Livestock External Anatomy

Commercial Livestock

• Used in the livestock and poultry industry

• Crosses of more than one breed or strain of breeds

• Adds in genetic diversity– Livestock have more desired traits– Undesirable traits can be lessened

• Used by most producers

Objective• 1.03• Recognize the major parts of

cattle, swine and poultry

Cattle Parts

Cattle Parts

Cattle Parts

Swine Parts

Poultry Parts

External Parts• Anatomy

– The science of body structure• Modified skin:

– horns– hooves– feathers– fur– wool– hair

Selective Breeding• Only the best animals are chosen

as breeding stock:– Confirmation– Breed character– Structural soundness of feet and legs– Body capacity

Structural Soundness

Structural Soundness

Structural Soundness

Structural Soundness

Livestock Products• Work in groups of three and write

down as many animals products and by-products as you can.

• You have 10 min. to complete this task!

Livestock Products1. Food

– meat, – milk, – cheese, – eggs

2. Clothing– wool, – leather from hides

Livestock Products3. Shelter

– tents from hides 4. Power

– work in less developed countries

Livestock Products5. Recreation

– horse back riding, rodeos 6. Fuel

– burn dry animal manure 7. Animals are converters

– Eat stuff humans don’t – Grass becomes steak

Which of the following was not made from animals:

Answer!

By-Products1. Wool2. Leather 3. Candy and chewing gum from

animal fat 4. Gelatin - from horns, hooves,

bones, and hides 5. Glue, cosmetics, waxes, soap,

lubricants, brushes, etc.

Wool

By-Products6. Animal feeds from scrap meat and

bones and blood meal 7. Insulin

– for diabetics– from livestock pancreas

By-Products8. Heparin

– for blood clotting– from livestock lungs

9. Candles10. Fertilizer

By-Products11. Stearic acid, a component of fat,

is used to make automobile tires.12. Fatty acids are used in soaps,

detergents, insecticides, herbicides, paints, lubricants, asphalt, car polishes and waxes, shaving cream, deodorants and perfumes.

By-Products13. Bone charcoal, derived from

bones, is used to manufacture steel ball bearings

14. Small intestines of sheep are made into surgical sutures for suturing internal incisions and wounds.

By-Products15. Small intestines from pigs can

make skin replacements for humans

Trends in Animal Science

Objective• 2.02• Describe the economic importance

and trends for each major classes of livestock and poultry produced in North Carolina

Swine

Trends in NC Swine• The top agriculture commodity in

North Carolina – found mostly in the eastern 1/2 of the

state• North Carolina ranks 2nd nationally

– Iowa is 1st

Trends in NC Swine• The swine industry brings in over

1.5 billion dollars to the state• The number of swine farms is

decreasing– The size of farms is increasing

Poultry

Trends in NC Poultry• Broilers are Cleveland County’s top

agriculture commodity• Broilers are NC’s second rank

commodity• Broilers bring in over 1.3 billion

dollars in cash receipts to NC agriculture

Trends in NC Poultry• Recent health concerns has

increased the consumption of poultry products– less fat– subcutaneous fat layer

Animal Agriculture• North Carolina livestock

commodities brings in twice as much money as other agriculture products

Livestock, Dairy and Poultry Cash Receipts from Farm Marketing, 2001

Cleveland County Livestock Rank Within State, (2002 estimates)

• Hogs- 61st (1,500) (4,100 in 2004)

• Cattle- 7th (23,500)– Beef Cattle 6th– Milk Cattle 23rd (800)

• Broilers- 23rd (7,200,000)• All chickens- 30th

StatisticsCharts and statistics provided by:• NCDA

– http://www.ncagr.com/stats/index.htm• USDA

– http://www.usda.gov/nass/