is focused on planning and operating with charges.

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One of the main actions of the Movele Project, a pioneer plan from the Ministry of industry, Tourism and Trade to evaluate electric mobility en urban environments, is

to establish 546 recharge points for electric vehicles in public spaces. In order to achieve this, the experience acquired during the projects developed in previous years in Barcelona, Madrid and Seville has been taken into account. These three cities have worked to establish a network of recharging points, both on surface and underground parking lots, distributed equally among the three cities. Madrid and Barcelona have a total of 403 recharge points placed in public parking spaces and streets, of which 246 exist in Ma-drid and 157 in Barcelona. A total of 188 of the recharge points have been financed with funds from the Movele Project, 98 where financed in Madrid and 90 in Barcelona. In Seville, there will be installed another 75 recharge points. The installation of recharge points is a key factor in order to reach the implantation of green

models. Barcelona is planning to reach the number of 240 recharge points during the second part of this year, of these 160 will be part of the Movele Project. The recharging points will be equally distributed among above (114) and underground (127) facilities. The national plan to promote electric mobility, which also subsidizes part of the costs of purchasing a vehicle through one of the 190 car dealers appointed to this plan, will introduce more than 800 electric models during the first two years of the term and 15 days before the end of the term a total of 1,600 subsidy applications were received.

Pioneer cities in creAting A nAtionAl network

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During 2010, Barcelona has placed itself among the leading cities in Spain by developing a public recharge point network for electric vehicles. Barcelona has started adminis-

trative procedures and services like the Citizens Relations Office of the Live Project and the edition and management of end users ID cards. The city has currently 157 operating recharge points and aspires to surpass 200 this very year. The objective is to deploy a recharge point at less than 5 minutes from every citizens home. All efforts, private and public (Barcelona’s Energy Agency, Movele Project and the aids from the Catalonian’s Istitute of Energy)converge in their deployment. In parallel, large shopping centers like El Corte Inglés and Servei Estació, large hotel and restaurants –from international chains like, for example, NH Hotels and other in-dividual hotels and restaurants–, and infrastructure companies like Tabasa are installing their own recharging stations. Barcelona’s network obeys an open model –different providers employ different technologies– that favors the appearance of en-trepreneurs and the opportunity to evolve to better consolidated companies. A public control centre guarantees the interoperability of the different recharge systems and centralizes all incidents and sur-veys all points. In a near future the recharge will be complete mostly in private parking lots during the

night, which means lower rates for the user and maximizes the production peaks of the renewable energies. In Barcelona, the long term strategy of the network deployment is centered on underground parking lots –public or concessions– leav-ing the above ground recharging points for emergencies and motorcycles. There have been deployed five recharge point intended exclusively for two wheeled vehicles in five differ-ent points of the city. It is also planned to keep on deploying recharge points in work centers and the new legislations will have to allow the installation of plugs in garages without per-mission of the owner’s community. Electricity companies like Endesa and Iberdrola already are investigating new forms of recharge and standards that offer a broader offer. Siemens, Circutor, Scame, Mobecpoint, Atomelic, Betterplace and Coloumbteach are some of the companies that have placed themselves as providers of innovative automatic recharging machines. In Barcelona, for example, pioneer projects are conducted, like the first quick recharge station promoted by Endesa and CEPSA.

BArcelonA dePloys the rechArge Points

RECHARGE LESS THAN

FIVE MINUTES FROM HOME

BARCELONA : 157 points operative, 90 financed by Movele Project 102

are placed in underground parking lots 55 on surface. It is expected to reach

240 during 2011, 160 through Move-le. There will be 114 underground and

127 on street level.

March 2011

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I n the definition of Barcelona’s Urban Mobility Plan in 2006,

the objective of developing and promoting the implantation of cleaner and more efficient ve-hicles was incorporated. In 2008 Barcelona’s city council saw the need to start paying attention to a technology that was becom-ing more active than normal. It was the activity of the “Electric Vehicle”, where “vehicle” is under-stood as all private and collective road transport segments (motor-cycles, cars, trucks, bus, etc) and “electric” means all hybrid or pure capable of being plugged-in to the electricity grid. Following this definition, the city council started participating in the Movele Project, charged with the development of a first public recharge network and led by IDAE, Spanish Ministry of Industry, im-pulses the LIVE study, where the guidelines and strategies to deploy this recharge infrastructure in the city are defined. Of the actions that make up this strategic recharge network deployment plan, the following can be highlighted: • Deployment will be realized

both as a pilot experience and as a demonstration, on one side through bidding and on the other by means of public-private agreements to develop this infrastructure.

• The public network will be destined primarily to offering service to the motorcycle seg-ment as it is a vital one in Barcelona’s mobility and because it is currently the one that offers the most to the market.

• The public recharge points will be placed, when possible, in spaces where it might be feasible to develop new business models (like motorcycle rental at universities, intermodal transport hubs with public transport, etc) Barcelona has a huge public underground parking offer, so these will also be a key in deploying the network of recharge points.

• The technology of the recharge points will comply with existing standards and will stand open to different technolo-gies and suppliers and recharge operators. This will create a scenario that encourages innovation and entrepreneurship.

• Access to public points on surface will be directly managed by the city through a municipal control center that will guarantee the identification of the user (with ID passes), the interoperability between the different recharge operators and the supervision and real-time breakdown management.

Before the end of 2012, the first settled date, Barcelona al-ready has developed a network of public recharge points more than sufficient to cover the need of the citizens and provide opportunities for tests and new vehicle developments. On the other hand, other workgroups close to electric mobility and the LIVE platform are trying to consolidate a private network (for public and private access) in hotels, shopping centers, etc. But the deployment of this infrastructure will not be suc-cessful if no other encouragement and promotion actions are made like those the city council is making through regulations or the actions of the LIVE platform among other. The bet to electrify public transport in bus and taxi fleets must be pointed out. All these segment demonstration and promotion criteria are deployed, the prospective and guide-lines of urban mobility, defined in Pla Urbà, could be sum-marized in saying that the mobility in Barcelona based upon public transport, intermodal, adapted and collective favors bicycle and walking mobility.

oPinion Àngel LópezBarcelona’s council mobility services manager

testing And mAturAtion scenArio

dePloyment oF the PuBlic rechArge network

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The Catalonian electric vehicle deployment strategy gives priority to slow and normal recharge systems (regulated and non regulated) In addition, during this period the short

term intention is to conduct a series of normal intelligent recharge experiences and on the medium term fast and very fast recharge systems. These tests are to prove that surpassing the horizon of current strategies and, in more advanced phases; the integration of the elec-tric vehicle can be more generalized. The issue of normalization and standardization of the connections, in the European context, is not resolved; this is the reason why the Catalonian strategy foresees a period of implantation without a unique standard or regulation. It is also important to point out that towards the end of 2014 more severe requisites can be introduced that will have to comply with the European Standards which, probably, will have been agreed upon. In this sense, the Council of Barcelona is one of the participants in the European Green E-motion project, within the FP7 of the European Commission. Barcelona participates through Barcelona Demo region: an electric vehicle demonstration and development imple-mentation consortium. The project expects to develop technologies and policies through standardiza-tion and normalization, eliminat-ing barriers and making it easier for the introduction of electric vehicles. The public recharge system could be treated as an open system of compatible providers or as a

limited system of provider licenses. Although a limit in licenses could make it easier to establish a unified recharge system for public spaces in whole Catalonia (ideally also in Spain and Europe), we must take into account that the energy and communication sectors are based on a liberalized system and that, therefore, the limitation of licenses would not be the best formula.

tyPes oF rechArge

In this sense, the strategy considers granting access to all op-erators that comply with a minimum criteria of service estab-lished by the Administration, and which will have to permit the end user a universal and secure recharge within the Catalo-nian territory as well as access to the system implemented in any town throughout Spain and Europe when using the road network. The Electric Recharge Manager that is about to be appointed will determine the model, regulations and functions that are to be followed. In more advanced stages of the electric vehicle implanta-tion, probably exceeding the extension of the plan designed in the Catalonian strategy, public recharges will exclusively be used for emergency o complementary cases, time limited in its use so as many users as possible can use them and, therefore, rotation is favored.

chAllenges oF normAlizAtion And stAndArdizAtion in electric vehicle dePloyment

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18 live the electric mobility segment

The tertiary sector will also receive a positive impulse from this new market as the support services and the industry related to logistics, commercialization and finance of electric

vehicles or batteries, energy production and distribution, technical assistance for facilities, renting and hiring and, in short, all the activities that arise around the new business models will have their space in this scenario. It should be taken into account that, from a technological point of view, there are different fields interacting in the electric vehicle concept. In relation to the vehicle we find interacting not only the technologies for accumulation, recovery, management and electric power train, but also those related to weight reducing technologies, energetic efficiency, architectural designs, security and comfort among others. In relation to the infrastructure that must be introduced, interact the intelligent electricity control and management technologies, tariff regulation technologies, fleet and recharge point management or battery change stations, control and automatism and even electricity production, distribution and man-agement. Software and hardware ensure the interconnectivity of the vehicle with its environment.

Catalonia’s industry has a good starting point in most of these sectors and has enough technological and scientific capabil-ity. The implantation of electric vehicles will provide business chances and the effects will manifest en terms of product and business diversification, technological evolution, competitive upgrades, strategic alliances and positioning of new products in new markets. The indispensable requisite, however, is to have a complete value chain of the electric vehicle, industrially and technologically, with sufficient critical mass build upon Catalo-nia’s current vehicle value chain and complemented with the new emerging industry.

the electric vehicle And the cAtAloniAn industryThe development of electric vehicles opens a door for Cata-lonia to create and promote different industrial and busi-ness sectors that boost the economy. Industries like power electronics, battery electrolytic manufacturers, electronics, electric accessories, street furniture, electronic equipment, recycling industries or information and communication tech-nologies are some of those that can be reinforced during the next years thanks to the electric vehicle.

the

electric

moBility

segment

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live 19the electric mobility segment

The industry in Barcelona’s Met-ropolitan Area has already begun to develop and profit from all the assets that this technological revolu-tion provides throughout the whole electric mobility value chain. So far market products have been created and R+D+I activities boosted. It should be pointed out that Spain is one of the main car manufacturers of the European Community and that Barcelona’s Metropolitan Area concentrates approximately 30% of this industrial activity. The automo-tive sector, therefore, is vital in the city’s industrial and economic base. Nissan and Seat, for example, are running different projects at their respective development centers located in the Metropolitan Area. The recharge tests conducted by Europe during the period 2009-2010 were completed at the Catalo-nian Nissan central, manufacturer that has signed an agreement with Barcelona’s city council and the regional government (Generalitat de Catalunya) to commercialize Nissan’s model LEAF and to develop the infrastructure during 2011. SEAT’s design and development center at Martorell (Barcelona), participates actively in the introduction of the electric vehicle and in the industrial development of the trademark. SEAT has introduced during 2011 testing phase prototypes of model Seat Leon Twin Drive, a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle, for the municipal fleet. Other manufacturers like Toyota, Peugeot or Chinese manufacturer Byd have signed agreements with the town council to develop demon-stration projects in Barcelona and commercialize the new electric and Hybrid pluggable models. Barcelona, together with Rome, has the biggest motorcycle fleet of Europe. Although during the last years, due to the economic crisis, international manufacturers’ competi-tion has caused a descent in the local motorcycle related industrial activity, an essential activity to the city’s industrial development. Historic brands like Ossa, Bultaco and Derbi, just to name some, and multinationals like Yamaha or Honda have generated knowledge and active personal with expertise and are now high value added suppliers that are transform-ing activities in the electric motor sector. The Moto Cluster groups the sector in order to create new solutions and two wheeled electric vehicles destined to the Catalonian and European market. This is the case of the brand Rieju that has already presented the model of the line Rieju Mius or the electric motorcycle EV1 developed by Volta. Innovation, design, entrepre-neurship and generation of new business models have been and are, in fact, added values of the

territory. The different electric mobility implementation and demonstration projects generated in Barcelona, -partially as a result of the public-private activity like the Live Platform- and the proper activity of the sector, offer solutions and answers to the whole value chain. Some projects innovate in automotive components,like those of battery technology and management started by Ficosa, Comsa-Emte, Lear Corporation, Ausa, Iveco or Mavilor; others offer solutionsin components, communica-tion infrastructure and technologies like those developed by Siemens, Simon, Schneider, Endesa, Mobecpoint, Initzia/Abb, T-Systems, Circutor, NavteqA, Gtd, Factor Energia, Gas Natu-ral or Iberdrola. The automotive development and certification center Idiada is working actively in the sector. In this way the complete auxiliar sector of services and distribution presents at this moment all type of services and offers en all segments. Around Barcelona and the Live Platform, programs like ECO-Emprendedor XXI (Eco-Entrepreneur XXI), Formula Student, the ECO-Series, the activities of the Mobility Week or Formula Elèctrica drive innovation and entrepreneurship and promote the market and communication with end users.

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The adaptation that the Catalonian companies will have to complete when considering a massive electric solutions implantation scenario will be varied as they will depend on the

changes each company has to affront individually. In general terms, some components will change slightly or not at all, other parts will suffer major changes, others will be changed completely and, finally, others will disappear. Please find a summary of these changes:

A. No important changes: all those systems and components that do not seem to need modifications. The 33 Catalonian companies that produce them will not be affected by the use of their products in elec-tric vehicles. We can highlight, due to sales volume, the seating sector but also the bumper and cladding sectors.

B. Needs of redesign and pos-sible changes in technology and/or materials: under this category falls a bigger variety of systems and components and, also, a large part of the Catalonian automotive industry. In these cases the affected components will be modified in aspects related with weight, ener-getic configuration and efficiency. It may also imply changes in materi-als or technologies, so 79 Catalo-nian companies with products for interiors, exteriors, chassis, security and comfort systems; also another 66 companies related with metal, plastic and other materials transfor-mation processes will be affected.

C. Change of concept: those that will have to change completely their

internal combustion vehicle configuration and will have to be redefined from zero. This impact is determined specifically by electric solutions that affect two system and component groups: Brakes and Comfort –HVAC. These of all the automotive prod-uct components will suffer changes. 22 enterprises in Catalonia with a certain weight within this specific sector are confronted with this challenge.

D. Loss of market quota on medium and lorg term: these systems and components are already used in nowadays internal combustion vehicles but will not be used in pure electrical vehicles, although they may continue to exist in hybrids. As a consequence, these companies will lose market quota as the electric alternative starts gaining the upper hand of internal combustion and non rechargeable (pluggable) hybrids. The ma-jority of the 40 enterprises in this category work on the engine block and powertrain.

E. Parts that can be supplied by existing Catalonian com-panies: all the systems and components that are used in the electric vehicle or whose presence is multiplied regarding its presence in internal combustion vehicles and which could be supplied by enterprises already present in Catalonia. These enterprises work for other sectors and come mainly from the electronics and electricity industry.

F. Parts that can be supplied by foreign companies located in Catalonia: there is no company in Catalonia that manufac-tures these components used in electric vehicles. It is the case of the batteries and the superconductors.

electric vehicle Production cAPAcity Manufacturing green vehicles will change the majority of systems and components that integrate the internal combus-tion vehicles. The automotive sector will have to incorporate solutions and parts that currently have a testimonial presence but will be relevantin electric vehicles. The systems and com-ponents supply companies depending on the product will be affected in a completely different manner.

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All car sections confront substantial changes, although the associated challenges are different depending on their type. The interiors sector is the less affected with only minor redesigns of the cockpit, door modulus and frames. The chassis section confronts fundamentally a change of catego-ry B, it will work on new designs and configurations, changes in weight and materials. In this sector the most important change will be that of the braking systems which, on the long term, will have to change the concept. A similar change will affect the security and comfort systems but the low/medium power wiring systems will not suffer big changes; the HVAC, on the other hand, will change of concept completely and the rest of components will be confronted with the need of energy efficiency improvement and changes in designs and functionality. The exteriors sector will see how the radiator cover disappears as it will be unnecessary in pure electric vehicles, and the rest of el-ements will obey to weight reduc-tion and electric vehicle autonomy

tyPe oF imPAct determined By system cAtegory

Exterior

Glass B

Chassis and frame B

Exterior door and frame modulus B

Front modulus -bumpers A

Front modulus -radiator protectors D

Engine and powertrain

Engine -fueling D

Engine -Engine block and capacity D

Engine -start and management systems D

Engine -refrigeration D

Transmission B

Exhausts DChassis

Structural elements B

Steering B

Axles B

Wheels -rims, tyre, covers, etc B

Brakes C

Suspensions B

Interior

Seats A

Cockpit and instruments B

Door modulus and overhead systems B

Interior lining A

Security and comfort systems

Power assisted steering B

Windscreen wipers and other security elements B

Lighting systems B

Comfort -HVAC C

Comfort -Entertainment B

Low and medium power wiring A

improvement. The engine and powertrain sectors are the most affected by the introduction of electric vehicle specifications. All their systems and components lose their functions in the pure electrical vehicle and will be down seized in the case of the pluggable hybrids, and will therefore not be necessary in their configuration. The exception to these changes will be the steering system which depends on the adopted powertrain configuration.

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CHALLENGES FOR THE

CATALONIAN ENTERPRISES

REGARDING ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Enterprises of group A will have to continue the way they were on before the arrival of the green vehicle and therefore have no need of making specific changes apart from those destined to continue with the effort in innovation and R&D to improve their products. Enterprises of group B confront, essentially, a need of innovation of their products and, in second place, extra in-vestment to apply the changes to their products. The priorities of the enterprises of group C are firstly investigation and innovation due to the radical change that their products will suffer and, secondly, the extra investment that sup-poses the new industrialization of these prod-ucts. The enterprises that manufacture systems and components of group D will have to start

thinking about a possible reconfiguration/di-versification of their business lines as on the long term they will no longer be able to supply the automotive sector, however on short term they will not be affected as the hybrid incorpo-rate their products. Finally, the processing enterprises, those that stand a step higher in the value chain and work essentially in the metal, plastic or other material transformation for other companies, will be affected by the challenges of the green vehicle in a more balanced way. The changes their customers will make will increase the needs of investment, innovation, R&D and di-versification once their customers from group D start abandoning the automotive sector.

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Regarding the new components, their added value to an electric vehicle will be very impor-tant. Therefore it is a great opportunity for companies that produce this line of products and that were not positioned in the automotive sector before. These new systems and compo-nents are power electronics, electric machinery, complementary energy recovery systems to feed the batteries and the power accumulator systems. Nowadays these new components, with the exception of the accumulator systems, can be supplied to certain degree by compa-nies that already exist in the Catalonian automotive industry. When comparing the variables “type of impact” and “specific weight”, analyzed in the previous chapters, each group of systems and components represents in the automotive industry we obtain the following segmentation: Segment S1. Correspond to systems and components with a high presence in the Catalo-nian automotive industry. We are talking about products that need more efforts in R&D and technical process innovation, in lighter materials, in treatment of new materials, in change concepts with some products and change to electronics with some others. We can point out cockpit related products, com-fort and HVAC instruments, door modulus, brakes and the special-ized industry of metal and plastics transformation. We can draw the conclusion that Catalonia’s industry is active in those segments where most opportunities exit. On the other hand, the specific weight of Segment S2 (systems and

components that will, on medium and long term, lose market share), is moderate and also good news in that it is a menaced future industry. This result is coherent with the fact that in the segment of systems and components many vehicle manufactur-ers outsource. As could be expected, Segment S3 (systems and compo-nents related with electric technology), those situated in group F, are of low weight with the exception of the power electronics because there might be few but they are key references with international groups supporting them.

Electric vehicle electronics

Central computer systems E

Reserve power relay and conversion E

Battery charge/recharge systems E

High power wiring E

Energy accumulation systems

Bater pack F

Supercondensators F

Complementary battery feeding systems

Photovoltaic systems E

Energy recovery systems E

Electric Prowertrain

Electric machines E

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E lectric vehicles are, from the very beginnings, a relevant element in the research of IREC (Catalonia’s Energy Research Institute). The Area of Electricity Networks and Power Elec-

tronics have developed a number of projects in the electric vehicle value chain. Other areas of the center like Advanced Materials for Energy are present in important fields like that of the batteries. Participation in national and international projects has al-lowed starting research, recharge infrastructure and electric vehicle activities.

What challenges must be over-come so that the electric vehicle may be of major use?Cost reduction and information to citizens. The first issue will be reached as the industries follow their learning curve, profiting the results of research and the scale economy that will be created as the vehicles penetrate the market. The second issue, as important as the first, will require the active partici-pation of the administrations that will have to show electric vehicle’s advantages to the potential con-sumers, and pay attention to the needs that will arise during the first stages of this emerging technology.

What impact will have a large scale electric vehicle implanta-tion on the electricity network?On short term, it will be not be significant. During these first moments, it will be a key factor to identify and adapt the legal barriers that might compromise the demand of electric vehicles. On mid and long term, the impact on the electricity network will be important. Not so much on energy levels (total pro-duced and consumed energy in the

system) but on the power levels (capacity to attend peaks at certain moments). New technologies must be developed to manage the battery recharge mode, promote recharges at off-peak hours and maximize the amount of electricity of renewable origin.

Is the knowledge generated in private and public spheres converging enough?The majority of projects we have been participating in have been co-financed by public R&D programs. The administration has also participated in the technological transformation process, strategic for Catalonia and the rest of Spain due to the tradition of the au-tomotive sector. In these projects are involved local and regional administrations that play a key role in the boost of electric vehicles in terms of communication with citizens and the start-up of infra-structures. IREC together with a board of trustees from the public administration, the private sector and the universities is a clear example of this model of innovation.

Which factors stimulate best the advances in electric ve-hicles? Petrol price? The fight for air quality? Research? Or political will?All four are relevant factors. The first two could be considered as the model of sustainable mobility debate detonators. The prove of their importance has been evident during the first half of 2011 mainly because of the price increase due to the conflict in North Africa and the high values of contamination in Spain’s two major cities, the problem has been made aware to all. Research may ac-celerate the introduction of electric vehicles and, as with Catalo-nia, is a positioning factor of the industries, present in almost the complete value chain. Identifying the mid and long term challenges is also important in terms of energy policies and in terms of new business models for enterprises of the sector. Finally, support from the administration is important to propitiate and lead the changes. The electric vehicle will arrive but we do not know the time it will take; in any case, Administration must define the regulations that will enable the deployment of this new market.

The active industrial environment that surrounds electric vehicles can only be understood when taking

into account the direct participation in demonstra-tive projects of universities, technological centers, the industry and the enterprises. The support of Bdigital, ASCAMM, LEITAT, CTM, IREC, UPC, CTAE, Creafutur, b_TEC, CETIB, STA, IESE and ESADE, among others, is essential to keep up with Barcelona’s industrial transfor-mation and innovation.

irec, An exAmPle oF knowledge trAnsFerence

interviewAntonio Martínezcatalonia’s energy research institute director (irec)

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E lectric mobility is the most important challenge for the automotive industry and one that will mark Spain’s future. It will not be a simple nor fast transition. If the fossil fuels

have not been as yet substituted by electric energy it is due to the complexity it supposes. Change is also full of chances and Seat cannot an will not let the pass. As a leading automo-tive manufacturing company in Spain, Seat wants to be a key player in the transformation Spanish economy needs to limit, for example, energetic dependency from petrol. When speaking about clean mobility we think about environment and the CO2 emissions reduc-tion, but also in the economic sustainability of a country with an external deficit that has to guarantee the future of the most important industrial sector: automotion. Seat leads a consortium of leading companies that are involved in all the economic sectors to boost development of electromobility in Spain. Verde Cenit Project (Strategic National Consortiums of Technical Investi-gation) dedicated to investigation and knowledge generation for future manufacture and commerce of plug-in hybrid and electric vehicles, has the economic support of the Science and Innovation Ministry and a budget of 34 mil-lion Euros. There are 15 companies

and 14 universities and public investigation offices involved. The field of investigation reaches the complete value chain of electromobility; from the generation of renewable energy to the recycling of the lithium from the batteries. Seat’s compromise with sustainable –Seat is one of the promoters of Live– goes much further than the Green Project. Our plans contemplate responsible management of technologi-cal changes. Therefore, we are concerned about the emissions of the combustion engine as demonstrated by the progressive introduction of Ecomotive technology. Acceptance is incred-ible: by 2010 340,000 units were sold in a clear bet for vehicles with emissions below 120 g CO2/km. We have the capability of staying in the lead of the market with low emission vehicles available for everybody. The next step will be the pluggable hybrid vehicles, in other words, those that, besides a low fuel consumption can charge electricity from the grid. Hybrids like Seat Ibx, presented during the last International Car show in Genève, encourage the development of the necessary recharge infrastructure so that the electric vehicles are not conditioned by autonomy and so that they can be commercialized mas-sively. At Seat we are convinced that the future belongs to pure electric vehicles and therefore we are already studying the second generation that will incorporate electric technology that will suppose an advantage in performance, design and habit-ability. The best example of this work is the prototype named Ibe 2.0, recognized as the best electric concept car during the París 2010 Venue. It is too early to go into details and assure how the industry will stand in some years from now. We are certain, however, that future mobility cannot be understood, partially or totally, without electric energy and that Seat will lead the sector’s transformation in Spain.

A shAred chAllenge

oPinion Santi Castellàseat’s electromobility officer

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Barcelona, has been working for some time towards the electric vehicle implantation in

urban environments, it is positioning itself at the vanguard of the new mobility. Due to the characteristics of the urban routes, the vehicles’ autonomy and performance; the cities become the ideal fields to implement this silent technol-ogy. Emission reduction and the improvement of air quality have become an urgent need. The dream of a contaminationless mobility has to overcome some challenges. Public administra-tions and enterprises have woken up and are starting to encourage the needed R+D; and the adaptation of urban space to the requerements of the plug-in vehicles to be able to connect to the grid. The efforts, both public and private, converge in a set of innovative programs of support, testing and application of electricity to Barcelona’s mobility; from the creation of a network of multi-user recharge and parking stations for two wheeled vehicles; to the substi-tution and adaptation of the bus and services fleets. Agreements signed with the automotive sector boost Barcelona’s strategic bet for in-novation en urban travel.

stAte oF the Art technology in urBAn moBility

members of the diba Product solutions team, one of the catalonian engineering companies that coopera-ted in the process of creating mobecpoint: multi-user recharge stations for two wheeled vehicles, innovative in performance, design and means of production.

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MOBECPOINTCATALONIAN TECHNOLOGY TO RECHARGE ELECTRIC MOTORCYCLES

Barcelona is implementing a network of innovative recharge stations for

electric motorcycles and bicycles –more affordable and therefore nowadays easier to introduce and park in cities than cars. The first two operate since March 2011 and are located in districts 22@ and La Barceloneta; another three are expected to be placed before the end of 2011. Each station allows currently the simultaneous recharge of six motorcycles or bicycles, in the future each may take up to ten, developed by different Catalonian companies and groups of entrepreneurs coordinated by Mobecpoint. The stations are easily placed, have maximum security and are of reduced seize; the energy is of clean origin and its computer softwarewill allow remote recharge control by the user. The interaction between recharge station and vehicle is easy but at the same time advanced. Each user has an ID pass, compatible with all electricity recharge points. Once identified, the user establishes the desired recharge time. Unlike other systems, the plugs do not remain open and the proximity of the vehicle to the recharge point avoids accidents. On short term, users will be able to control the state of charge and modify the desired recharge time through mobile phone –by means of an specific program– or through the Mobecpoint website.

A photovoltaic cell on the upper part of the station provides the necessary energy to feed the signaling leds. The lifespan of all the components have been taken into account during the design and production process and easily changeable and recyclable materials have been used. Vandalism has also been counted on. Different Catalonian companies have participated in the design, technological innovation and construction of the station promoted by Mobecpoint: Diba Product Solutions has developed the engineering and the industrial design, Schneider Electric has been in charge of the electricity, Moveo has created the software and the programing, and We are Twenty has been in charge of the strategy and image. Iberdrola supplies the stations with power of renewable origin. On the other hand, Mobecpoint is developing plans that will offer Barcelona integrated electric mobility solutions –including the rental of motorcycles at recharge stations–, for different sectors and economic areas. The MobecCampus UPC project, for example, will create two electric motorcycle stations in the North and South campus of the Technical University of Catalonia. The MobecHotel project consist in the deployment of Mobecpoint stations equipped with rental motorcycles at five hotels in the city and five cultural, recreational and economic sites of Barcelona.

Barcelona is the world’s first city that has deployed multi-user recharge stations for two wheeled electric vehicles. The station is much more that the usual pivot in design and performance

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ENDESA AND CEPSAINNOVATIVE qUICK RECHARGE POINTS AT SERVICE STATIONS

The companies Endesa and Cepsa have signed an agreement with

the objective of developing, integrat-ing, extend and tryout a network of recharge points at CEPSA’s service stations, where the vehicles will have a reserved parking and quick recharge zone. The new technology allows recharging the batteries up to 50% in 10 minutes in those vehicles that incorporate the possibility Charge and Move (CHAdeMO). This innovative infrastructure technology within the first “ENDESA energy island” will be first deployed at the CEPSA’s service station located at Lope de Vega street, district 22 @, Barcelona. The recharge point is activated by means of an ENDESA ID pass, conforming to the CHAdeMO stan-dard, the protocol that takes care of two questions: the communication languaje between the vehicle and the recharge point; and the physical con-nection of both. CHAdeMO is a world association that groups the leading vehicle and infrastructure manufactur-ers and of which ENDESA is member since April 2010. Furthermore, since last December, Spain is also a member of CHAdeMO Europe which has the objective of promoting the installation of these quick recharge points through-out the continent and converting it to an European Standard.

GREEN E-MOTIONEUROPEAN INITIATIVE FOR TRANSIT TO ELECTRIC MOBILITY

Barcelona is one of the more than 40 cities of the Green E-Motion

investigation consortium, an initiative of the European Commission to pro-mote electromobility in different parts of Europe. Under this name industrial companies, car manufacturers, public services, municipalities, universities and investigation and research insti-tutes, share and extend knowledge and experiences on electric mobility and vehicles; with the objective of making it easier and accelerating its coordi-nated implantation in Europe. Each member provides its local develop-ments until then and applies the Euro-pean electric mobility tests conducted in cities like Barcelona. All members, participating in this global innitiative, gain impulse and transparency. Green E-Motion members are manufactur-ers Siemens, the consortium’s leading company, Bosch, SAP, Alstom, IBM and Better Place; the companies ESB, Energi Dansk, EDF, Endesa, Enel, Iberdrola, Eurelectric, RWE and PPC; car manufacturers BMW, Daimler, Mi-cro Vett, Renault and Nissan; the cities of Barcelona, Màlaga, Dublin, Cork, Copenhaguen, Bornholm, Malmö, Roma and Berlin; the universities and research institutes Imperial, Cidaut, ECN, LABEIN, TCD, ERSE, DTU, IREC and Cartif; and the technological institutes DTI, TÜV Nord and FKA.

A new recharge point, developed by ENDESA and CEPSA, allows recharges in only ten minutes. Barcelona is Spain’s first city in deploying this type of recharge points

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URBASERELECTRIC VEHICLES IN URBAN SERVICE FLEETS

A quarter of Urbaser’s fleet, in charge of the street cleaning and waste col-

lection in Barcelona, has been substi-tuted by electric vehicles: 22 Micro Vett Ducato trucks (3,500 kg), 18 auxiliary Piaggio Porter vehicles (1,800 kg), 5 gas-electric hybrid Mercedes Econic trucks (26,000 kg), 3 bicycles, 2 sweep-ers (2,150 kg) and 1 Fiat Doblo (2,150 kg). The recharges are done through an intelligent system at three different work centers. Supervision of the system allows coordinating the recharges and know-ing in real time, besides the state of the charge, the incidents, consumption and energy savings and emissions of each unit. According to an analysis of Urbaser the performance of electric ve-hicles, two years after their deployment, is optimal. The electric units consume a third less than combustion units, al-though the initial inversion in vehicles, batteries and recharge systems is a 40/50% higher, despite the subsidies. This difference is reduced as the num-ber of kilometers covered increases. The difference of costs is not as evident as might seem at first sight when in the economic balance we include the environmental and health benefits that electric mobility provides. Taking into account the complete fleet of 285 units, the annual CO2 emissions have been reduced by 115 tons.

SECE, S.A.ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN STREET LIGHTING MAINTENANCE

I n 2008 the street lighting maintenance company SECE

(Spanish Society for Electric Constructions), decides to renew progressively their fleet to other vehicles more efficient and less emissions. One year later electricity is introduced in 23 of the more than 150 vehicles of the fleet. The most important innovations have been made in the trucks that are used to repair the lights. In these trucks, fueled by compressed natural gas, an electric rack has been added and the hydraulic and other diverse engine components have been redesigned to achieve minimal loss of charge and maximal performance. The gas engine is only used for travel and electricity activates the rack. As 70% of the time during change or repair of street lights is done with the engine idling and only a 30% is used in travel from one street light to another, it has been possible to reduce emissions by more than 80% and avoid noise contamination during daytime and nighttime jobs. The 16 electric Fiat Fiorino Micro Vett units (1,700 kg) are used for transport of personnel and materials and for underground repairs, inspections and verifications, among other. The lithium batteries are charged at 16 intelligent recharge points located at the company once the work shifts end.

The service fleets in public urban spaces are ideal to introduce the electric vehicle with the consequent energetic, environmental and air quality advantages for cities like Barcelona

As it is a silent technology, the more than 250 vehicles of the city’s fleet are helping in reducing the noise contamination, some even incorporate noise detectors for pedestrian’s security

eng_live.indd 30 30/03/11 12:32


PRIvATE FLEETSCOMPANIES THAT THINK GREEN AND ADD UP THEIR EXPERIENCE TO THE PUBLIC INITIATIVE

The more than 250 electric vehicles that operate in Barcelona’s munici-

pal services fleets has generated much knowledge on electric mobility for both the operators and the involved indus-try. The contribution is complemented by the involvement of companies that think green and have started a process similar to those of the public initiative in their own fleets. In this fashion, Correos (Spanish post) is going to start in 2008 a pilot plan to study the performance of ecologic vehicles in urban and historic town centers. At the moment, 12 electric motorcycles distribute correspondence in Barcelona. Other private services, like super-market delivery services are beginning to be done by means of electric vehicles that contribute in lessening carbon di-oxide and other contamination particles emissions. Caprabo-Eroski and Condis are pioneers in incorporating electric mobility for delivery service. At the same time, the deployment of the public recharge infrastructure and the ecologic conscience of the citizens has favored the appearance of private innovating initiatives at the hand of electric mobil-ity. This is the case of Cooltra, the first company of motorcycle rental in Europe to include electric scooters in its fleet. The company offers for rent 30 state of the art electric motorcycles in Barcelona to visit the city.

TMB AND SIEMENSHYBRID BUSSES IN BARCELONA, THE FLEET RECONVERSION.

O f the new busses that circulate through Barcelona, four combine

electric and diesel engine. The fifth is a diesel bus prototype reconverted to hybrid. They are a result of TBM’s (Metropolitan Transports of Barcelona) R&D program by name Retrofit, with state of the art Siemens technology. Traction is completely electric. It means that the diesel engine is one of the principal innovations of the program as it is only used as an electricity generator. ELFA technology guarantees up to 40% energy savings as it recovers energy when slowing down and braking and favors smooth driving. To these advantages other have to be summed up like the low noise of the engine that reduces acoustic contamination by up to 50%. As the new busses consume about 25-30% less fuel, the reduction of greenhouse gas and contaminating particle emissions is proportional. However, increasing on short term the electric traction bus fleet –TMB’s objective– would be impossible only through the annual aged car renovation. The company has already ordered Siemens the reconversion of 80 diesel busses to electric traction cars; after obtaining the efficiency and environmental improvement results of the prototype, similar to new vehicles.

The behavior of the new electric vehicles satisfies the officers of public services fleets and the drivers. In the case of the busses, driving is smooth

Companies in charge of public services like Urbaser have installed intelligent rechargers at the parking lots of their working locations that supervise the charge

eng_live.indd 31 30/03/11 12:32

IX Spanish ITS Congress 5-7 April 2011 Hotel Barceló www.itsspain.com Sants. Barcelona.

Ev Battery Forum Europe 12-14 April 2011 CCIB Centre de www.evbatteryforum.com Convencions Internacional de Barcelona Barcelona

International Motor Show 14-22 May 2011 Montjuïc Venue www.salonautomovil.com Fira Barcelona. Barcelona

Shanghai Motor Show and 1st 21-28 April 2011 Shanghai www.iea.org International Electric vehicle pilot City and Industry Development Forum 2011

Ecoseries March-October 2011 Different circuits www.ecoraces.net through catalonia

Mobility Week September 2011 Barcelona www.bcn.cat/ setmanamobilitat

Fórmula Elèctrica October 2011 Circuit de Catalunya mobilitatelectrica.word press.com

Intertraffic Fair 2012 27-30 March 2012 Amsterdam www.amsterdam.inter traffic.com

Electric vehicle October 2013 Barcelona www.evs26.org Simposium 27 - 2013

CONFERENCES DATES PLACE WEBAND EvENTS

All the latest news and information about electric

mobility can be found at www.bcn.cat/livebarcelona

join the AgendA

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live plug-in to barcelona (issue 1 april '11)

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