1© 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

• Texture: surface quality (actual or visual; implied)• Impasto• Pattern (regular repetition)

• Space: 2- & 3-dimensional (height, width &/or depth)(actual or implied)

• Positive/negative; figure/ground• Overlapping; foreground/background• Position • Linear & isometric perspective• Atmospheric perspective & chiaroscuro• Foreshortening

• Time & motion: elapsed, implied, kinetic

Chapter Four, Part B

The Visual Elements

2

Texture

Surface quality (can be actual or implied)

Actual texture: a tactile experience

Visual or implied texture: an illusionary experience

3

Texture

Actual texture: a tactile experience

4

Texture

Visual or implied texture: an illusionary experience

Impasto: thickly applied paint that creates visual texture.

5

Pattern

Pattern: created by a regular or expected repetition

6

Space

Three dimensional space has height, width, and depth. There exists both negative and positive space.

Figure 4.40 Giacometti, The Nose, 1947.

Figure 4.41 Do Ho Suh, Reflection, 2004.

7

“How could there be a line if there were not the spaces on either side of it to mark is edges?”

8

Space

Three dimensional space has height, width, and depth. There exists both negative and positive space.

Figure 4.40 Giacometti, The Nose, 1947.

Figure 4.41 Do Ho Suh, Reflection, 2004.

9

10

11

Implied Space

© 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Two dimensional space has only height and width. There exists the picture plane and the illusion of the negative and

positive space.

Figure 4.42 Maharana Amar Singh II, Prince Sangram Singh…c. 1705-08.

1. Overlapping

2. Position (foreground, middle-ground, background)

3. Linear perspective or isometric perspective

4. Atmospheric perspective

5. Foreshortening

12

13

Implied SpaceIllusion of Space

© 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Figure 4.43 Basic principles of linear perspective.

Linear Perspective

1. Overlapping

2. Position (foreground, middle-ground, background)

3. Linear perspective or isometric perspective

4. Atmospheric perspective

5. Foreshortening

14

Implied SpaceIllusion of Space

Linear Perspective

Forms seem to diminish in size as they recede from us.

• Parallel lines receding into the distance seem to converge, until they meet at a point on the horizon line where they disappear. (known as the Vanishing Point)

15

Figure 4.45 Leonardo da Vinci, The Last Supper, 1495-97.

Linear Perspective…and symbolism

Implied SpaceIllusion of Space

16

Figure 4.48 Bierstadt, The Rocky Mountains, Lander’s Peak, 1863.

Figure 4.49 Detail, Gongwang, Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains, 1530.

1. Overlapping

2. Position (foreground, middle-ground, background)

3. Linear perspective or isometric perspective

4. Atmospheric perspective

5. Foreshortening

Atmospheric Perspective

Implied SpaceIllusion of Space

17

Figure 4.48 Bierstadt, The Rocky Mountains, Lander’s Peak,

1863.

Atmospheric Perspective: is based on the observation that distant objects appear less distinct.

Implied SpaceIllusion of Space

18

Figure 4.49 Detail, Gongwang, Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains, 1530.

Atmospheric Perspective

Implied SpaceIllusion of Space

19

Figure 4.46 Hans Baldung Grien, The Groom and the Witch, c.1540.

Figure 4.47 Dürer, Draftsman Drawing a Reclining Nude, c. 1527.

1. Overlapping

2. Position (foreground, middle-ground, background)

3. Linear perspective or isometric perspective

4. Atmospheric perspective

5. Foreshortening

Foreshortening

Implied SpaceIllusion of Space

20Figure 4.46 Hans Baldung Grien, The Groom and the Witch, c.1540.

Figure 4.47 Dürer, Draftsman Drawing a Reclining Nude, c. 1527.

Foreshortening

Implied SpaceIllusion of Space

- Human and animal forms that appear to recede into the distance.

21

Time and Motion

Figure 4.52 Calder, Southern Cross, 1963.

Figure 4.54 Eve Sussman, 89 Seconds at Alcazar, 2003.

Elapsed time · Implied motion ·  Kinetic art: (actual motion)

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23

Time and Motion

Time and Motion

Elapsed time · Implied motion ·  Kinetic art: (actual motion)

24

Time and Motion

Figure 4.55 Steinkamp, Dervish, detail, 2004.

Time and MotionElapsed time · Implied motion ·  Kinetic art: (actual motion)

25© 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter Four, Part B

The Visual Elements• Texture: surface quality (actual or visual; implied)

• Impasto• Pattern (regular repetition)

• Space: 2- & 3-dimensional (height, width &/or depth)(actual or implied)

• Positive/negative; figure/ground• Overlapping; foreground/background• Position • Linear & isometric perspective• Atmospheric perspective & chiaroscuro• Foreshortening

• Time & motion: elapsed, implied, kinetic