living with tectonic hazards - kq1
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What is
Ap
Whatare
Climate/
Tectonic
I
Location
China,Sic
Alaska,U
Haiti
Kamchat
ANSWERT
COMPARE
a natural
naturalhaza
roperty.
thedifferen
tmospheric
pactofthe
Them
huan
A
a,Russia
HIS!
THE DIFFEREN
hazard?
rdisanatur
typesofnat
BlizzardDrought
Hailstorm
Heatwave
Maelstrom
Cyclonicst
Icestorm
Tornado
Climatech
Geomagne
Volcanicer
Earthquak
Tsunami
hazardvaries
ostseveree
Year Pop
2008 80,4
2002 710,
2010 9,92
1952 320,
TTYPESOFNA
K
llyoccurring
uralhazards
rm
nge
ticstorm
uption
indifferent
rthquakemi
lation M
18,200 7.
231 7.
3,243 7.
156 9.
TURALHAZAR
1Whyares
eventthatt
laces.
ghtnotbeth
agnitude D
8
0
3
2
S.
omeareasm
reatenshu
Widely
ConcenPacific
edeadliest.
eath Da
700 10
$86
Da
16000 250
comcoll
336 Los
oreproneto
anlivesand
distributeda
tratednear
t
cean
ages
illionhomel
billiondama
agedhighw
000residen
mercialbuil
psed
oflivestock
tectonichaz
causesdama
roundthew
ecoastlines
ess
ges
ys
esand30,00
ingshad
LivingwithTectonicHazards
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of
0
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Internal
Core
3000Cto
Mantle
800Cto
Magnesiu
silicatem
Density
Crust
Lessthan
earthsv
ANSWERT
DESCRIBE
tructureoft
5000C
000C
miron
inerals
3.35g/cm
1%of
lume
HIS!
HEINTERNAL
heEarth
Innercore
Outercore
Lowermant
Asthenosph
Solidrock
Oceaniccru
Continental
STRUCTUREO
K
12
So
De
Co
21
Li
De
CoRe
fie
le 22
(lit
ere Ea
Ri
st 6
M
De
crust
35M
Le
THE EARTHA
1Whyares
00km
lid,duetoex
nsity13.6
nsistofiron
00km
uidlayer
nsity1012
nsistsof
iron
sponsiblefor
ld
30km
tleisknown
silydeforme
id
0kmthick
deofmainl
nser3g/c
70km
thick
deofmainl
ssdense2.
NDTECTONIC
omeareasm
tremepress
/cm
andnickel
g/cm
Earthsmag
ofitscompo
basalt(maf
granite(fels
82.9g/cm
PLATES.
oreproneto
re
netic
sition)
c)
ic)
Lith
(br
tectonichaz
Uppermantl
osphere
kenintopla
LivingwithTectonicHazards
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Learn
me!
Howd
Insho
Convecti
1.2. T3. T4. T5. T
r
Watch
motion
ore abou
oplates
t,itisa
nCurrentT
aterialinth
heupwelling
hehotmantl
hesinkingof
hesinkingm
peats
he conve
! Scan me
t basalt a
ove?
omplex
eory
mantleish
ofmagmafo
ecoolswhen
magmapulle
gmaheatsu
tion cur
K
d granit
rocess.
atedupbyr
rcestheplat
itgetsfurth
dtheplates
pagainwhe
ent theor
1Whyares
! Scan
dioactivede
sapartasn
rfromthec
along
itgetsnear
in
omeareasm
cayintheco
wcrustisfo
oreandsinks
rtothecor
oreproneto
reandrises
rmed
andthewh
tectonichaz
leprocess
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1. T2. T3. T4. T5. T
ANSWERT
EXPLAINT
heplatemov
hedenseroc
hisprocessis
hesubductin
heslabpullf
HIS!
HEMOVEMEN
ementisalso
eanicplateis
calledsubd
gslabofcrus
orcefurther
OFPLATES.
K
fueledbyth
forcedbene
ction
texertsagra
rivesthedo
1Whyares
eslabpull
aththelessd
vitationalpu
nwardmo
omeareasm
otion
ensecontin
llontherest
ingportion
oreproneto
ntalplace
oftheplate
fconvection
tectonichaz
current
LivingwithTectonicHazards
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KQ1Whyar someareasmorepronetotectonichazard?
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Tes Yourself!KQ1Whyar someareasmorepronetotectonichazard?
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Typesof
Divergen
(spreadin
Converge
(subducti
Transfor
(conserva
lateBound
boundary
gplates/con
ntboundary
onzone)
boundary
tive/passive
ries
tructivemar
margins)
K
gin)
e
o
c
o
o
c
o
e
d
1Whyares
woplatesm
achother.
ceanicocea
ontinentalc
wo
plates
mther.
ceanicocea
ontinentalc
ceanicconti
woplatesm
achotherbu
estroyedno
omeareasm
oveapartfro
ic
ntinental
ove
towards
ic
ntinental
netal
ovesideway
tlandisneit
created
oreproneto
m Mid
(Eur
from
each
Indiwith
from
past
her
San
Calif
Paci
Ame
tectonichaz
AtlanticRidg
peismovin
North
Amer
n
plate
colliEurasianpla
theHimalay
ndreasfaul
ornia.(betw
icandNorth
rican)
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ed
teto
as
in
en
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Divergen
Oceanic
PlateBoun
ceanic
aries
K
2plates Fracture
boundar
Magmathegap
Midoceunderwa
Newseacalledse
Whenmlevel,av
1Whyares
oveawayf
areformed
isesfromth
nicridgeisf
termountai
floorisform
afloorsprea
agmabuilds
olcanicislan
omeareasm
romeachoth
attheplate
mantletofi
ormed.They
ranges.
edinaproce
ding
pabovesea
isformed
oreproneto
er
ll
are
ss
Mido
Examp
Ridge
Volca
Examp
tectonichaz
eanicridge
le:MidAtlan
icislands
le:Azores
LivingwithTectonicHazards
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Continen
alContinen al
K
Whenpressu
fractu
Thelasink,f
know Asthe
therei
crust
valley
centre
1Whyares
2continenta
reisformed
esalongthe
dinbetwee
rmingaline
as
rift
vallefaultcontin
sfurtherthi
nddeepenin
untilmagma
oftheriftfo
omeareasm
lplatesdiver
causing
boundary
nthe2plate
ardepressio
.
estopullap
ningofthe
goftherift
wellsinto
rmingvolcan
oreproneto
ge,
s
art
o
Riftval
Examp
RiftVal
Volcan
Examp
tectonichaz
ley
le:EastAfric
ley
o
le:MountM
LivingwithTectonicHazards
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Converge
Oceanic
ntPlateBou
ceanic
ndaries
K
Whcon
one
ben
one
Thissub
Anofor
sub
Thefor
Thethro
for
Eartdue
byt
mas
(atrenchwil
subduction
themidoce
duetother
hencelessd
1Whyares
n2oceanic
erge,thede
willbesubd
aththeless
areaisknow
uctionzone
ceanictrenc
edatthe
uctionzone
sinkingcrust
ingmagma
magmarises
ughthecrus
ingvolcano
hquakesma
tofrictionge
emovingro
ses
lnotformif
oneisveryc
anspreading
lativelywar
enselithosp
omeareasm
lates
nser
cted
dense
nasthe
his
melts,
t,
s
occur
nerated
ck
the
loseto
centre
,
ere)
O
E
Isl
E
oreproneto
ceanictrenc
ample:Mari
andarc/Vol
ample:Mari
tectonichaz
naTrench
ano
naIslands
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Continen
alContinen al
K
Whplat
are
buo
Thisbrefrac
Layupp
are
resu
foldi
Foldfor
1Whyares
n2continen
sconverge,
oothickand
anttosubd
causesthep
k
and
slide
auresinthec
rsofrockon
rpartofthe
ompressed
ltinginmass
ngs
mountainsa
ed
omeareasm
tal
they
ct
latesto
long
rust
the
crust
ogether
ive
re
F
E
Pl
oreproneto
ldMountain
ample:The
ateandEura
tectonichaz
s
imalayas(In
ianPlate)
LivingwithTectonicHazards
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Oceanic
ontinental
K
Whwith
oce
whi
con
Foldfor
Attplat
Somare
and
con
Theinto
Anothe
Thetori
Thetos
plat
Volc
1Whyares
nanoceanic
acontinent
nicplateisa
hsubductsb
inentalplate
ing
of
the
cosfoldmoun
isboundary,
istheoldes
eoftheoce
crapedofft
addeddirect
inentalplate
restofthepl
themantlea
ceanictrenc
ointofsubd
meltedocea
seasmagma
risingmagm
artmeltingt
anoesarefo
omeareasm
platecollide
lplate,the
lwaystheon
eneaththe
ntinental
platains
theoceanic
tandthickes
nicsedimen
eoceanicpl
lytothe
atedescend
ndmelt
hisformeda
uction
nicplatebeg
ishotenou
hecontinent
rmed
oreproneto
e
te
t
ts
ate
t
in
gh
al
Ocean
Sunda
Volca
Moun
Fold
Barisa
tectonichaz
icTrench
trench
o
SaintHelen
ountains
Mountains
LivingwithTectonicHazards
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Transfor
T T C F A
ANSWERT
DESCRIBE
SkillsChe
1. D2. I3. D
b
PlateBoun
oplatessli
helithospher
haracterized
rmtransfor
natolianPlat
HIS!
HETYPES
OF
cklist
rawandann
entifyandla
rawlabeled
oundaries
daries
ingalongne
eisneitherc
byfrequent
fault
eslidingpast
LATEBOUND
tateadiagr
belmajorpla
iagramssho
K
xttooneano
reatednord
ajorearthq
EurasianPla
RIES.
mshowingt
tesandthe
wingthediff
1Whyares
ther
stroyed
uakes
teformingth
heinternals
oundarytyp
renttypeso
omeareasm
eNorthAna
tructureoft
esonmaps
fmovement
oreproneto
olianFault
eEarth
stakingplac
tectonichaz
atplate
LivingwithTectonicHazards
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13rd?