lmd dec 2013

LivestockDigest

Livestock“The greatest homage we

can pay to truth is to use it.”– JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL

NEWSPAPERPR

IORITY HANDLING

by LEE PITTS

MARKET

DigestRiding Herd

by Lee Pitts

Well, another year ofattrition in the cattleindustry has gone byand the top story for

the year was the devastatingblizzard in western South Dako-ta. It diminished us as an indus-try and its repercussions will befelt for a generation by decent,hardworking South Dakotaranchers. Our hearts go out tothem.In my opinion, the second

most important story of the yearwas the Zilmax® debacle. SinceI believe you should never let afiasco go to waste I’ve come upwith ten lessons the Zilmax®misadventure should havetaught us.#10 – Captive supplies are

weapons of math destruction.I’ve been writing about cap-

tive supplies and their negativeimpact on the cattle industry for30 years and critics alwayscounter that I had no statisticsor mathematical proof that cap-tive supplies are bad for busi-ness. I never dreamed that amultinational drug companywould be the one to provideclear evidence that captive sup-plies lower the price we allreceive for cattle. You wantproof? I’ll give you proof.Beta agonists have been

around for a decade; Optaflexx®from Elanco won approval from

me that, “A feeder called thepacker and scheduled a kill datefor the cattle 20 days after theystarted feeding the cattle Zil-max®. Then the cattle feedertook what the packer would givethat day. There’s no way theycould bargain.”Mike Callicrate told the Wall

Street Journal that, “Now, youonly have so many days after ananimal has been fed a beta ago-nist before it's got to go toslaughter or it becomes so lame

it can’t move.” As a result theybecame captive cattle.Timmerman estimates the

price of cattle went up five centsafter the last Zilmax cattle werekilled because the cattle nolonger had an expiration date.He attributes half of thatincrease to the packers no longerbeing able to dictate the price.They no longer had the cattlefeeders over a barrel because thefeeders could pass on the priceand hold out for a higher one.# 9 – Ranchers have no idea

what happens to their cattle afterthey leave the ranch.After we came out with our

beta agonist story in February Iwas shocked how few ranchershad any idea such products exist-ed. One rancher I spoke with hasfed tens of thousands of cattleover the last 40 years and he hadnever heard of them, yet theywere being fed to his cattle atthat very moment without hisknowledge. It was the same with

the FDA in 2003 and Merck’smore potent Zilmax® followedthree years later. It’s estimatedthat prior to the withdrawal ofZilmax® that 70 percent of thecattle in U.S. feedlots were treat-ed with a beta agonists. Sincethe makers recommended thatthey only be used during the last20 days prior to slaughter thecattle became like ripe bananas.When they had to go . . . theyhad to go. Gerald Timmerman, avocal critic of beta agonists, told

Will We Ever Learn?The easiest way to find

something lost is to buy a

replacement.

continued on page six

www.LeePittsbooks.com

ObamaCowDateline: A presidential

press conference from theleft wing of the WhiteHouse.

President Obama: I amproud today to be joined byan unwed Holstein cow andan unemployed beef cow toannounce the rollout of theAffordable Cow Act. Afterthe Supreme Court ruledthat the government canforce people to buy thingsthey don’t want, and afterObamaCare was such aresounding success, I wasshocked to find that thereare thirty million beef cowsand their children in thiscountry who have no healthinsurance whatsoever! Sotoday I take great pride inrolling out ObamaCow.

Reporter from Cattle Today:Have you exempted anyrancher from having to buyhealth insurance for his orher cows?

Obama: Any Congress-man who owns cattle will beexempt.

Progressive Cattleman: Letme get this right. So the peo-ple who voted for Obama-Cow excluded themselvesfrom it?

Obama: That’s right. Also,ranchers who own over 300cows will be exempt for oneyear to give them time tocome up with a permanentloophole. Ranchers with few-er than 20 part-time or opencows will also be exemptfrom the employer mandate.

Livestock Weekly: Butwon’t that cause a glut ofcows on the market fromsmall operators selling off afew cows to get under the 20head requirement?

Obama: That’s ridiculous.I might add that Mexicansteers coming across the bor-der will continue to get theirhealth care for free. That willnot change. I promise.

New Mexico Stockman:What if ranchers refuse tobuy insurance for their cows?

Obama: They must pay$95 per uninsured cow orrisk being audited by theIRS.

Western Livestock Reporter:Will ranchers be able to keeptheir own vets?

Obama: Of course (wink,wink), although based on ourexperience with Oba-maCare, many veterinariansmay choose to leave their

continued on page two

Part 1

BY HEATHER SMITH THOMAS

It’s happening in Klamath County in Oregonand now its showdown time in western Mon-tana. The Montana water rights controversycenters on the Flathead Indian Reservation,

and the present conflict revolves around theproposed Federal Reserved Water Rights Com-pact between the state of Montana, the federalgovernment and the Confederated Salish andKootenai Tribes (CSKT), and whether theCompact (a forever document) is fair to all par-ties or even legal.Many people in Western Montana are still

not aware of the potential negative impact ontheir way of life, should this plan come tofruition. Negotiations between the three partieshave been underway for several decades, howev-er. The current version of the Compact wascompleted in February 2013, with a big push toget it passed by the Montana legislature. TheCompact proposed that federal dollars, alongwith $55 million of Montana’s money be givento the tribes to settle this water issue, in addi-tion to the state giving up water rights for mostif not all of the water in western Montana—giv-ing it to the federal government in trust for thetribes. The bill was defeated at that point partlybecause two groups of concerned citizens

Federal Takeover of State Water Rights?became aware of what was happening andworked hard to fight it.The Flathead Reservation is somewhat

unique in that it was opened by the federal gov-ernment to settlement in 1904 and there is agreat deal of private land located within itsboundaries; nearly 80% of the reservation’s pop-ulation is non-Indian. Of the 28,000 people liv-ing there, 23,000 of them are not Indians.Yet the proposed Compact would give all

water running through and under the reservationto the tribes. It would also give all of the water inFlathead Lake, and all of the water in the Flat-head Irrigation Project to the federal govern-ment and adversely affect irrigators throughout11 counties in western Montana in the ClarkFork and Kootenai River Basins. It would ulti-mately affect about 360,000 people.CONCERNED CITIZENS - Terry Backs

lives on private land within the exterior bound-aries of the Flathead Reservation. “I becameinvolved in early 2012 when I saw a newspaperarticle that indicated the tribe was getting closeto finalizing negotiations for their reserved waterrights and they were holding firm concerningtheir ownership of all the water in their aborigi-nal territory. Until then, I had absolutely no ideawhat was going on. So I started researching the

continued on page four

DECEMBER 15, 2013 • www. aaalivestock . com Volume 55 • No. 12

purebred producers who havegone to great expense to sellbulls that will improve the quali-ty of the meat, only to have cat-tle feeders feed the progeny ofthose bulls an additive that dras-tically reduces meat quality,made some cattle crazy,increased their chances of respi-ratory distress, and damagedtheir joints.Ranchers, both purebred and

commercial, have made greatstrides in producing a better andtastier product with commercialcattlemen spending upwards often thousand dollars for rangebulls to make their cattle gradeand marble better, only to havethe cattle feeders destroy muchof that improvement with betaagonists.#8 – Professors are on the

payroll.It’s no secret that colleges are

having to find alternative sourcesof cash, other than tuition feesthat have skyrocketed and dwin-dling funds from state and feder-al sources. More and more theyare turning to big corporationsfor the money. That’s why,according to Food and WaterWatch, on the University ofMinnesota there is the CargillPlant Genomics Building, at theUniversity of Missouri there is aMonsanto Auditorium, IowaState students hang out at theMonsanto Student ServicesWing and at Purdue there is theKroger Sensory Evaluation Lab.According to eminent scholar

and professor Robert Taylor,“You can look at any of the uni-versities with large Animal Sci-ence or Ag programs and they'repretty much owned by big Ag.”Public universities have turnedinto corporate puppets, accord-ing to Melody Petersen whowrote in the Chronicle of HigherEducation, “Scores of animal sci-entists employed by public uni-versities have helped pharmaceu-tical companies persuadefarmers and ranchers to useantibiotics, hormones, and drugslike Zilmax® to make their cattlegrow bigger ever faster. It’s beena profitable venture for the drugcompanies, as well as for the pro-fessors and their universities.Agriculture schools increasinglydepend on the industry forresearch grants, a sizable portionof which cover overhead andadministrative costs. And manyprofessors now add to their per-sonal bank accounts by workingfor the companies as consultantsand speakers. More than two-thirds of animal scientists report-ed in a 2005 survey that they hadreceived money from industry inthe previous five years,” wrotePetersen.“Yet unlike a growing number

of medical schools, whereadministrators have recentlytightened rules to better policetheir faculty’s ties to pharmaceu-tical companies, the schools ofagriculture have largely rejectedcritics’ concerns about industry,”said Peteresen. “Few animal sci-entists have been interested inlooking at what harm the live-

stock drugs may be causing tothe cattle, the environment, orthe people eating the meat.They’ve left most of that work toscientists outside of agriculture,consumer groups, and otherswho take interest. But with theintroduction of Zilmax®, the sit-uation may have reached a tip-ping point. Critics say some aca-demic animal scientists havebecome so closely tied to thedrug companies that they maybe working more in the compa-nies' interests than in those offarmers and ranchers—the verygroups that land-grant universi-ties were created to serve.”#7 – Temple Grandin is the

conscience of the American cat-tle industry.There are exceptions to every

rule and Temple Grandin is anexceptional exception. In thewords of Gerald Timmerman,the well known professor of ani-mal science at Colorado StateUniversity is, “One gal who can’tbe bought. At any price.”After Merck took Zilmax® off

the market they announced theywere developing a Merck AnimalHealth Advisory Board. Therewere rumors that Merck wouldtry to convince Temple Grandinto sit on this board. Anyone whoknows Temple knew right awaythere was zero chance of thathappening as she has always saidwhat she thinks without any out-side influence or big bucks fromdrug companies. She is the mostrespected expert on animal wel-fare in our industry and we areblessed to have her on our side.Instead of sitting on Merck’sadvisory board she said, “Heatstress reduces weight gain and ismore likely to occur in cattle fedbeta agonists such as Zilmax® orOptaflexx®.” After a tour ofthree three slaughterhouses on ahot day she found as many asone third the cattle were lameand publicly blamed the betaagonists.Don’t be surprised if Merck

reformulates and renames Zil-max® and gets back in the betaagonist game. There’s just toomuch money to be made. Wewould be shocked, however, tosee testimonials for the newproduct from Temple.#6 – If something is too good

to be true, it is.Zilmax® at $8,428.50 for a 22

pound bag was said to increasecarcass weights by 24 to 33pounds and dressing percentageby 1.4 percent. Further, Zilmax®doubled the percentage of YieldGrade 1 cattle, cut in half thenumber of Yield Grade 4 and 5cattle and increased rib eyes by1.25 square inches. So what’s notto like, you ask?As we said, ranchers have

gone to great lengths to improvethe marbling in their cattle.That’s the primary push behindthe Angus breed’s dominationthe last few years and the reasonfor the improved quality of beefin grocery stores and restaurants.Then along came beta agonistswhich reduce marbling and grad-

Livestock Market Digest December 15, 2013

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Will We Ever Learn? continued from page one

continued on page three

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ing percentages and thereforereduced the number one sellingpoint of beef: taste, which comesfrom marbling. In September,when the cattle industry had notyet been weaned off Zilmax®,cattle were grading 3.23% Primeand 60.55% Choice. By the weekended November 1, they graded4.50% Prime and 64.22%Choice.In the year 2012, 64 percent

of all cattle processed gradedchoice. As I write this it’s 68.5percent right before Thanksgiv-ing. What happened to makesuch a difference? Zilmax® waspulled off the market in Septem-ber.#5 – The NCBA is bought

and paid for.Okay, so this isn’t a news

flash. Over 80 percent of theNCBA’s income each yearcomes from the checkoff andthey always profess to the ranch-ers how they are spending themoney to promote safe, healthyand nutritious beef that is pro-duced sustainably. And yet theysat on the sidelines and wouldn’tdo anything, or say anything crit-ical about Zilmax® that is theexact opposite of everything theNCBA is supposed to stand for.Like Mike Callicrate says, “Whyhas the NCBA and the BeefCheckoff ignored the drasticquality decline in commoditybeef?”It’s really very simple. It’s

what we warned would happenwhen we opposed the mergerand the selling of NCBA Boardseats. If you go to next year’sNCBA convention, where theythink up ways to spend yourcheckoff dollars, look at who arethe major sponsors of events andprograms and you’ll see it’s allthe major drug companies. TheNCBA acts like they don’t wantto bite the hand that feeds them,not even realizing they are get-ting the bulk of their moneyfrom ranchers, not drug compa-nies.A note to future NCBA offi-

cers: Leadership is not standingup and reading a speech writtenfor you by the staff back atNCBA headquarters, or issuinga press release that reads like abig sponsor wrote it.#4 – You get what you pay

for.Don’t believe everything you

read these days. I know, that’ssome advice coming from awriter. But talk about beingbought and paid for! I would beremiss if I didn’t criticize thelivestock press, specifically thebig national magazines with lotsof color advertising that come inthe mail for free. Their dirty littlesecret is that the tail is waggingthe dog, the tail being expensive,full color advertising from phar-maceutical companies. In an erawhere print media is like a sicksheep trying hard to die, andmargins are slim to nonexistent,editors must not only checkspelling and grammar but theymust also not print anything thatmight slightly irritate the bigdrug companies who buy lots offancy and expensive ads that

Will We Ever Learn? continued from page two

keep them in business.Many editors are afraid of

lawsuits and calls to their bossfrom big advertisers so they erron the side of caution. That’swhy none of them printed theletter that was sent to them byGerald Timmerman and HarveyDietrich that you read in theDigest last month. They put prof-it and their promotion ahead ofthe old rule in our business thatthe advertising and editorialdepartments should be separateentities.#3 – Heroes still walk

amongst us.Gerald Timmerman hates

how beta agonists make cattlewild and lame. Besides being amajor cattle feeder, Gerald isinvolved in every phase of thebeef business as a meat packer,feeder and rancher. He stated

very publicly that customer com-plaints about meat quality wentup as the use of Zilmax® did.Gerald and another giant of ourindustry, Harvey Dietrich,became very active in trying torid our business of them. Geraldwas quoted in the Wall StreetJournal saying. “These days, youcan drive through a feed yardand spot every one of the cattlethat's on it. They look like mus-cle-bound athletes. I felt it wasnot the right thing to do.”Dr. Ray Rodriguez was anoth-

er longtime friend who educatedme about beta agonists, andwe’ve already mentioned the ever-honest Temple Grandin. (To thislist of heroes I would add thepublisher of this newspaper.) Atgreat risk to themselves, and theirbusinesses, each did the rightthing in exposing beta agonists

for the harmful feed additivesthey are. Without these folks I’mquite confident Merck would stillbe selling Zilmax®. This is proofonce again that a handful of peo-ple can make a difference in thisworld by simply doing the rightthing.#2 – There’s work still to be

done.Those of us opposed to Zil-

max® can’t relax now becausethere is a ticking time bomb outthere. The juniors.Don’t get me wrong, I’m a

product of the FFA and theshowring. I wouldn’t have had themoney for college without it and Ilearned so much from raisingshow cattle. Showing animalsremains one of the best programsin the country to teach youngpeople responsibility and aboutthe humane treatment of animals.

It’s good for kids and their fami-lies. Having said that, with$10,000 feeder calves, and$50,000 Grand Champions thereare bound to be a few cheaters.All it takes is one to misuse thebeta agonists that are still on themarket and the showring will betarnished forever. A steer jockmight think, “If a little is good, alot is better.” And then the beefbusiness will have a very seriousproblem on their hands.Maybe even a death, heaven

forbid.#1– It’s time to settle this.Harvey Dietrich, boiled all this

down for me in one very simplesentence: “Do we really want toproduce beef that comes fromchemical cattle?”The time has come, cowboys,

to make up your mind, once andfor all.

While rangeland conditionsimproved in the latter part of thegrowing season, southern plainscattle producers still have a lot to

evaluate as thoughts of rebuilding herdinventories continue.Cattle industry experts will address

global industry issues, timely nutrition andhealth management strategies, and theeconomics and risk associated withrestocking ranches during the SouthwestBeef Symposium.The annual symposium and tradeshow

will be Thursday and Friday, January 9 and10, 2014 at the Clayton Civic Center, 124North Front St., Clayton, N.M.As is customary with the symposium

format, the opening afternoon session willaddress big-picture emerging issues in theglobal beef industry.

Leann Saunders, co-founder and presi-dent of Where Food Comes From, Inc.and chair-elect of the U.S. Meat ExportFederation, will open the symposium at 1p.m. Thursday with a discussion on the“Effects of Global Meat Exports on U.S.Beef Producers.”Additional afternoon outlook sessions

will address the changes in agriculturelending policies, emerging beef sustainabil-ity issues by major beef purveyors and ashort and long-term weather outlook.On Friday, Cooperative Extension Serv-

ice specialists and university faculty fromTexas A&M AgriLife, Kansas State Uni-versity and New Mexico State Universitywill provide strategies and considerationson rebuilding regional beef herds specifi-cally focused on the economics of re-stock-ing, defining current pasture lease rates

and effectively selecting and managing thenutrition and health programs for stockercalves and cows.The symposium will wrap up with a pan-

el discussion by regional ranch managerson their individual perspectives of rebuild-ing regional cattle inventories.Individual registration is $70, which

includes a steak dinner on Thursday, lunchon Friday, refreshments and symposiumproceedings. Online registration and pay-ment will be available Dec. 2. Registrationdeadline is Jan. 3.The schedule of events, lodging infor-

mation and presenter information is avail-able at http://swbs.nmsu.eduFor more information contact Manny

Encinias at 505/927-7935 or Bruce Car-penter at 432/336-9632.

NMSU, Texas A&M to host Southwest BeefSymposium in Clayton

The living legends of theAmerican Cowboy reflectthe American Dream ofspirit, fortitude, and dedi-

cation to principles as their des-tiny created the story of theAmerican West. It all began inthe desert region of South Africa(now Chad), ten thousand yearsago before the Sahara Desertwas created by worldwide glacialclimate change. Early hunter-gatherers domesticated theAuroch ox, the first bovinespecies of cattle that served toadvance agriculture and survival.Early “cattle ranching” was

initiated when hunter/gatherersmigrated with their herds up theTigris-Euphrates Rivers thenexpanded into India, Europe andUnited States when Ponce deLeon brought Andalusian cattleinto Florida from Spain. “West-ern Expansionism” gave birth tothe cattle industry in the Ameri-can West. These true stories of early pio-

neer cattle ranchers instill theAmerican spirit into the 21stCentury. As legendary cowboyauthor, J.P.S. Brown (Nogales,

Arizona), says, “Real cowboysare not always who you thinkthey are whether or not theywear boots and cowboy hats; it istheir Spirit that lives.”Renee Strickland (Myakka

City, Florida), tells her challeng-ing 21st Century effort to initiate

the global cattle industry as agateway into Africa and the Mid-dle East. Jimmie Hargrove (LakePlacid) describes his family’s sur-vival strategy establishing aranch in Wild Florida when hewas just a child.The tragic story of border her-

itage rancher, Rob Krentz (mur-dered by a suspected illegal) istold by his dedicated wife, Sue,(Douglas, Arizona) with otherborder ranchers describing theireveryday battles with the Mexi-can Cartel: John Ladd (Bisbee,Arizona), Ed Ashurst (Apache,Arizona). Interview with ScottGeorge, Pres. National BeefCattleman responding to ranch-ers on border issues; SheriffLanier Hardee County on carteldrug bust in Lake Placid, Flori-da; McCain statement; Sen.Rubio and Flake (AZ) refusingto answer border rancher ques-tions AND statement from Tex.Ag. Commission on border secu-rity not being met.True stories in this book

reflect different lives, differentplaces and times, but reveal acommon unity of purpose: Sur-

vival. Born in Tombstone, AZ,Caren Cowan, Executive Direc-tor, New Mexico Cattle Grow-ers’ Association (Albuquerque,New Mexico) describes her her-itage; Don Reay, ExecutiveDirector, Texas Border Sheriff’sCoalition (El Paso, Texas) shareshis experiences in BorderPatrol/Customs. In Florida,there are the stories of JamesPrescott (Lake Placid), JoelTyson (Fellsmere, Florida), andthe ancient history of the BelleGlades Indians preserved at theBlueberry Archaeological Site(Lake Placid, Florida).In a world wrought with polit-

ical strife, man waging waragainst man, global power strug-gles, new technology and climatechange, the cowboy Spirit andHeritage gives hope for humani-ty as joy, suffering, grief, emo-tional, spiritual challenges arriveupon our doorstep through thesetrue stories. Hopefully, their liveswill inspire future generations torecognize that the global frontierand beyond it is yet to be ful-filled and will challenge thosewho dare to carve it.

Compact. The more I lookedinto it, the more troubled Ibecame by the details of it,” shesays.The Tribes had been pushing

for this particular Compact formore than a decade but onlywithin the last year did the pub-lic become aware of it. The pub-lic review and comment docu-ment for this Compact was notpresented to the public untilOctober 2012—just a couplemonths ahead of the Montanalegislature session.Two grassroots groups quickly

organized to address the issueswith the compact: ConcernedCitizens of Western Montana,taking an informational and leg-islative approach, and the West-ern Montana Water Users Asso-ciation LLC, representingreservation irrigators and using alegal strategy.“We quickly discovered that

the proposed CSKT Compactwas not at all like the otherCompacts that had been donefor the state of Montana” saysTerry. Very early in our efforts,we were able to get in touch withDr. Kate Vandemoer, a hydrolo-gist and water manager withmore than 26 years experienceworking with and for Tribes onthe quantification, management,and development of federalreserved water rights on Indianreservations.“When I first heard about this

Compact, I could not believewhat I was hearing or reading,”says Dr. Kate. “I was concernedthat the Compact was running

afoul of the federal reservedwater rights doctrine, also knownas the Winters Doctrine. I cer-tainly believe that tribes havefederal reserved water rights andI have worked on them for manyyears. But I also know thatTribes don’t get to have every-thing. The more I looked intothis, the more concerned Ibecame. I saw it as my responsi-bility to help sort it out. Now Isee that my background andexperience has allowed me to getto this point and offer some per-spective on this, and point outthe problems with the wholeplan,” Dr. Kate said.She arrived in Montana in

November 2012 and helped thenewly formed Concerned Citi-zens group analyze the Com-pact. The group worked with thelegislature and was able to killthe Compact bill that was pre-sented in April 2013. That billwas resurrected, however, by theCompact Commission—andthey are still hoping to get itpushed through.“We had no idea how big a

project this would be. My firstreaction, at many of the meet-ings that the Compact Commis-sion held (to tell people aboutthe Compact), was astonishmentat the administration programthey are trying to foist on people,their claims about the off-reser-vation water rights, and so on. Afederal reserved water rightapplies only to the land that is soreserved,” says Dr. Kate.“There are a few parallels to

the Klamath situation, but the

Treaty of Hellgate (which creat-ed the Flathead Reservation)only allows the tribe here to takefish, in common with the citizensof the territory. That means thateveryone, including the tribes,has the right to take fish, butnone of us have a water rightassociated with that. The directline between taking fish and awater right is not there. It’s a bigleap, and illegal,” she explains.The Concerned Citizens

group developed a comparisonchart to show that this particularCompact was like no other.“The chart shows how this Com-pact compares to the other tribalcompacts for the state of Mon-tana,” says Terry. “It shows howover-reaching this Compact is.When you look at this, coupledwith the water rights that theyare claiming are held in thename of the federal governmentin trust for the tribe, it adds anew dimension to all of this,” shesays.“We have a Compact Com-

mission here in Montana thateffectively tried to relinquish allof the water in western Montanato the federal government, alongwith the management of thatwater. It takes on a whole differ-ent light when you realize thatit’s the federal government thatis pushing for this,” Terryexplains. It would change theability of farmers and ranchers touse water for agricultural purpos-es in a traditional manner; ittakes water law and adjudicationaway from the states and puts itall in the hands of the federal

government for other purposes.“This is also what I see in the

Klamath situation,” says Dr.Kate. It’s the federal governmentusing the tribes to accomplish itsown objective which is essentiallyto kick everybody off the land,move them to the city, and lockup the land. There would be noproductive use of the land, nocrops or livestock, no timber har-vest—no livelihoods generatedfrom the land, no use of naturalrenewable resources, and nocontribution to feeding, clothingor sheltering our expandinghuman population.“Here in Montana we’ve seen

the decimation of the miningindustry, the timber industry,and all we have left is agricul-ture—and we believe that thisCompact will be the straw thatbreaks the back of the agricultur-al economy,” says Terry. “Wethink that this is intentional. Alot of the things in the Compactare anti-agriculture, and wouldbe very detrimental.” This is agreat tool for the people whowant to depopulate the openspaces in the West and get rid ofthe rural population. There areseveral extremist groups who areusing this as a way to furthertheir own agenda and they arehelping push it along.THE RESERVED WATER

RIGHTS COMPACT – Thisdocument’s sole purpose is sup-posedly to quantify the federalreserved water that is necessaryfor the needs of the FlatheadIndian Reservation—the landthat was originally reserved for

the tribes. “This Compact doesnot do this. Instead, it takes allthe water, and moves off thereservation to claim water, too,”says Terry.As a bit of background infor-

mation, the Montana ReservedWater Rights Compact Commis-sion was created in 1979 and giv-en the task of negotiating anequitable division and apportion-ment of water between the stateand its people and the federalreserved interests. The federalreserved water rights have beenidentified for the purposes ofnational parks, forests, militaryinstallations and wildliferefuges—and also the waterrights held in trust for Indiantribes for the purposes for whichthe Indian reservations were setaside. After 34 years, the Com-pact Commission had negotiated17 compacts for various federalland management agencies with-in the state, and for 6 of the 7Indian reservations in Montana.The only one remaining is theFlathead Reservation and thereserved water rights for theConfederated Salish-KootenaiTribes (CSKT), and this one isfraught with conflict.This particular Compact has

been in the making for about 30years. During that time thesetribes files a series of lawsuitsaiming to force the state off theReservation and they were suc-cessful. When the tribes’ casewas taken to the MontanaSupreme Court in 1996, thatcourt said that until the tribes’water right was quantified, the


State Water Rights continued from page one

Deadly Risk: American Cattle Ranching on the MexicanBorder and other True Cattle Ranching Stories

B O O K R E V I E W


State Water Rights continued from page four

state cannot issue water use per-mits on the reservation and muststop the adjudication process.Since 1996, the state has notbeen able to issue water permits.Any permit requests for wells, forinstance, have been on hold.“The Compact bill is a 1400

page document,” says Terry.“This includes the Compactitself, an irrigator water useagreement, a water administra-tion plan called the UnitaryManagement Ordinance, andabout 1,000 pages of waterabstracts that lay claim to mostof the water in western Mon-tana. During Thanksgiving andChristmas last year the CompactCommission held a series ofpublic meetings to ‘sell’ thisCompact to the public. Then thelegislative session started in Jan-uary 2013. We were successful ingetting legislators to take a lookand realize there was somethingdifferent about this Compactand that they couldn’t just goahead and vote this one throughlike they had the other Com-pacts. They did not allow it to gothrough the legislature in thislast session,” she explains. Manypeople feel that the flaws in thedocument need to be changedbefore it is passed into law.Though it failed to pass, the

Compact Commission and theGovernor have been workinghard to continue to push it for-ward, as is, and the Tribes aretelling people that it has to bethis Compact. “We are con-cerned that the Governor maycall a special session of the legis-lature to try to push it through,”says Terry.

Largely as a result of the citi-zens’ group and their education-al work with the legislature, therehas now been more scrutiny ofthe Compact. “We developed acritical review of the Compact,”says Dr. Kate. “Our reviewpoints out major issues of con-cern. The legislators we’ve beenworking with came to us andasked us to draft an alternativeor corrected Compact—toaddress the flaws. If the Com-pact Commission was actuallyrepresenting state interests, andif they were following the law offederally reserved water rightsand how they are determined,our corrected version is what aCompact should look like,” sheexplains. “We identified a federalreserved water right for theCSKT based on the purposes ofthe reservation, current uses, andfuture development.”The citizen’s group’s chart

compares the various MontanaIndian Reservations and theirreserved water rights compacts.“We went through the 1,000pages of water rights abstracts totry to determine how muchwater was in this Compactbecause the Compact Commis-sion had not told us how much isbeing claimed. They publicly saidthey disagree with the numberswe pulled together for that analy-sis, but they refuse to providetheir own quantification num-bers,” she says. One of the rea-sons for this failure to identifyfor the legislature how muchwater is claimed in the Compactis that it might be too muchwater.“In doing our research we dis-

covered some minutes from aClark Fork River Basin TaskForce where the attorney for theCompact Commission said that‘if they were to quantify theamount of water that the tribegets for their reserved waterright, it would exceed the avail-able supply of water’”, says Terry.“This is totally unacceptable

and incorrect,” says Dr. Kate. “Afederal reserved water rightamount is based on the purposeof the reservation and theamount of water to fulfill thosepurposes. You can’t reserve morewater than actually exists,” shesays. FEDERAL RESERVED

WATER RIGHTS. When thefederal government takes a pieceof land out of the public domain,it automatically reserves anamount of water necessary tofulfill the purpose of the land soreserved. The amount of water ina federal reserved water right isbased on the purpose of thereservation and the amount ofwater necessary to fulfill thatpurpose. Importantly, a federalreserved water right applies onlyto reservation land; a federalreserved water right does notexist outside of the reservation.THE STEVENS TREATY -

Like many Tribes in the PacificNorthwest, the CSKT signed atreaty with Governor IsaacStevens in 1855. This one wasthe Treaty of Hellgate, which setaside the Flathead Indian Reser-vation, known as a “StevensTreaty” reservation. While theTribes ceded their aboriginal ter-ritory to the United States inexchange for payment and the

The Arizona NationalLivestock Show will berecognized at the Inter-national Association

Fairs & Expositions Conven-tion in December in the Agri-culture and CommunicationsAward Programs.Arizona National placed

second in Division 1 for PrintMaterial in the AgriculturalAwards Program. The Ari-zona National LivestockShow Program provides edu-cational information aboutthe livestock judging processand historical information. Inthe Communications AwardProgram Arizona Nationalplaced third in Division 1 forthe television ad from thispast year which was producedby Merestone ProductionCompany in Scottsdale, Ari-

zona.“We are honored to be rec-

ognized for our accomplish-ments and have the opportu-nity to compete amongthousands of fairs and exposi-tions across the country,”Rochell Planty, Director ofPublic Relations shared.The Arizona National

Livestock Show, Inc. is a non-profit organization dedicatedto supporting youth and pro-moting livestock and agricul-ture to the public while pre-serving our western heritage.The 66th annual ArizonaNational Livestock Show willbe held December 28-30,2013 at the Arizona StateFairgrounds. For more infor-mation call the ArizonaNational office at: 602/258-8568, or visit www.anls.org.

Arizona National Receives Honorsfrom International AssociationFairs & Expositions

set-aside of the Flathead IndianReservation, the Treaty securedfor them “a right to take fish…incommon with the citizens of theterritory”. Plainly, this meansthat the Tribes and the citizensof Montana have an equal rightto “take fish”. Nowhere in theTreaty does this “right to takefish” mean “water right”; thedirect line from “taking fish” to a“water right” is elusive at best.Other Tribes in the PacificNorthwest with Stevens’ Treaty

language have interpreted the“right to take fish” as a right totake a portion of the harvesteach year and have legally pur-sued this right. The famousBoldt decision is one such case,and this decision was about har-vest of fish, not water rights.However, even if there is a“water right” associated with a“right to take fish”, it is not a fed-eral reserved water right becauseit is not within the reservationboundaries.


practice to become horseshoersand sheep shearers, and any vetswho choose to stay in businesswill work only for cash and won’ttake any new cow patients thatare over six years old.

Fence Post:ObamaCow coverscows but what about their off-spring?

Obama: Calves will be able tostay on their mothers policy untilthey are 26.

Tri State Livestock News: Youdo know that cattle don’t live thatlong? Where do ranchers go tosign up their cows withoutå cov-erage?

Obama: Go to our web site,O b am aC o w . w o r s e t h a n acolonoscopy.com on which wespent 31 billion dollars and onehundred million man hours.

Wyoming Livestock Roundup:Mr. President, with all duerespect, I just tried to go on yourweb site and after asking somevery personal questions itcrashed.

Obama: That would beGeorge Bush’s fault.

Livestock Market Digest: In2009 you told ABC News that ifCongress didn’t pass Oba-maCare our government would

go bankrupt. Are you aware thatwe are 17 trillion dollars in debt?Aren’t we technically alreadybankrupt and won’t ObamaCowmake it worse?

Obama:Who let you in here? Ibet you are one of those Tea Par-ty crackpots. Someone call secu-rity!

Gulf Coast Cattleman: Whatwill ObamaCow cover and howmuch will it cost?

Obama: It will cover pinkeyeand lump jaw but not electivesurgeries such as a Caesareansection. For other procedures,such as castration or removingporcupine quills from the nose ofa cow, you’ll have to seekapproval from what we jokinglycall around here the “DeathSquad.” There will also be a slightbackup due to all the veterinari-ans leaving the field, so if youwant to preg check your cowstwo years from now I’d callCharley from Roto Rooter rightnow as he’s already booked upone year in advance. As for howmuch ObamaCow will cost, I’dlike to quote my proctologist whoonce said to me, “Easy now, thiswon’t hurt one bit.”

Riding Herd continued from page one

Livestock Market Digest’s

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The U. S. Department ofAgriculture (USDA) andthe Environmental Pro-tection Agency (EPA)

have announced an expandedpartnership to support waterquality trading and other mar-ket-based approaches that pro-vide benefits to the environ-ment and economy.“New water quality trading

markets hold incredible poten-tial to benefit rural America byproviding new income oppor-tunities and enhancing conser-vation of water and wildlifehabitat,” Agriculture SecretaryTom Vilsack said. “Additional-ly, these efforts will strengthenbusinesses across the nation byproviding a new pathway tocomply with regulatoryrequirements.”“EPA is committed to find-

ing collaborative solutions thatprotect and restore ournation’s waterways and thehealth of the communities thatdepend on them,” said EPAAdministrator GinaMcCarthy. “We’re excitedabout partnering with USDAto expand support for waterquality trading, which showsthat environmental improve-ments can mean a better bot-tom line for farmers andranchers.”Water quality trading pro-

vides a cost-effective approach

for regulated entities to com-ply with EPA Clean Water Actrequirements, including waterquality-based effluent limits inNational Pollutant DischargeElimination System permits.Trading would allow regulatedentities to purchase and usepollutant reduction creditsgenerated by other sources in awatershed. Cost savings andother economic incentives arekey motivators for partiesengaged in trading. Waterquality trading can also pro-vide additional environmentaland economic benefits, such asair quality improvements,enhanced wildlife habitat, car-bon capture and storage, andnew income and employmentopportunities for rural Ameri-ca.EPA and USDA are work-

ing together to implement andcoordinate policies and pro-grams that encourage waterquality trading. The Depart-ment and the Agency will iden-tify opportunities to work col-laboratively to help improvewater quality trading programsacross the country. Coopera-tive management and techni-cal assistance will improveresource management andpublic services, and accelerateimplementation.USDA and EPA will:

n Coordinate and enhance

communications and outreachto states, agricultural produc-ers, regulated sources, and in-terested third parties on waterquality trading;

n Engage expertise acrossagencies in the review ofgrants, loans or technical assis-tance programs focused onwater quality trading;

n Share information on thedevelopment of rules and guid-ance that have the potential toaffect water quality trading;

n Collaborate on developingtools and information re-sources for states and creditgenerators to guide decisionmaking, reduce costs in pro-gram design and implementa-tion, improve environmentalperformance, and foster con-sistency and integrity acrossregional initiatives;

n Co-host a workshop by 2015to share tools and resourcesavailable to assist in stakeholderdecision making and opportuni-ties.The purpose of this policy is

to support states, interstateagencies and tribes as they devel-op and implement water qualitytrading programs for nutrients,sediments and other pollutantswhere opportunities exist toachieve water quality improve-ments at reduced costs.

USDA, EPA Partnership SupportsWater Quality Trading To Benefit Environment, Economy

Onward came the cowboy, came from afarCuriously following the glow of a starArrived at the livery, a place for his horse

Few extra oats on a chilly night of courseTold the stable man, hey, thanks for the lightLit the desert nicely – such a dark nightThe man just grinned and said with a nodSir, it ‘twas not me – I believe it was God!There ‘tween a burro and sheep freshly shornCooed a little baby, not long ago bornParents huddled, three men gathered roundGazed lovingly, at a babe on the groundWell Cowboy was curious as men usually are& Knew right there, the purpose of the starNo doubt in his mind, that he was on hand,To witness a miracle, the world’s only perfect manWell the Babe stared at him, right into his soulKnew all about him, but how did he know?Had piercing blue eyes that seemed to speakCowboy got a message & his knees grew weakThen a horse rip-snorted, he sat right up in bedGuess he’d been dreamin’, twas all in his headJumped up with a start, realizing the dreamIt seemed so real, these things that he’d seenA voice came to him from somewhere withinSaid Cowboy – past is gone, you’re forgivenTrust your instincts inside – I put ‘em there,Remember I’m with you, here and everywhereTend your horses, cattle and your fellow man

For to do right by me, treat ‘em best as you canRemember now, to be kind to childrenAnd care for your soul – you must make amendsHe pondered a while this message receivedShore enough a miracle, is what he believedIt rattled round in his head loud and clearHelp your fellow man – both far and nearCowboy resolved to do better, best he couldThe world surely needs, a bit more goodWhy then he felt warm and fuzzy all overLike a wild horse herd, running through cloverHe sat there a-rubbin’ grog from his eyesLooks to the window – saw another surprisePerched on the sill – a snow-white DoveKnows it has to be, a sign from aboveCowboy smiled, thought man what a nightDove then nodded and took off in flightTwas no use a-trying to sleep after thatGot up, got dressed – stuffed on his hatAnd he passed the calendar – on the wallDecember 25th – well don’t that beat all?Now out in the barn, it’s time to throw feedBut the horse is sweaty, what’s wrong with the steedWhy he’s been ridden – evidence clear showedLooks in the bin and & oats have been throwedA cold winter chill went straight down the spineI knew then I’d encountered – something Divine!

by Jim OlsonCowboy Night Before Christmas


ISSUES AND COMMENTARY FROM

HENTGES/KAHN/STRAUSS, LLC

AND THE LEMPERT REPORT

Farmers in California arestruggling with the impact ofwater costs on their land.The only farmers not affect-

ed are north of Sacramento due tolong standing riparian rights withaccess to free water from thebiggest river in the state and thebiggest precipitation area. Whilebreaking down the cause of therise of the price of water is a com-plex task, it can be universallyagreed that water insecurity leadsto higher costs. “The societal, economic and

cultural question is how much dowe value farming?” asks DavePuglia, Western Growers Sr. VicePresident, Government Affairsand Communications, Arizona &California. “American farmingmeans access to fresh fruits andvegetables and protection of openspace. In order to reap these ben-efits, we need to ensure a reliablewater supply to all farmers. Weare not doing that right now. Weare headed the other way.” It maybe prudent to reflect on the think-ing of President John Kennedy inhis 1962 speech presiding over thegroundbreaking of the San LuisReservoir where he emphasizedthe importance of one area of astate sharing resources withanother area of the state.“Americans can work together .

. . because if this state does well,so does the country.”

Where DO the farmers inCalifornia get their water?*On the east side of the San

Joaquin Valley (Central ValleyProject) citrus, nuts and stonefruit are mostly produced. TheSan Joaquin River RestorationProgram allocated approximately200,000 acre feet** away fromthe east side’s supply for environ-mental purposes (“to restore andmaintain fish populations in ‘goodcondition’ in the main stem of theSan Joaquin River below FriantDam to the confluence of theMerced River, including naturallyreproducing and self-sustainingpopulations of salmon and otherfish”). Regardless of the merit ofthese environmental acts, the eastside (the Friant Division) suffer-ing from drought is in dire needfor water. In Salinas Valley, water issues

are looming due to saltwaterintrusion. The management ofexisting groundwater resources iscostly. The Paso Robles area isstressed because there are manywineries drawing water from theground and also the urban uses ofwater. In the desert, to reduce the

over-dependence on the ColoradoRiver, the Imperial Irrigation Dis-trict entered a Quantitative Settle-ment Agreement delivering300,000 acre feet a year of waterto San Diego. In exchange forpayment of the water, farmers fal-lowed acres of their land. Thequestion is how much fallowingcan the region handle and still

produce a majority of our nation’swinter vegetables?The west side of the valley

grows a lot of almonds and leafygreen veggies. Their irrigation dis-trict can receive water from watertransfer arrangements. Thosetransfers will cost a farmer a pre-mium. Also, for these farmers, aprimary source of “replacement”water in times of regulatorydrought (the Endangered SpeciesAct-driven cuts to their surfacewater supply) is increased pump-ing of groundwater. There areenvironmental implications withincreased pumping. (see environ-mental impact below.)The SJ River Exchange Con-

tractors hold some of the oldestwater rights in the state wherethey receive “substitute” waterfrom the Sacramento River via theDelta-Mendota canal and otherfacilities of the US. This is due tothe building of the dams, specifi-cally the Friant Dam. *Assistance by Western Grow-

ers** Acre foot is the amount of

water covering 1 acre to a depthof 1 foot or 326,000 gallons

Issues for Consumers to Understand Barry Bedwell, President of the

California Grape and Tree FruitLeague, points out that food safe-ty and national security issues aretwo major concerns behind theissue of the rising price of water.“It’s not just about local Californiapride,” says Bedwell. “As an exam-ple, when you look at table grapenumbers, California producedover 100 million boxes in 2012,and it is a wonderful success story.However, keep in mind that the#1 producer in the world at 991million boxes is China. China hasfiled for access to the US market.Access will take a number of yearsbecause of pests and diseases con-cerns that need to be addressed,but it’s in motion. The US con-sumer has to understand if wedon’t grow table grapes in CA, wewon’t get them from say Mexicoor Chile . . . we will get them fromChina. They have to ask them-selves how they feel about that?”Urban use can be the biggest

challenge for water scarcity andcost for farmers. Families Protect-ing The Valley is one of the organ-izations getting a different mes-sage out, stating on their website,“California’s water policy is aboutmore than farmers. It’s about jobs,schools, families and our environ-ment.” The California FarmWater Coalition’s slogan is “Foodgrows where water flows.” Farm-ers have long term water supplyreliability concerns. In ten to 15years, will they be able to sustaintheir operation with unknown butcertainly higher water costs?Farmers are truly trying to be sus-tainable and are very sensitive towater use.

Changing Farmers,Changing Retailers Bedwell explains, “Consumers

should also realize that what ishappening in the grocery retail

sector is also what is happeningwith farms. Over the last three orfour decades, there has been theconsolidation of grocery storesand retail outlets. In turn, familyfarms had to get bigger to bemore efficient to meet retailerrequirements. Forty years agothere were 1200 estimated tablegrape growers and 20 million box-es of California grapes a year.Now there are 100 million boxesof grapes, but only 471 growers.”The California Grape and TreeFruit League’s 2013 Top TenIssues lists water supply issues as#4 after labor costs and laws andimmigration reform.Where consumers may desire

California grown, big buyers havetheir eye on a long term reliablechain of product at a certain cost.“A large buyer of a certain freshproduce commodity is going tofocus on long term planning. Theymay look globally and at otherparts of the US as a possiblesource for that commodity. Cali-fornia brand has some value in themarketplace, California Grown,but at the end of the day a cus-tomer wants their product,” saysDave Puglia of Western Growers.

Running Westlands Water District The Westlands Water District

covers 600,000 acres on the westside of the San Joaquin Valley; theentire western half of Fresno anda portion of Kings county. It is thelargest irrigation district in thecountry in terms of crop produc-tion with 60 different kinds ofcrops. Westlands, the Metropoli-tan Water District of SouthernCalifornia, Kern County WaterAgency and the Santa Clara Val-ley Water District are all are part-ners in pursuing the Bay DeltaConservation Plan, and at risk,which binds them significantly.Jason Peltier, Chief Deputy

General Manager of WestlandsWater District, spoke frankly withThe Food Journal about the watershortage due to environmentalrestrictions for farmers, and cop-ing mechanisms. “Due to environ-mental restrictions (the Endan-gered Species Act) placed on theCentral Valley Project, we haveweathered water supply cutbacksof 40 then 60 then 90 percentover the last twenty years. Whileof course we want a healthyecosystem, the two decades ofproject restrictions seem to havedone no good for the fisheries.Our ongoing shortages and thefailures of the regulatory regimehave led us to pursue the BayDelta Conservation Plan. TheBDCP has two purposes; toincrease water supplies and relia-bility, and restore ecosystem val-ues in the Delta.”“Farmers are incredibly agile

and do a fantastic job of substitut-ing the food producing machine,”says Peltier. “We are the #1 agri-cultural state in the country with45 billion dollars of crop value atthe farm gate. While we are thelargest food producing state, weare also one of the most highlyurbanized states in the nation,

The Problem with the Price of Waterand we haven't reconciled thosetwo realities.”

The Impact on the EnvironmentWhere water cost increase

manifests – that is whenever regu-latory restrictions cut back thewater supply for farmers – theyoften turn up irrigation pumps.They pump more from aquifersand doing so can create a situa-tion called overdraft, which canhave serious consequences for thebasin. Subsidence (or sinking) can

happen when too much water isdrawn out of the ground. Therecan be the collapse of aquifers andcaverns under the ground. Theland above can also come down.There has been subsidence in theSan Joaquin Valley. If subsidencecontinues, one impact may be thedisruption of the California Aque-duct itself. If it is on a slight grade,the water is not going to flow.

Voters and WaterWater supply insecurity trans-

lates to higher costs for con-sumers. The question is, how

much higher costs? The decisionsinvolving the supply of water tofarmers will be made in part bythe voting consumers in urbanlocations such of LA, San Diegoand San Francisco. How muchdo these voters know about thewater complexities and costs tothe farmers in Fresno Countyalone? It is decisions voters makein this area that will increase ordecrease access to domestic andlocal food. The 2014 Water Bond was

brought forth by the Associationof California Water Agencies toaddress the state’s poorly inter-connected patchwork of large andsmall systems and recently, TheCalifornia Natural ResourcesAgency, the California EPA andthe California Department ofFood and Agriculture released adraft of The California WaterAction Plan addressing solutionsfor the reliability of water.There is and will continue to

be competition for water use.Food and fiber cannot be grownwithout water and decisions onallocation and price will impactsupplies.


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any ranchers viewlivestock as theirbase crop. Otherranchers view grass

as their foundational cropfrom which the cattle grow.While healthy cattle

depend on healthy forages,the entire process begins withthe soil, according to ChadEllis, Noble Foundation pas-ture and range consultant.“The management of soil

health is of vital importanceto producers as it is thedynamic resource,” Ellis said.“As managers, we often focuson managing the above-ground production in our pas-tures while paying little atten-tion to what happensbelowground. Sound grazingmanagement is the art of cap-turing sunlight and waterwhile recycling a portion ofthe aboveground parts of theplant through livestock.”Ellis outlined five princi-

ples for building soil health:Armor the soilBare ground is enemy No. 1.

It is damaging because itincreases soil temperatures

and even kills biological activ-ity. Once soil temperaturesreach 140 degrees, soil bacte-ria die. The soil must be cov-ered through forage and cropresidue.Minimize soil distur-

bancePhysical soil disturbance

such as plowing and overgraz-ing can result in bare groundand compacted soils that dis-rupt soil microbial activity.Incorporating reduced tillagemethods in cropping systemsand proper grazing manage-ment in pastures will keep soilcovered.Increase plant diversityIncreasing plant diversity

above ground allows for morediverse underground commu-nity. The more diverse themicrobial population in thesoil, the better the forage willrespond, due to increasedbiological activity.Keep living roots in the

ground all yearSoils are most productive

when soil microbes haveaccess to living plant material.A living root provides a food

source for beneficial bacteriaand promotes the relationshipbetween plant roots and myc-orrhizal fungi. This is aided byincreased plant diversity,which can be achieved byincorporating cover crops intoyour pasture and crop sys-tems.Integrate livestock graz-

ingGrasses evolved under

grazing pressure. Soil andplant health is improved bygrazing, which recycles nutri-ents, reduces plant selectivityand increases plant diversity.The most important factor ingrazing systems is to allowadequate rest for the plant torecover before being grazedagain.“Our land’s condition is

characterized by the function-ing of both the soil and plantcommunities,” Ellis said.“Following these principleswill allow the site production,health of the soil, and mineraland water cycles to greatlyimprove, resulting in anincrease of forage productionand animal production.”

Improving forage, livestock production begins with the soil

BY: JONATHAN KNUTSON,

HTTP://WWW.AGWEEK.COM

Neil Shook, manager of theChase Lake WetlandManagement District,Woodworth, South

Dakota, tells this story about agroup of bird-watchers whoonce toured it.“They saw cattle grazing.

They said, ‘Why do you havecows out here? Cows are bad.’ Isaid, ‘No, cows are good,’”Shook says.The birders weren’t con-

vinced. So Shook took them intoa section of the district that had-n’t been grazed since the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service tookover the land in the early 1960s.He and the birders looked close-ly and found lots of weeds, onlya few native flowers and a thickmat of old, dead grass that ham-pered the growth of new grass.Then Shook took the birders

into a section hat had beengrazed. Again, they lookedclosely at the ground.“We could see all these native

orbs, native flowers, the grassstarting to come back. It really

clicked with the birders,” hesays. Shook, in his fourth year asmanager of the district, has putinto practice something thatranchers in the Upper Midwesthave known for generations.This summer, for the first

time since the 1960s, sheepgrazed on some sections of thedistrict. It was the third straightsummer cattle grazed on sometracts there.“The prairie evolved with

grazing. It needs grazing,”Shook says. “It’s not just theactual grazing, the eating ofthose plants. It’s also the hoofaction on that soil. It’s also thenitrogen those animals leave. It’sthe whole gamut.”Before grazing, “Some of this

(grassland) was weedy junk. It’sso much better now,” he says.Shook, an Iowa native, had

spent most of his professionalcareer in eastern North Dakota,where cropland is common andgrassland is not.In contrast, Chase Lake, in

central North Dakota, “hasgrass. It has cows. I realized I

‘Weedy junkno longer’

continued on page nine

To place your Real Estate Guide listings, contact RANDY SUMMERS at 505/243-9515


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had to get cows on our stuff(wetland grass),” he says.Shook knew right away that

he needed to work with ranchersto achieve his goals for ChaseLake.“I’m a biologist. I’m not a

rancher. I don’t know squatabout livestock. But I knowprairie. I know what I want thisstuff to look like,” he says.Ranchers, in turn, “know

what their animals can and can’tdo,” he says.Shook is working with about

25 ranchers, known as coopera-tors, who have cattle grazing onthe wetland district.One of the cooperators is

Brent Kuss, a Woodworthfarmer and rancher with a stronginterest in soil health and alter-native grazing practices, both onhis own farm and at the wetlandmanagement district.“He’s very livestock-friendly,”

Kuss says of Shook. “He’s willingto work with us to help achievehis goals and to learn more

about how we do things.”Kuss says he and Shook meet

before the growing season todiscuss what parcels of grasslandmight be available, what Shookhopes to accomplish and howlivestock can help achieve thosegoals.Shook says he and his cooper-

ators “have a true partnership.”Kuss also grazes sheep at

Chase Lake, the only cooperatorto do so. Shook hopes to findmore sheep cooperators.Sheep and cattle eat different

plants, so a combination of thetwo types of livestock would begood, Shook says.

Fee scheduleCooperator grazing fees are

based on U.S. Department ofAgriculture rates for federalland. The rates involve AUMs,or the amount of forage requiredby an animal unit in a month.Different types of livestock —

a cow and a cow-calf pair, forinstance — have different

AUMs and are assessed differ-ent fees.Typically, private landowners

charge a per-acre fee for grazing.Chase Lake cooperators like theAUM approach, Shook says.The Chase Lake Wetland

Management District has differ-ent financial arrangements withits various cooperators for fenc-ing.Kuss, for instance, provides

his own electrical fence, whichhis animals are used to, andreceives a deduction for doingso.There are other scenarios as

well, including one in which thewetland management districtprovides the fencing materials,which remains property of theU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,for which Shook works.

Not a reason to expandKuss isn’t adding more sheep

and cattle to his operationbecause he’s grazing at the wet-land management district.

Drought could change thedistrict’s grazing needs, andKuss doesn’t want to take forgranted that pasture will beavailable there.“I’m not going to expand my

herd knowing that this (grazingat Chase Lake) may not be anoption,” he says. “I’m trying notto become dependent on it.”Grazing at Chase Lake, how-

ever, gives Kuss more flexibilityin managing his own pasture.“We bring cattle down here (toChase Lake) and we can bankgrass at home,” he says.Shook says he tells all his

cooperators the same thing.“Do not increase your herd

size because you graze here,” hesays.

Changing attitudesWildlife groups and ranchers

have a long history of disagree-ments. But that’s changing,Shook says.He squeezes his hands into

fists and pushes them together,

knuckle against knuckle. “For along time, it seems like thewildlife community and theagricultural communities havebeen like this,” he says.“If you’re 100 percent into

crop production, I can under-stand it. But if you’re 100 per-cent into livestock or if part ofyour operation is livestock, well,there’s a lot more that thewildlife community and theagricultural community have incommon than not,” he says.Shook’s bottom line is sim-

ple: the wetland managementdistrict provides better habitatwhen it’s grazed.“I remember going out one

morning and walking on twotracts (of grassland). One hadbeen grazed, the other hadn’t,”he says.“Where the cattle had

grazed, it was noisy with insectsand birds. Where they hadn’t, itwas dead silence. It was thatremarkable a difference,” hesays.

Weedy Junk continued from page eight

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“In the land of the geldings, the cryptorchid is king.”

That seems to be the best way todescribe American politics sinceReagan or Truman. But we getwhat we deserve.

Politics by nature is divisive, sus-ceptible to corruption and injuriousto the participant. Governmentbureaucracy is the pre-eminentexample of Peter’s Principle, whichsays as long as one achieves at a posi-tion he is in, he will be promoted.When he finally reaches a position heis not good in, he remains at that lev-el. Mediocrity is the expectation.The appointed jobs after elections

often go to big campaign donors orcronies. Cabinet members and judi-cial positions are only as good as thejudgment of the president himself.Then stop and remember how presi-dents are chosen. By the time theyreach that level they are fully geldedpoliticians. To paraphrase WilliamBuckley, “I would rather be governedby the first 400 people in the St. Jophone book, than by the hapless con-gress and administration in Washing-ton, D.C.”We are governed by the lowest

common denominator.I don’t know which is more unin-

telligibly obtuse; a politician beinginterviewed by a reporter OR anNFL lineman being questionedabout his poor performance. Whenthey pontificate from the podium

that “everybody counts or nobodycounts, that we are all in this togeth-er,” ask yourself why every senator,representative, administration mem-ber and their sycophants are exemptfrom the force-fed debacles they cre-ate and we, the victims, are gaggingon.We resent CEO’s in business

who wreck a company, get firedand walk away with millions ofdollars. Our own elected govern-ment potentates in Washingtonwreak their own havoc but haveprotected themselves with a“golden parachute” that wouldmake Donald Trump blush!I must admit, after making

these comments I have littlehope that it will ever change.Even the terms of PresidentsWashington, Adams and Jeffer-son were beset with connivery,slander and sabotage. “Lack ofcharacter” did not begin withNixon or end with Clinton. Themost we can expect from ourleaders is “not to make it worse.”On a lighter note, once you

get over the indignation, disgustand urge to protest, try this;while watching them squawkpolitico-media blather on televi-sion with their talk show accom-plices, turn the sound down.Then imagine they are actors ona reality show discussing hemor-rhoid medications. At least itwould be more believable.

Crypt Orchid is King

The United Nations’ Agenda 21 is not a liberal or conservative problem, it is anAmerican problem, according to a special report issued by RANGE magazine.RANGE is an award-winning publication devoted to the search for common-sense solutions to environmental issues. No stranger to controversy, for more

than 20 years RANGE has been the outspoken advocate for the protection of land,wildlife and recreation, and the people who produce food for America.In the 1990s, Agenda 21 was quietly, but deliberately, introduced into the United

States and given to President Clinton’s Council on Sustainable Development(PCSD) in 1993. The PCSD converted Agenda 21 into U.S. policy guidelines in1996 through Sustainable America, a federal document. Sustainable America pro-vides the backbone of nearly all federal policies and is being implemented nationwideat the federal, state and local levels, with very few people even being aware of it.Agenda 21 is a 40-chapter document designed to control human activity—globally.Bottom line: Thousands of cities and counties are lured to participate through very

lucrative federal grants, but by accepting Sustainable America grant money, leadersare signing over their freedom to govern at the local level to the United Nations. The name Sustainable America is never used and elected officials have no idea

there is a direct link to Agenda 21 when they embrace an idea that always soundswonderful, but the true costs are never revealed until after the grants are accepted. Those costs not only include money, but also the loss of power by the local govern-

ments when decision-making is transferred to non-elected regional commissions.Most important, these grant-funded programs cannot be implemented without theloss of private property rights by citizens. Property rights are a key to America’s suc-cess. The U.S. financial ranking in the world has plummeted from third place in 2000to 19th in 2011. This is largely due to the plummeting of the U.S. ranking in the

world for legally protected property rights and the rule of law. U.S. ranking droppedfrom first place in 1980 worldwide, to ninth place in 2000 and to 38th place in 2011.The cause is deficit spending and regulatory loss of private property rights.“If [Agenda 21 is] fully implemented, private property rights will be a thing of the

past,” warns the special report’s award-winning author, Michael S. Coffman, Ph.D.As president of Environmental Perspectives Inc. and CEO of Sovereignty Interna-tional in Bangor, Maine, Coffman has more than 30 years of university teaching,research, and consulting in forestry and environmental sciences and, now, geopolitics.He is viewed as an expert in tracking Agenda 21 and the threat it poses to the Amer-ican way of life. “This U.N. program is very dangerous to our personal liberties and the stealth with

which Agenda 21 has been implemented should concern everyone,” Coffman warns.“I have been studying the Agenda 21 phenomenon since the 1980s—before it wasmade public at the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro.” He is credited with stop-ping the ratification of a U.N. treaty, which was linked to Agenda 21, in the UnitedStates Senate when he exposed its hidden agenda. “Agenda 21 and its existing and proposed enforcement treaties are designed to

provide a web of interlocking international laws that would regulate virtually everyaspect of human interaction with the environment,” he says. In other words, Agenda21 puts the United Nations in charge—global governance—with every country fol-lowing the same course, following U.N. directions and decisions, even the UnitedStates. A digital version of Coffman’s special reports, “Agenda 21: Swallowing America”

and “Implementation by Stealth: How Agenda 21 Works,” can be found on the Win-ter 2014 Web page by visiting www.rangemagazine.com.

America’s Leaders are Being Duped

ASperry, Oklahoma, manwas convicted in midNovember of knowinglyconcealing stolen prop-

erty. Terry Lee Jett, 42, wasconvicted after he knowinglysold stolen cattle at theCollinsville livestock auction inCollinsville, Oklahoma.According to Texas and

Southwestern Cattle RaisersAssociation (TSCRA) SpecialRanger Bart Perrier, who led

the investigation, in August2011, Jett stole and sold 9 headof cattle from an Osage Coun-ty rancher who had hired himto catch and pen his cattle.Those cattle were positivelyidentified through sale barnrecords as the cattle that werestolen.Jett was sentenced to five

years in the Oklahoma Depart-ment of Corrections and wasfined $1,200 and $732 in court

costs.TSCRA has 30 special

rangers stationed strategicallythroughout Texas and Oklaho-ma who have in-depth knowl-edge of the cattle industry andare trained in all facets of lawenforcement. All are commis-sioned as Special Rangers bythe Texas Department of Pub-lic Safety and/or the Oklaho-ma State Bureau of Investiga-tion.

Oklahoma man convicted of knowinglyconcealing stolen property

In the cooperative spirit, beinginvolved is a significant partof Farm Credit of New Mexi-co’s day to day operations.

Having the benefit of living anddoing business in strong andhealthy communities, state, andagricultural industry is impera-tive to the company’s success.We not only advocate that givingmonetarily is important, but alsogiving our time and talent asindividuals is vital.Community involvement is

nothing new at Farm Credit ofNew Mexico; it is a long heldtradition. One example of this isBeverly Gabaldon, Chief Finan-cial Officer, she has been active-ly involved in community servicethroughout her 30 year career atFarm Credit. As she stated, “vol-unteering or serving others pro-vides me with so much morethan I give to the organizations.”This is not only Beverly’s philoso-phy but also Farm Credit ofNew Mexico’s. What we as acompany receive out of the timeand money we contribute to the

communities and agriculturalindustry return ten times what isput in. There are 46 employees who

give their time and talents in andoutside of work. In fact, this yearalone, our employees have spent4,404 hours volunteering, whichis over 550 work days or 110work weeks spent volunteering.It would take one person work-ing 40 hours a week over 2 years,with no vacation, to put in thismany volunteer hours. Employ-ees gave their time to 46 differ-ent groups including statewideagriculture groups, groups thatwork on curing disease and sup-porting those living with disease,church and faith based groups,helping seniors and homeless,and state and local youth groupsincluding: sports, agriculture,and special needs groups.As a Company we participate

in many philanthropic actives forexample, a scholarship endow-ment at New Mexico State Uni-versity was established in 2005with $250,000. The endowment

funds a scholarship for FarmCredit of New Mexico members’children and grandchildren whoattend the University. It provides$2,000 annual scholarships. Thefirst scholarship was awarded inthe fall 2006. To date 34 scholar-ships totaling $68,000 have beenawarded.For the second year in a row

Farm Credit of New Mexico staffvisited New Mexico State Univer-sity to visit with Students aboutthe Company and New MexicoAgriculture. This year, staff spokewith 10 classes and talked to 196students. FCNM also hosted aluncheon for faculty and depart-ment heads.Farm Credit of New Mexico is

a consistent buyer at the countyand state fair junior livestock salesaround the state. This year aloneover $100,000 was spent through-out the state. Animals were pur-chased at 28 sales.Supporting our communities

and industry has and will continueto be a priority for Farm Credit ofNew Mexico and our employees.

Farm Credit Of New Mexico: CommunityService Is A Long Held Tradition

DAN W. MOSER,

KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY

Bull selection presents animportant opportunity toenhance the profitabilityof the beef production

enterprise. For several reasons,bull selection is one of the mostimportant producer decisions,and as such, requires advancepreparation and effort to be suc-cessful. To effectively select sires,producers must not only be wellversed in the use of expectedprogeny differences (EPD) andunderstand breed differences,they must accurately and objec-tively assess their current genet-ics, resources and management.Furthermore, recent advances inDNA technology and decision-support tools add complexity toselection, but will ultimatelyenhance selection accuracy. Pro-ducers who stay up to date onadvances in beef cattle geneticsshould profit from enhanced rev-enue and reduced productioncosts, as they best match genet-ics to their production situation.

Opportunity for Genetic ChangeSire selection represents the

greatest opportunity for geneticchange. Genetic change in cow-calf operations can occur boththrough sire selection andthrough replacement femaleselection in conjunction withcow culling. Most producersraise their own replacementheifers rather than purchasingfrom other sources. This greatlylimits contribution of femaleselection to genetic changebecause a large fraction of theheifer crop is needed for replace-ments. Depending on cullingrate in the cowherd, usually one-half or more of the replacementheifer candidates are retained atweaning to allow for furtherselection at breeding time. Soeven if the best half of the heifersare retained, some averageheifers will be in that group.Finally, the information used toselect replacement heifers incommercial herds is limited. Pro-ducers may use in-herd ratiosalong with data on the heifers’dams, but these types of data onfemales do not reflect geneticdifferences as well as do theEPD used to select bulls.In contrast, whether selecting

natural service sires for purchaseor sires to be used via artificialinsemination (AI), the amountof variation available can bealmost overwhelming. Producers

can find bulls that will increaseor decrease nearly any trait ofeconomic importance. Further-more, since a relatively few bullswill service a large number ofcows, producers can select bullsthat are fairly elite even whennatural mating. Use of AI allowscommercial producers to usesome of the most outstandingbulls in the world at a reasonablecost, allowing for enormousamounts of genetic change, ifdesired. Finally, selection of bullsis more accurate than femaleselection. Seedstock breedersprovide genetic information inthe form of EPD, which allowfor direct comparison of poten-tial sires across herds and envi-ronments.

Unlike actual measurements,EPD consider the heritability ofthe trait to accurately predictgenetic differences between ani-mals. If AI is used, even greateraccuracy is possible. Bulls usedin AI may have highly provenEPD, calculated from thousandsof progeny measured in manyherds and environments.

Permanent and Long-Term ChangeGenetic change is permanent

change. Among managementdecisions, genetic selection dif-fers from others in that the ef-fects are permanent, not tempo-rary. Feeding a supplement tomeet nutritional requirements isbeneficial as long as the feeding

continues and health protocols,while important, must be main-tained year after year. However,once a genetic change occurs,that change will remain untiladditional new genetics enter theherd. Whether selecting forgrowth, carcass traits or maternalperformance, those traits, onceestablished in the herd, are auto-matically passed on to the nextgeneration.Sire selection has a long-term

impact. Regardless of whether aselected sire has a favorable orunfavorable effect on the herd, ifhis daughters enter the cowherd,his effects will remain for a con-siderable period of time. Assum-ing a sire is used for four yearsand his daughters are retained,

his impact will easily extend intothe next decade. And, while eachgeneration dilutes his contribu-tion, his granddaughters andgreat-granddaughters mayremain in the herd a quarter-cen-tury after last sired calves. Forthis reason, purchases of bullsand semen should be viewed notas a short-term expense, but along-term investment into theefficiency and adaptability of thebeef production enterprise.

This is an excerpt from the National Beef Evalu-ation Consortium Sire Selection Manual. Thiscomprehensive manual features a variety ofNBCEC research and genetic technology thatproducers can apply to their farms and ranch-es. To request a printed copy, contact TwigMarston (twig.marston at gmail.com) or LoisSchreiner (lschrein at ksu.edu) of the BeefImprovement Federation.


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LivestockMarketDigest

America’s Leaders are Being Duped

The Importance of Sire Selection


Swinging B Ranch, ownedand operated by Loran“Mackie” Bounds and hiswife Norma Jean, was

announced as the 2013 Beefmas-ter Breeders United (BBU)Breeder of the Year during the“Beefmasters United in Cow-town” 2013 BBU Conventionheld in Fort Worth, Texas fromOct. 31-Nov. 2, 2013. SwingingB Ranch is located in Axtell,Texas.Bounds started the Swinging

B Ranch in 1991. He began witha commercial herd and in 1996Swinging B Ranch moved intothe “Beefmaster world” whenBounds’ two children showedinterest in exhibiting the Beef-master breed. By the end of1997 the Beefmaster female hadbecome the prominent mommacow at the Swinging B Ranchand in May 1998 the ranch wasone hundred percent purebredBeefmaster.Mr. Bounds is known in the

“construction world” as an indus-try leader. He has owned BrazosMasonry since 1989 and today itis recognized throughout thecountry as an elite masonry con-

tracting firm. He took the sameattitude toward the cattle world.Just being a purebred breederwas not enough; he felt theycould be better. Bounds isalways happy with today, but hebelieves “we can do bettertomorrow.”The vision at the Swinging B

Ranch includes three core valuesfor the cattle they produce; per-formance, pedigree and pretty.Performance is a must and in hisproduction Bounds recordsbirth, weaning and yearlingweights on all of his cattle. Healso has carcass data collected onevery animal produced by theSwinging B Ranch. The ranch isnow also recording udder scores,calving ease and dispositionscores. EPDs are studied andconsidered as Swinging B Ranchbreeds for the future. The ranchalso participates in the BBU pro-gram Whole Herd Reporting,along with parent verifying everyanimal produced. They want tobe able to say “you are buyingwhat we say you are buying.”Bounds is active in his local

church, community and ofcourse holds multiple leadership

positions within BBU. He hasserved on the Junior BeefmasterBreeders Association (JBBA)adult committee and continuesto serve on the finance andadvertising committees associat-ed with BBU. He is currentlyserving as the BBU Vice-Presi-dent and has recently been elect-ed to the Board of Directors ofthe South Texas BeefmasterBreeders Association (STBBA).Mr. Bounds also supports thebeef cattle industry as a memberof the Texas and SouthwesternCattle Raisers Association. Hegives his time and energy wher-ever he is needed.The Swinging B Ranch is the

home of Bulletproof, one of thetop bulls in the Beefmasterbreed. The core values of per-formance, pedigree, and prettycan always be seen in the pro-duction of the Swinging BRanch. The cattle produced bySwinging B Ranch and the lead-ership displayed by Boundsmade the decision of awardinghim breeder of the year an easyone. BBU looks forward to hiscontinued leadership in the beefcattle industry.

Texas Cattleman Awarded BeefmasterBreeder of the Year

The 53rd Annual Beefmas-ter Breeders United(BBU) Conventionwrapped up Sat., Nov. 2,

2013, with an awards banquetwhere several Beefmasterbreeders and industry leaderswere recognized for theirefforts and commitment to thebreed. The annual convention“Beefmasters United in Cow-town” was hosted in FortWorth, Texas from October 31- November 2, 2013.During the general member-

ship meeting BBU memberselected new Board of Directormembers and officers. TheBBU secretary is Steve Carpen-ter, of Tecumseh, Okla. DwightBertrand, Elton, La., was elect-ed BBU’s treasurer. Jerry A.Davis, of Canton, Texas, waselected place one director,Clark Jones of Savannah,Tenn., is a director – place two,Tom Hood of Tahlequah,Okla., was elected place threedirector, Bob Siddons ofTilden, Texas, is a director –place four, and Kito Saenz ofSan Isidro, Texas, was selectedto fill a unexpired term for adirector – place four. Lastly, thegeneral membership voted on abylaw change that allowed theJunior Committee to be trans-ferred from a special commit-tee to a standing committee.Beefmaster breeders from

throughout the United Statesand Mexico attended this year’sconvention. Attendees enjoyedseminars, great food and fel-lowship with other cattlemen

and women in the historicatmosphere of the Fort WorthStockyards. This year’s conven-tion participants learned aboutthe value of consignmentssales, the importance of cattlehealth protocols during theBoehringer Ingelheim seminarand enjoyed a spooktacularHalloween welcome reception,a night full of costumes, FortWorth Stockyards treat streetbuggy rides and plenty of localcuisine. The convention alsohosted the President’s Recep-tion and the Beefmaster Edu-cation Endowment Foundation(B.E.E.F.) Gala where atten-dees were entertained by amechanical bull riding contest,singer and songwriter SonnyBurgess and a surprise perform-ance by Kix Brooks. The auc-tions hosted during the galahelped raise money to fundB.E.E.F. scholarships andresearch programs, as well ashelped with convention costs.One highlight of the conven-

tion was the kick-off luncheonwhere Kix Brooks, who isknown for his country duofame but is also a Beefmasterbreeder in Tennessee,addressed the crowd about thefuture of the Beefmaster indus-try and how honored he is to bea part of the BBU convention.Being a down-to-earth guy, healso took time for some photoopportunities and visit withjunior members.“I want people that are buy-

ing steaks to think about buy-ing Beefmaster steaks,” said

Brooks. “We are raising greatcattle and we need to let theworld know how great Beef-masters are.” He concludedthat he had a tremendous timeat this year’s convention and itwas an exceptional program.In addition to seminars,

luncheons and galas the atten-dees interacted with JuniorBeefmaster Breeders’ Associa-tion members that presentedaward winning speeches andexhibited award winning cattle.The convention was concludedwith the annual awards ban-quet where top honors wereannounced. Joshua Bird ofRogersville, Mo., was selectednew member of the year.Swinging B Ranch owned byLoran “Mackie” and NormaJean Bounds of Axtell, Texas,was selected breeder of theyear. Lyssy Beefmasters of SanAntonio, Texas was announcedmember of the year and envi-ronmental member of the yearwas awarded to ChaparrosaRanch La Pryor, Texas, andMargaritas Ranch of Coahuila,Mexico.“I am looking forward to

seeing what this year will bringfor the Beefmaster breed,” saidBBU President Steve Emmons.“There will always be chal-lenges, but I have a dream thatthe Beefmaster breed will bethe American breed of choice.This convention was a greatsuccess and just the kick-off weneeded for a new and excitingyear in the Beefmaster indus-try.”

Beefmaster Breeders United HostsSuccessful Cowtown Convention

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BY BARRY DENTON

The old truck and trailercame barreling into theranch last spring at full gal-lop and screeched to a halt

in front of the round pen where Iwas riding a jittery colt. Thetruck door slammed and outjumps the man to replace JohnWayne according to him.Red was about five foot four

and was just certain he couldleap tall buildings in a singlebound. To steal a line from Yava-pai Pete “he had a head like ahatchet with a face made to

match it.” The rest of him wasnarrow and wiry. The stubble onhis face convinced you that hehad some ferret in his back-ground. His big roweled spursdrug the ground with each step.Other than strutting like a ban-tam rooster and lying consistent-ly he wasn’t too bad of a cowboyor so I thought. Red arrived at the round pen

gate and said he had a cow andcalf just east of our place thatneeded to be doctored. Could Icome and help him? This wasmid morning and of course the

middle of our work day. To makethe best of it I figured my jitterycolt could use the work.Red swung open his trailer

door and out came one of thestrangest looking horses I haveever seen. Other than being six-teen hands tall he looked justlike Red. The horse was narrowfaced with pig eyes and a big oldhump in his forehead. His legswent in every direction and hisfeet were pointed in the other.The horse was slicked out

which was unusual for any ofReds’ horses. Red mounted upand explained that the boss hadgiven him a blank check to find agood horse for the ranch. Redsaid that he searched high andlow for a few months and cameupon this horse at a sale. Thehorse was supposed to go backto Hancock and Secretariat —figure that one out. He said thathe had been bidding against anagent for Tuf Cooper who reallywanted the horse, but he justcouldn’t outbid ol’Red.I figured if Red was right I

ought to see a world class ranchand rope horse at work today.We headed out for the east pas-ture at a high trot. When we hadgone about four hundred yardsthe world’s greatest ranch horseproceeded to buck. The way Iwould describe it would be ahigh fashion buck. That homelyold horse was actually one of theprettiest buckers I have everseen. He just seemed to float on

air and then really snap as he hitthe earth.Right about then he hit a

stand of live oak trees with Redstill hanging on. Red and hishorse finally came out the otherside, but it looked like they hadbeen through a bar room donny-brook. To his credit Red stayedon, but he would have been bet-ter getting off. The horse lookedfairly unscathed by the entireincident, but Red’s face was soswollen he couldn’t say much.Actually that wasn’t a bad thingas we still had about four moremiles to cover. I was thankfulthat my jittery colt didn’t evenraise an eyebrow.Red had sure gotten quiet and

looked awful. His face was a col-lection of bruises and cuts ooz-ing blood.Finally we spotted the cow

and calf. The pair was bushed upin some oak brush so I went tochase them to the clearing whereRed could stick a rope on them.Of course Red only saw his cattleabout twice a year so things gotpretty western in a hurry.However, that ugly old horse

was right on that calf and Reddropped a loop on him. True tohis legend Red’s mount stoppedlike a rodeo calf horse when hefelt the tug from the calf. Thenext thing that happenedastounded me. Red got off hishorse to tie the calf down. Whenhe did he tied one of his extralong split reins to his leg and pro-

ceeded to the calf with his pigginstring.I was keeping an eye on the

cow who had stopped runningand was coming back for hercalf. She was still about two hun-dred yards away. I tried to askRed politely why he tied that reinto his leg. He said he alwaysdoes that with a new horse incase mama cow comes back andhe has to mount up quickly.Just about that time mama

was coming back at a dead runand I tried to head her off.Needless to say the new horsesaw this and left immediatelywith Red’s leg and the calf intow. Mama cow had arrived andwas hooking everyone and every-thing in sight. However, Red’sgood rein wasn’t about to breakand with Red bouncing so muchhe couldn’t get it untied.Pretty soon mama cow was

hooking Red on a regular basis. Ifinally got a rope on Red’s horseand got him stopped. Next I wasable to cut the rope and then therein. When I cut the rope mamacow gave up the chase and wasstanding there licking her calf.Red was full of cholla, rocks, dirt,and blood. I made sure he didn’tbreak anything and propped himup under a nearby tree. I thenrode home quickly and cameback with a truck.Red was about four months

getting over his injuries. It isalways interesting when you ridewith a “top hand”.


Top Hand

For advertising,subscription and editorial inquiries write or call: Livestock Market Digest P.O. Box 7458, Albuquerque, N.M. 87194Telephone: 505/243-9515


Lyssy Beefmasters of SanAntonio, Texas was selectedand announced as the 2013Beefmaster Breeders United

(BBU) Member of the Year duringthe “Beefmasters United in Cow-town” 2013 BBU Convention heldin Fort Worth, Texas from October31 - November 2, 2013.Lyssy Beefmasters, operated by

Lawrence, George and LaurenLyssy, continuously strives toimprove the Beefmaster breed byusing the most advanced technolo-gies available to the cattle industry.The Lyssy Beefmaster operationutilizes artificial insemination,embryo transfer and carcass ultra-sound to improve genetics andproduce high performing cattle.Not only does Lyssy Beefmas-

ters use breeding technologies,they also believe in performancetested animals. Lyssy Beefmastershas taken several of their Beefmas-ter bulls to the Genetic Develop-ment Center in Navasota, Texas,in order to measure genetic per-formance through multiple feedintake tests. At Lyssy Beefmastersthey firmly believe “you can’t man-age what you can’t measure,” sothey continue to use the perform-ance testing facility as a tool to

select true performance genetics,add value to their product, and addconfidence in their customer’s pur-chases.During the fall 2012 perform-

ance test Lyssy showed the beefindustry that Beefmasters are trueperformers. The Lyssy Beefmasterbulls topped the test with the high-est average daily gain bull and themost feed efficient bull. The spring2013 test also proved to be just assuccessful, the Lyssys had the high-est performing Beefmaster bulls.When the three men are not

busy producing performance test-ed Beefmaster bulls and females,they are actively giving back to theBeefmaster industry by hostingultrasound field days for their fel-low breeders. Beefmaster breedersattend the events to scan cattle andto learn from educational sessionsthat focus on breeding programs,feed efficiency and economics.Lawrence, George and Lauren alsoserve as board of director membersand committee members at theBBU and satellite levels. LyssyBeefmasters has been a supporterof Beefmaster advertising for sever-al years and plans to continue topromote Beefmasters across theUnited States and world.

Family Operated RanchSelected as BeefmasterMember of the Year

BY SHARON NIEDERMAN

When Dino Cornayholds a pencil in hishand, life doesn’timitate art; instead,

life becomes art. The pencil isthe magic wand he uses to tellthe absolute truth about cow-boys, horses, livestock, and thedaily events of ranch life. Hismeticulously composed anddrawn black-and-white imagescommunicate the artist’s worlddirectly to the viewer’s heart.Following that initial light-

ning jolt of recognition, theviewer asks: How does he doit? How does he make thehorse’s mane look so real youcan reach out and feel it; thesun shine through the grasseswith warmth you can touch;and the caring between mamacow and baby calf so devotedthat it breaks your heart, justwith pencil and paper?From the bay windows of

his studio, Cornay looks easttoward the vast country andskies of Union County, wherethe American cowboy endures.Except, to Cornay, who’s livedmost of his life on his family’sfifth-generation Folsom, NMranch, this way of life is hardlya myth, and it is far fromfalling into the pages of historybooks. Both he and his dad,Carlos, now 85, who can stillride all day and sleeps in thesame room where he was born,are immersed in the daily workof managing the ranch alongwith Rob Pickard.The original Cornay Ranch,

founded in 1865, is owned bythree families and raises pri-marily Herefords and pasturessteers in the summer. In addi-tion, Carlos and Dino’s sister,Maria and Dino own a nearbyranch where they run Charo-lais cattle.Cornay’s great-grandfather,

Carlos Cornay, came to Taosfrom France, via a stay inCanada, with his brother,when he was 13 years old. Helanded on the site of the Cor-nay Ranch and was attractedto the live water. As a youngman, he recalled the buffalomigrations in spring and fall.He was part of a chuckwagoncowboy crew called the DutchCompany that went to ElPaso, brought cattle up, sum-mer the cattle in Folsom, thendrive them to Dodge City inthe fall.That way of life ended in

1888, when the railroad camethrough. The train whistlesthrough daily conversationaround the wooden diningtable in Cornay’s 110-year-oldFolsom home.“Certain traditions on a

ranch endure because of the

lifestyle. Pound forpound, New Mexi-co has as many truecowboys as any-where in the U.S.Cattle still have tobe worked primarilyon horseback onour countrybecause it is sorough. Heavy cattlework can stillrequire hard ridingof thirty or fortymiles a day on someranches. Brandingis still a tradition,and that’s why NMhas such a low rateof cattle theft,”Cornay says.“Somepeople may viewbranding as cruel,but it must be doneto protect owner-ship.“I’ve never considered

myself a good hand but likeanybody raised on a ranch, Iunderstand it and am steepedin it. Besides, I never learnedto rope well. I’m cautiousabout my hands because I playthe guitar and do my art.Everybody starts young here,and I made my first cattle driveup to Johnson Mesa when Iwas five. This lifestyle has gen-erated and enhanced my art.It’s all that we know,” he says.When Cornay needs a

break from the studio, he picksup his guitar to relax. He is amember of the Raton-basedcountry band, Colfax Reunion,well known throughout north-eastern New Mexico.“I can get away from the

confinement of the studio andgo ride horseback or go feedwith my dad, and I have anoutlet to clear my mind,” hesays. “I love to ride, work cat-tle, and walk on the ranch.This land gets a hold of you.Smelling branding smoke,being in the corral, the smellafter a rain – all the daily expe-riences of being on the ranch –

enhance my work.“I deal in realism, and I

strive for authenticity in every-thing I do. To every cowboy,everything he owns is his iden-tity- his spurs, his chaps, hissaddle, and his hat – and everycowboy shapes his hat differ-ently. Plus, it is my artisticnature that I pay great atten-tion to animal anatomy. Hors-es are my favorite subject, andI also love drawing cattle,native wildlife, and children. Iwill go the extra mile andspend the extra time requiredto make everything authentic.That’s what people expectfrom me. The nice thing aboutart is: you can make huge mis-takes, but as you progressthrough the years, you shouldimprove. I want true ranchpeople to view my work asaccurate. That is what I strivefor, because these are my peo-ple.”Cornay has never had for-

mal training, in fact, he“almost flunked” the only col-lege drawing class he took.

Dino Cornay: Telling theTruth With a Pencil

Artist Dino Cornay with his father Carlos

"Intensity" Cornay's latest work

continued on page fifteen


Agriculture Deputy Secre-tary Krysta Hardenannounced the appoint-ment of 20 members to

serve on the Secretary’s Adviso-ry Committee on BeginningFarmers & Ranchers during atrip to the University ofDelaware. The Committee willprovide guidance to the Secre-tary on expanding opportuni-ties that will help beginningfarmers and ranchers succeedin agriculture.“The next generation of

America’s farmers and ranchersare more diverse than everbefore, have new market oppor-tunities and continue to bringinnovative ideas to the agricul-ture industry,” Deputy Secre-tary Harden said. “The Secre-tary and I look forward toworking closely with this Advi-sory Committee to continuesupporting the promise of agri-culture’s future. At the sametime, we need passage of a newFood, Farm and Jobs Bill toinvest in support and assistancefor new farmers in the years tocome.”The following individuals

have been asked to serve on thecommittee through September2015:Mr. Chris Beyerhelm,

Deputy Administrator for FarmLoan Programs with the FarmService Agency from Washing-ton, DC; Ms. DeborahCavanaugh-Grant, Local FoodSystems and Small Farms Edu-cator, University of IllinoisExtension; Dr. Duncan M.Chembezi, Professor and

Extension Economist from Ala-bama A&M University inMadison, Alabama; Ms.Michelle Conner, Owner/FarmManager of Evandale Farm,LLC, and Beginning FarmerProgram Coordinator fromPittsfield, New Hampshire;Mr. Marcus Creasy, Cow/CalfProducer & Immediate PastPresident of the Arkansas Cat-tlemen’s Association inArkansas; Mr. Kole James Fitz-patrick, Regional TechnicalAssistance Specialist with Inter-tribal Agriculture Council &Operator of a Small Cow/CalfRanch from Montana; Ms.Marty Gerencer, Principal/Owner of Morse MarketingConnections, LLC in Michi-gan; Mr. Timothy M. Goss-man, Farm Loan Officer/SeniorVice President, Root RiverState Bank from Minnesota;Mr. Christopher Holman,Farmer/Owner Operator ofNami Moon Farms fromCuster, Wisconsin; Mrs. Adri-enne Farrar Houël, Presidentand CEO of Greater Bridge-port Community Enterprises,Inc., from Connecticut; Dr.Anna J. Jones-Crabtree, Begin-ning Farmer and Owner/Oper-ator of Vilicus Farms in Mon-tana; Ms. Yani Rose Keo,Executive Director/Co- Founderof the Alliance for MulticulturalCommunity Services and Presi-dent/Founder of CambodianGardens Inc., from Texas; Mr.Gary Matteson, VP of Young,Beginning, Small Farmer Pro-grams for the Farm CreditCouncil from Washington, DC;

Ms. Maria Miller, Director ofEducation, National FarmersUnion in Colorado; Mrs. JulieD. Neill, Owner/Operator ofNeill & Sons Dairy, a grazingdairy in Missouri; Mr. PeterScheffert, Farm Loan Officerwith Farmers State Bank ofHartland from Minnesota; Mr.Jose Antonio Serrano, GeneralManager of Alba Organicsfrom California; Dr. GarryStephenson, Professor/Coordi-nator of Small Farms Programfrom Oregon State University;Dr. Jennifer Elaine Taylor,Coordinator of Small FarmPrograms from Florida Agri-cultural & Mechanical Univer-sity in Tallahassee, Florida;Mrs. Windy Mae Van Dam,Dairy Rancher/Former Opera-tor of 2 B Dairy and Director,Animal Health & Food SafetyLaboratory Board from Cali-fornia.The committee will provide

public and industry perspec-tives on USDA strategies, poli-cies, and programs to broadlycapture the many issues rele-vant to beginning farmers andranchers including but not lim-ited to opportunities in localfood systems, generationaltransfers, training and credit.The committee’s upcomingmeeting will be announced inthe Federal Register prior tothe meeting and will includethe meeting date, details andtopics for discussion. Informa-tion will also be available onthe committee's website at:http://www.outreach.usda.gov/committees/ACBFR.htm.

USDA Announces Members for BeginningFarmers & Ranchers CommitteeRather, he considers him-

self a graduate ofthe“OJT,” or the “on-the-job” training school of art.“I can never remember atime when I wasn’t draw-ing,” he says. He begandrawing as a child, sketch-ing cartoons to entertainthe family, and he usedthe only paper available,Big Chief tablets. He wasscolded in school early onfor drawing during class,but his high school artteacher made sure healways had a pencil or apaintbrush in his hand andencouraged him.He graduated from

Colby Community Col-lege and Kansas State witha degree in animal sci-ence. He was a member of anationally renowned livestockand horse judging team at bothinstitutions and was high indi-vidual at four contests and tiedfor high at a fifth. He firstdeveloped his judging skills as amember of the state champion4-H and FFA livestock judgingteams while at school in DesMoines. This judging experi-ence enhanced his knowledgeof animal anatomy. “This judg-ing contributed to my being astickler for anatomical authen-ticity.”During college and follow-

ing graduation, with muchencouragement, he began torealize he could make a careerof art. He came home to theranch, did some drawings andprinted them. But because hehad no clientele, sales were dis-mal. That’s when he learnedwhat a hard business art is tobreak into. He started develop-ing a client list, writing downevery name he could think ofamong his acquaintances andcontacts. Despite years ofrecognition and a client list thatincludes numerous serious col-lectors from all over, heremains involved in all aspectsof his business, down to wrap-ping prints for shipping. Mostof his originals are sold private-ly, and to date, Cornay has soldout 22 editions of his limitededition prints. His work hasappeared in numerous artshows.Pencil art is a longstanding

cowboy tradition, an exampleof “the medium is the mes-sage,” just as a sepia or a blackand white photo is more West-ern looking and lends well tothe subject matter. Contrast isextremely important in themedium. You do not have theluxury of color, Cornayexplains, so you have to use 3-D effects as well as contrast todraw the eye in and stop theviewer so he or she really looksat the piece.To achieve his effects, he

uses a classic graphing systemthat dates to the old masters.He takes many photos as he

researches his subjects. Heworks freehand and uses pho-tographic references but altersthe landscape or the placementof an element to suit his com-position.“It’s still freehand,” he

says.“Composition and tech-nique is a never-endingprocess. Everything I do andsee on the ranch comes back tome when I work.”Technically, graphite is a

simple yet complex medium.“Everyone is familiar with apencil and amazed when theysee what can be done withone,” he says. Cornay usesthree brands of pencils, whichhe mixes and matches by long-developed feel.Cornay relies on his dad,

Carlos, as one of his best crit-ics. “My dad’s extensive knowl-edge of ranching and livestockgives me a fresh perspective.We eat lunch together everyday,” he says, “and discussmany subjects.” While Cornayworks, he enjoys all kinds ofmusic, from rock, to country,to contemporary Christian.“New Mexico has produced

outstanding artists. I amblessed to show my work withtheirs,” he says.“The grit, determination,

hardiness, and independenceof the people I portray is phe-nomenal, and their sense ofhumor is infectious. Ranchmen and women never com-plain. I remember in 1973,after four consecutive springblizzards, we lost 80 cows and135 calves, and I never heardmy dad or my granddad say aword of complaint. We just car-ried on. The only thing mygranddad was afraid of was adrought. My dad never com-plains.“What I do is work, but it’s

not work. It’s my place to docu-ment what I see in my lifetime.I’ve got a responsibility to dothat, whether it’s through thepencil or the camera. The artand the ranching go hand inhand and are interwoven. I’mfortunate to be able to havethat combination right out myfront door.”

"Tally Book" Another great

Cornay pencil drawing

Dino Cornay continued from page fourteen

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