living with tectonic hazards - kq1

Upload: jiexin-zhang

Post on 04-Jun-2018

228 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • 8/13/2019 Living with Tectonic Hazards - KQ1

    1/13

    What is

    Ap

    Whatare

    Climate/

    Tectonic

    I

    Location

    China,Sic

    Alaska,U

    Haiti

    Kamchat

    ANSWERT

    COMPARE

    a natural

    naturalhaza

    roperty.

    thedifferen

    tmospheric

    pactofthe

    Them

    huan

    A

    a,Russia

    HIS!

    THE DIFFEREN

    hazard?

    rdisanatur

    typesofnat

    BlizzardDrought

    Hailstorm

    Heatwave

    Maelstrom

    Cyclonicst

    Icestorm

    Tornado

    Climatech

    Geomagne

    Volcanicer

    Earthquak

    Tsunami

    hazardvaries

    ostseveree

    Year Pop

    2008 80,4

    2002 710,

    2010 9,92

    1952 320,

    TTYPESOFNA

    K

    llyoccurring

    uralhazards

    rm

    nge

    ticstorm

    uption

    indifferent

    rthquakemi

    lation M

    18,200 7.

    231 7.

    3,243 7.

    156 9.

    TURALHAZAR

    1Whyares

    eventthatt

    laces.

    ghtnotbeth

    agnitude D

    8

    0

    3

    2

    S.

    omeareasm

    reatenshu

    Widely

    ConcenPacific

    edeadliest.

    eath Da

    700 10

    $86

    Da

    16000 250

    comcoll

    336 Los

    oreproneto

    anlivesand

    distributeda

    tratednear

    t

    cean

    ages

    illionhomel

    billiondama

    agedhighw

    000residen

    mercialbuil

    psed

    oflivestock

    tectonichaz

    causesdama

    roundthew

    ecoastlines

    ess

    ges

    ys

    esand30,00

    ingshad

    LivingwithTectonicHazards

    zjx

    1rd?

    geto

    rds

    of

    0

  • 8/13/2019 Living with Tectonic Hazards - KQ1

    2/13

    Internal

    Core

    3000Cto

    Mantle

    800Cto

    Magnesiu

    silicatem

    Density

    Crust

    Lessthan

    earthsv

    ANSWERT

    DESCRIBE

    tructureoft

    5000C

    000C

    miron

    inerals

    3.35g/cm

    1%of

    lume

    HIS!

    HEINTERNAL

    heEarth

    Innercore

    Outercore

    Lowermant

    Asthenosph

    Solidrock

    Oceaniccru

    Continental

    STRUCTUREO

    K

    12

    So

    De

    Co

    21

    Li

    De

    CoRe

    fie

    le 22

    (lit

    ere Ea

    Ri

    st 6

    M

    De

    crust

    35M

    Le

    THE EARTHA

    1Whyares

    00km

    lid,duetoex

    nsity13.6

    nsistofiron

    00km

    uidlayer

    nsity1012

    nsistsof

    iron

    sponsiblefor

    ld

    30km

    tleisknown

    silydeforme

    id

    0kmthick

    deofmainl

    nser3g/c

    70km

    thick

    deofmainl

    ssdense2.

    NDTECTONIC

    omeareasm

    tremepress

    /cm

    andnickel

    g/cm

    Earthsmag

    ofitscompo

    basalt(maf

    granite(fels

    82.9g/cm

    PLATES.

    oreproneto

    re

    netic

    sition)

    c)

    ic)

    Lith

    (br

    tectonichaz

    Uppermantl

    osphere

    kenintopla

    LivingwithTectonicHazards

    zjx

    2rd?

    e

    es)

  • 8/13/2019 Living with Tectonic Hazards - KQ1

    3/13

    Learn

    me!

    Howd

    Insho

    Convecti

    1.2. T3. T4. T5. T

    r

    Watch

    motion

    ore abou

    oplates

    t,itisa

    nCurrentT

    aterialinth

    heupwelling

    hehotmantl

    hesinkingof

    hesinkingm

    peats

    he conve

    ! Scan me

    t basalt a

    ove?

    omplex

    eory

    mantleish

    ofmagmafo

    ecoolswhen

    magmapulle

    gmaheatsu

    tion cur

    K

    d granit

    rocess.

    atedupbyr

    rcestheplat

    itgetsfurth

    dtheplates

    pagainwhe

    ent theor

    1Whyares

    ! Scan

    dioactivede

    sapartasn

    rfromthec

    along

    itgetsnear

    in

    omeareasm

    cayintheco

    wcrustisfo

    oreandsinks

    rtothecor

    oreproneto

    reandrises

    rmed

    andthewh

    tectonichaz

    leprocess

    LivingwithTectonicHazards

    zjx

    3rd?

  • 8/13/2019 Living with Tectonic Hazards - KQ1

    4/13

    1. T2. T3. T4. T5. T

    ANSWERT

    EXPLAINT

    heplatemov

    hedenseroc

    hisprocessis

    hesubductin

    heslabpullf

    HIS!

    HEMOVEMEN

    ementisalso

    eanicplateis

    calledsubd

    gslabofcrus

    orcefurther

    OFPLATES.

    K

    fueledbyth

    forcedbene

    ction

    texertsagra

    rivesthedo

    1Whyares

    eslabpull

    aththelessd

    vitationalpu

    nwardmo

    omeareasm

    otion

    ensecontin

    llontherest

    ingportion

    oreproneto

    ntalplace

    oftheplate

    fconvection

    tectonichaz

    current

    LivingwithTectonicHazards

    zjx

    4rd?

  • 8/13/2019 Living with Tectonic Hazards - KQ1

    5/13

    KQ1Whyar someareasmorepronetotectonichazard?

  • 8/13/2019 Living with Tectonic Hazards - KQ1

    6/13

    Tes Yourself!KQ1Whyar someareasmorepronetotectonichazard?

  • 8/13/2019 Living with Tectonic Hazards - KQ1

    7/13

    Typesof

    Divergen

    (spreadin

    Converge

    (subducti

    Transfor

    (conserva

    lateBound

    boundary

    gplates/con

    ntboundary

    onzone)

    boundary

    tive/passive

    ries

    tructivemar

    margins)

    K

    gin)

    e

    o

    c

    o

    o

    c

    o

    e

    d

    1Whyares

    woplatesm

    achother.

    ceanicocea

    ontinentalc

    wo

    plates

    mther.

    ceanicocea

    ontinentalc

    ceanicconti

    woplatesm

    achotherbu

    estroyedno

    omeareasm

    oveapartfro

    ic

    ntinental

    ove

    towards

    ic

    ntinental

    netal

    ovesideway

    tlandisneit

    created

    oreproneto

    m Mid

    (Eur

    from

    each

    Indiwith

    from

    past

    her

    San

    Calif

    Paci

    Ame

    tectonichaz

    AtlanticRidg

    peismovin

    North

    Amer

    n

    plate

    colliEurasianpla

    theHimalay

    ndreasfaul

    ornia.(betw

    icandNorth

    rican)

    LivingwithTectonicHazards

    zjx

    7rd?

    e

    away

    ica)

    ed

    teto

    as

    in

    en

  • 8/13/2019 Living with Tectonic Hazards - KQ1

    8/13

    Divergen

    Oceanic

    PlateBoun

    ceanic

    aries

    K

    2plates Fracture

    boundar

    Magmathegap

    Midoceunderwa

    Newseacalledse

    Whenmlevel,av

    1Whyares

    oveawayf

    areformed

    isesfromth

    nicridgeisf

    termountai

    floorisform

    afloorsprea

    agmabuilds

    olcanicislan

    omeareasm

    romeachoth

    attheplate

    mantletofi

    ormed.They

    ranges.

    edinaproce

    ding

    pabovesea

    isformed

    oreproneto

    er

    ll

    are

    ss

    Mido

    Examp

    Ridge

    Volca

    Examp

    tectonichaz

    eanicridge

    le:MidAtlan

    icislands

    le:Azores

    LivingwithTectonicHazards

    zjx

    8rd?

    tic

  • 8/13/2019 Living with Tectonic Hazards - KQ1

    9/13

    Continen

    alContinen al

    K

    Whenpressu

    fractu

    Thelasink,f

    know Asthe

    therei

    crust

    valley

    centre

    1Whyares

    2continenta

    reisformed

    esalongthe

    dinbetwee

    rmingaline

    as

    rift

    vallefaultcontin

    sfurtherthi

    nddeepenin

    untilmagma

    oftheriftfo

    omeareasm

    lplatesdiver

    causing

    boundary

    nthe2plate

    ardepressio

    .

    estopullap

    ningofthe

    goftherift

    wellsinto

    rmingvolcan

    oreproneto

    ge,

    s

    art

    o

    Riftval

    Examp

    RiftVal

    Volcan

    Examp

    tectonichaz

    ley

    le:EastAfric

    ley

    o

    le:MountM

    LivingwithTectonicHazards

    zjx

    9rd?

    n

    ru

  • 8/13/2019 Living with Tectonic Hazards - KQ1

    10/13

    Converge

    Oceanic

    ntPlateBou

    ceanic

    ndaries

    K

    Whcon

    one

    ben

    one

    Thissub

    Anofor

    sub

    Thefor

    Thethro

    for

    Eartdue

    byt

    mas

    (atrenchwil

    subduction

    themidoce

    duetother

    hencelessd

    1Whyares

    n2oceanic

    erge,thede

    willbesubd

    aththeless

    areaisknow

    uctionzone

    ceanictrenc

    edatthe

    uctionzone

    sinkingcrust

    ingmagma

    magmarises

    ughthecrus

    ingvolcano

    hquakesma

    tofrictionge

    emovingro

    ses

    lnotformif

    oneisveryc

    anspreading

    lativelywar

    enselithosp

    omeareasm

    lates

    nser

    cted

    dense

    nasthe

    his

    melts,

    t,

    s

    occur

    nerated

    ck

    the

    loseto

    centre

    ,

    ere)

    O

    E

    Isl

    E

    oreproneto

    ceanictrenc

    ample:Mari

    andarc/Vol

    ample:Mari

    tectonichaz

    naTrench

    ano

    naIslands

    LivingwithTectonicHazards

    zjx

    10rd?

  • 8/13/2019 Living with Tectonic Hazards - KQ1

    11/13

    Continen

    alContinen al

    K

    Whplat

    are

    buo

    Thisbrefrac

    Layupp

    are

    resu

    foldi

    Foldfor

    1Whyares

    n2continen

    sconverge,

    oothickand

    anttosubd

    causesthep

    k

    and

    slide

    auresinthec

    rsofrockon

    rpartofthe

    ompressed

    ltinginmass

    ngs

    mountainsa

    ed

    omeareasm

    tal

    they

    ct

    latesto

    long

    rust

    the

    crust

    ogether

    ive

    re

    F

    E

    Pl

    oreproneto

    ldMountain

    ample:The

    ateandEura

    tectonichaz

    s

    imalayas(In

    ianPlate)

    LivingwithTectonicHazards

    zjx

    11rd?

    dian

  • 8/13/2019 Living with Tectonic Hazards - KQ1

    12/13

    Oceanic

    ontinental

    K

    Whwith

    oce

    whi

    con

    Foldfor

    Attplat

    Somare

    and

    con

    Theinto

    Anothe

    Thetori

    Thetos

    plat

    Volc

    1Whyares

    nanoceanic

    acontinent

    nicplateisa

    hsubductsb

    inentalplate

    ing

    of

    the

    cosfoldmoun

    isboundary,

    istheoldes

    eoftheoce

    crapedofft

    addeddirect

    inentalplate

    restofthepl

    themantlea

    ceanictrenc

    ointofsubd

    meltedocea

    seasmagma

    risingmagm

    artmeltingt

    anoesarefo

    omeareasm

    platecollide

    lplate,the

    lwaystheon

    eneaththe

    ntinental

    platains

    theoceanic

    tandthickes

    nicsedimen

    eoceanicpl

    lytothe

    atedescend

    ndmelt

    hisformeda

    uction

    nicplatebeg

    ishotenou

    hecontinent

    rmed

    oreproneto

    e

    te

    t

    ts

    ate

    t

    in

    gh

    al

    Ocean

    Sunda

    Volca

    Moun

    Fold

    Barisa

    tectonichaz

    icTrench

    trench

    o

    SaintHelen

    ountains

    Mountains

    LivingwithTectonicHazards

    zjx

    12rd?

  • 8/13/2019 Living with Tectonic Hazards - KQ1

    13/13

    Transfor

    T T C F A

    ANSWERT

    DESCRIBE

    SkillsChe

    1. D2. I3. D

    b

    PlateBoun

    oplatessli

    helithospher

    haracterized

    rmtransfor

    natolianPlat

    HIS!

    HETYPES

    OF

    cklist

    rawandann

    entifyandla

    rawlabeled

    oundaries

    daries

    ingalongne

    eisneitherc

    byfrequent

    fault

    eslidingpast

    LATEBOUND

    tateadiagr

    belmajorpla

    iagramssho

    K

    xttooneano

    reatednord

    ajorearthq

    EurasianPla

    RIES.

    mshowingt

    tesandthe

    wingthediff

    1Whyares

    ther

    stroyed

    uakes

    teformingth

    heinternals

    oundarytyp

    renttypeso

    omeareasm

    eNorthAna

    tructureoft

    esonmaps

    fmovement

    oreproneto

    olianFault

    eEarth

    stakingplac

    tectonichaz

    atplate

    LivingwithTectonicHazards

    zjx

    13rd?