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LNG TERMINALS

VARIOUS PROCESSES FOR

REGASIFICATION

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Presentation FramePresentation Frame

• Gas Scenario in India

• LNG Chain

• What is Regasification?

• Processes for Regasification of LNG

• Conclusion

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GROWTH OF GAS DEMAND IN GROWTH OF GAS DEMAND IN INDIAINDIA

Large supply deficit

Industry using liquid fuels

LNG import to reduce growing gap

LNG a viable fuel in Indian market

179 193219

263 281

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

Source: Report of Working Group (XI Plan) of Government of India

Gas Demand (MMSCMD)

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PROJECTED DEMAND - SUPPLY PROJECTED DEMAND - SUPPLY GAP GAP

FOR NATURAL GASFOR NATURAL GASDemand Supply Gap (MMSCMD)

Years   2007-08 2011-12

DEMAND 179 281

SUPPLIES – DOMESTIC/PIPELINES 71 192

LNG

Terminals

Dahej 17.5 17.5

Dahej Expansion - 17.5

Hazira - 10.0

Kochi - 17.5

Dabhol - 17.5

Total LNG Imports  17.5 87

Total LNG + Domestic Gas 88.5 279

 GAP 90.5 9

Source: Report of Working Group (XI Plan) of Government of India

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WHAT IS LNGWHAT IS LNG

• LNG Is Natural Gas Liquefied at –160 oC.

• NG is liquefied to make it suitable for transportation in LNG ships through sea routes where transportation of NG by pipeline route is not feasible / economical.

• During the Liquefaction process NG is purified to very high level.

• LNG is therefore environmentally friendly and efficient fuel.

• LNG is subsequently regasified at receiving terminal for use by the End users.

LNG MOVIE

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LNG CHAINLNG CHAIN

Gas Field

Liquefaction

Storage

TransferLoading

Transportation (Loaded)

Unloading

TransferStorage

Pumping

Regasification

Vaporized LNG to Gas Consumers

Transport(Ballasted)

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UNLOADING/ VAPOR RETURN ARMS

LNG TERMINAL

Metering

SHIPLNG TANK

LPPUMP

HPPUMP

RECONDENSOR

BOG COMP.

LNG Vaporizers

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What is Regasification?

It is the process of converting Liquefied Natural Gas in Liquid state to Gaseous state by adding heat.

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Types of Vaporizers

• Open Rack Vaporizers (ORV)

• Submerged Combustion Vaporizers (SCV)

• Intermediate Fluid Vaporizers (IFV)– Hydrocarbon Mixture (Rankine Cycle)– Glycol / Methanol Water System

• Ambient Air Vaporizers (AAV)

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Open Rack Vaporizers (ORV)

LNG

RLNG

Sea Water

The term "open rack" is used because the panels are suspended in a rack, facilitating access

for maintenance.

To Sea

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Submerged Combustion Vaporizers

LNG

RLNGFuel Gas

AIR

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Intermediate Fluid Vaporizer with Rankine Cycle

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STV

GW Pump

Glycol Water Circulation

Water Collection

Air Heater

LNG

RLNG

Water Pump

Water to different users

Glycol-Water Intermediate Fluid Vaporizer

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Selection of Vaporizers For Dahej LNG Terminal

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General Weather Conditions at Dahej

• Generally warm & Humid Atmosphere– Average Maximum Temperature 37 deg C– Minimum Temperature 13 deg C– Average Temperature 25 to 30 deg C– Humidity 60 to 90 % (avg. 70%)

• Sea Water – High Turbidity – High Copper – High Iron ion concentration

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SELECTION OF REGASIFICATION SCHEME AT DAHEJ

• Open Rack Vaporizers (ORVs) Not Feasible.

• Submerged Combustion Vaporizers (SCVs) not desirable.

• Advantage of using high ambient temperature.

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Metering

SHIPLNG TANK

LPPUMP

HPPUMP

RECONDENSOR

GTG

STV

STV

GW PUMP

WATER PUMP

AIR HEATER

BOG COMP.

UNLOADING/ VAPOR RETURN ARMS

SCVFUEL GAS

FOR BACKUP

BLOWER

LNG TERMINAL DAHEJ

HW / GW EXCHANGER

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AIR HEATERS & STVs –AT DAHEJ

7 STVs / Air Heaters with 112 fans-16.4 MW each

Use of SCVs only if ambient heat is in-sufficient (extreme winter months)

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Design Issues

• Recirculation of Cold air• Generation of Fog • Removal of condensed water

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AIR HEATER COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS MODEL - ORIGINAL CONCEPT

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AIR HEATER COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS MODEL RESULTS - ORIGINAL CONCEPT

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AIR HEATER COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS MODEL - REVISED CONCEPT

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AIR HEATER COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS MODEL RESULTS - REVISED CONCEPT

Ambient Temp 21 deg C

Zero Wind

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CONCLUSIONS

• USE of STVs & Air Heaters offer most economical & Eco friendly regasification scheme for warm & Humid places

• Cold Air Re-circulation cannot be avoided but effect can be minimized by Computational Analysis Modeling

• Fogging can be considerably reduced by selecting a layout based on the above analysis

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