LNG Carrier and Marine Fuel: Fleet Status Update and Repair DiscussionMarine Chemists Association 59th Annual SeminarWednesday 19 July 2017 Hotel ChacoAlbuquerque, New Mexico

Bob KambABS Consulting Inc

Manager, LNG Servicesrkamb@absconsulting.com

© 2016 ABS Group of Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Global Reach

Americas/Corporate

Houston, Texas

Our network of more than 2,000 professionals can be reached in over 30 countries with regional offices in:

Asia/Pacific

Republic of Singapore

Europe

Warrington, UK

Middle East

Dubai, U.A.E

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Company History and Mission

• ABS Group, based in Houston, Texas, is a subsidiary of ABS, one of the world's leading marine and offshore classification societies

• For more than 40 years, we have built a reputation for setting standards of excellence in the areas of safety, risk and integrity for a broad spectrum of clients in the marine; offshore; oil, gas and chemical; government and power sectors

• Our mission is to be a leading global provider of technical services that better enables our clients to operate safely, reliably, efficiently and in compliance with applicable regulations and standards; we are focused on adding value to the industries we serve

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Topics of Discussion

1. LNG Export and Shipping in the US Projections

2. LNG Carrier Design and Construction Basics

3. LNG as a Marine Fuel North America Ship and Operations Status Update

4. LNG Fueled Vessel Design Characteristics

5. Future Developments

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US LNG Export Traffic Projection

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Freeport LNGFreeport, TX13 MTPA, 180 ships/year Starting 2018

Sabine Pass LNGCheniere Energy27 MTPA, 415 ships per yearOperating now

Cameron LNGSempra Energy 12 MTPA, 180 ships per year  starting 2018

Corpus Christi LNGCorpus Christi TX22.5 MTPA~350 ships per yearStarting 2018

Elba Island LNGElba Island, GA2.5 MTPA~38 ships per yearStarting 2018 

Cove Point LNGChesapeake Bay, MD5.25 MTPA80 ships per yearStarting  2018

Gulf of Mexico

East Coast

West Coast Jordan Cove LNG

Coos Bay, OR7.8 MTPA120 ships per yearStarting ????

US GOM LNG Marine Traffic

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Å ~1125 deep draft LNGCs /year by 2020 Å3 ships / day arriving at US Gulf Coast LNG terminalsÅ 6 or more ships per day transiting US GOM TSS and Port Approach Channels

Freeport

Sabine PassLake Charles

Corpus Christi

World LNG Fleet Breakdown

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Type Existing On Order Convert Total

LNGC 434 100 0 534Small (<40Km3)

34 12 0 46

FLNG 1 3 3 7FSRU 26 12 0 38FSU 7 1 0 8Total 502 128 3 633

DFDE10%

MEGI29%

SSD1%

Steam5%

Steam Reheat9%

TFDE38%

XDF8%

LNGC Newbuild Propulsion by Type 2016

DFDE

MEGI

SSD

Steam

Steam Reheat

TFDE

XDF

DFDE3%

MEGI1%

SSD11%

Steam60%

Steam Reheat1%

TFDE24%

LNGC Fleet by Propulsion Type 2016

DFDE

MEGI

SSD

Steam

Steam Reheat

TFDE

16 13

41

226

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Breakdown by Age 2016

1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s

LNG Carrier General Arrangement

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Top: Moss Rosenberg (Moss, type B, Independent Spherical, supported by equatorial ring in tank hold spaces, more robust)Bottom: Membrane type (GTT, membrane, non self-supporting, N2 supply to interbarrier space, subject to sloshing damage)

LNGC Basic Design and Construction

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Design Criteria Based on IGC Code, ABS SVR Part 5, Chap 8, 46 CFR 154

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103 LNG fueled vessels in service, 97 on order March 2017

Ongoing Challenges?• Supply and Distribution Infrastructure• Equipment and Installation Cost• Technical, Risk and Operations Issues

LNG Marine Fuel Development 2017

• 100+ gas fueled ships currently in service

• ~97 proposed or under construction

• Representing annual LNG consumption of about 1MM mtpa by 2020

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Source: LNG World Shipping, Report , M Corkhill, 22 March 2017

Vessel Type in service on orderPassenger Ship / Ferries 40 32 72Tankers and Bulk Carriers 19 28 47Container and Dry Cargo Ships 11 14 25Service and Supply Vessels 33 23 56

Total: 103 97 200

LNG Fueled Fleet as of March 2017 Category Total

Perspective:• Ships 0.2% of global fleet• Fuel 1.0 % of LNG traded worldwide

Potential:• 2020 entry into force of 0.5% global fuel

sulfur cap• Scrubbers, USLD, LNG, other?

LNG Fueled Fleet Breakdown

USA: Right Now

Jacksonville-• 2 TOTE containerships, Jax to PR scheduled service• 2 Crowley container ships next year, Jax to PR liner service

• truck to ship (TTS) for now, barge in service for STS bunkering next year

Port Fourchon, LA-• 4 Harvey Gulf PSVs for offshore GoM service• Facility to ship (FTS) bunkering from HGIM leased slip

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LNG Bunkering Locations & Operating Areas

Norway 56%

Europe17%

America10%

Asia Pacific8%

Mid East3%

Global6%

Worldwide Bunkering Locations

NorwayEuropeAmericaAsia PacificMid EastGlobal

Source: Author pie chart from LNG Ships in Operation Worldwide Dec 2016

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US LNG Marine Fuel & Small Scale

Jax LNG (Pivotal)TOTE Services Jacksonville FL0.07 MTPA (120K gpd)Starting 2019

Tacoma LNG (PSE)Puget Sound EnergyPort of Tacoma, WA0.4 MTPAStarting 2019

Eagle LNG (Ferus)Crowley MaritimeJacksonville, FL0.9 MTPA (1.5mm gpd)Starting 2019

Port Fourchon LNG Harvey Gulf / ShellPort Fourchon, LA~270,000 gal (1000m3)Operating now

USA Potential / Expected

• 20 Existing in service US Flag fleet of “LNG-Ready” Jones Act / coastwise ships

• 2 Matson container ships for Hawaii service 2019, (NASSCO)

• 2 Pasha con-ros for Hawaii, 2019 (Keppel, Brownsville, TX)

• 2 TOTE Orca class conversions (??)

Foreign Ships in US Ports:• Ineos Ethane Carriers, Marcus Hook PA and

Houston (now) • Carnival Group, MSC Cruises and Royal

Caribbean Cruises, • 13 ships for delivery between 2019 and 2026

• 2 Volkswagen Car Carriers to US (2019)

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LNG Fuel Vessel Design and Construction Criteria

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Determined by IGF Code, ABS SVR Part 5C, Chap 13 and USCG Policy Letter 01-12, Change 01

Based on 18 Specified Functional Requirements, including:• Equivalent Level of Safety based on design features and risk assessment• Minimize hazard by ventilation, detection and safety actions• Hazardous area designations• Protection against explosion, external damage, overpressure, tank overfill

Basic Fuel System Layout

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Fuel System Components and Function

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Fuel Storage Tank

Tank Room / Tank Connection Space / Cold Box

Gas Valve Unit

Bunkering Station

Heat Exchangers

Dealing with LNG: Repair Considerations

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“Due to constraints imposed by working on an LNG carrier when gassed-up, an extensive preparation programme was necessary before maintenance could commence.”

What’s Next?

New Drivers:• Global fuel sulfur limit drops to 0.5% 2020• Desire for charterer’s and shippers to improve

green credentials• LNG bunkering infrastructure build out• Project Experience and Lessons Learned• Regulatory clarity• Port competition for LNG fueled ships• Oil price?

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Gas fueled fleet “projected” to grow to 250 by 2020

There have been 100 projects since early 2000, 100 more on the books for this year and next

50 more over the next 3 years?

Bob KambManager, LNG Services

linkedin.com/company/absgroup

@_absgroup

rkamb@absconsulting.com Webinar or Training Title

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© 2016 ABS Group of Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Projects Past: 55+ years of LNG Marine fuel

LNG Carriers were the first LNG fueled vessels

Starting with the first LNG carrier, Methane Pioneer in 1959

Since the mid 1960’s, LNG carriers have been designed to use their cargo as fuel:

• Steam Turbine era, 60s – present • Dual fuel Diesel Electric (DFDE) 90’s to present• Tri fuel diesel electric(TFDE), 90s – present• ME-GI, 10’s to present• Gas turbine (proposed)

About 120 (28%) current conventional trading LNGC fleet are dual fuel diesel

About 110 (67%) of on order LNGCs are dual fuel diesel

Technical development over 50 years of operational experience is adopted for use in gas fueled ships (non-LNGC) today

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Canada

2 Seaspan Ferries• 5 BC Ferries (Salish Class (3) and Spirit

Class (2)) • – truck-on-ship bunkering

2 Transport Desgagnés (Asphalt tankers)• - truck to ship

2 STQ Ferries• - truck to ship

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Europe

Epicenter for LNG marine FuelActive LNG bunkering operations:

• The Netherlands - Rotterdam• Belgium - Zeebrugge• Germany- Rostock, Hamburg• Norway- Risavika, Stavanger• Sweden- Gothenburg, Nynäshamn• Finland- Puri• Estonia- Tallin• Spain- Barcelona• Portugal- Lisbon, Leixoes, Sines

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Rest of the World

Asia:SingaporeJapan - YokohamaKorea- UlsanChina- Zhoushan, Shanghai Australia –Fremantle, Dampier

South America:• Argentina- Buquebus

fast ferry “Francisco” in Buenos Aires

Source: http://www.lngbunkering.org/lng/map/node 24

How?

Truck33%

Barge33%

Shore Facility

17%

Portable17%

LNG DELIVERY MODE

Source: Author pie chart from Lloyds Register LNG Bunkering Survey 2014

Now Predominantly / initially by Truck

LNG Bunker Barges:• Clean Marine Energy (TOTE) • Seagas (Viking Grace)• ENN Clean Fuels (China)

LNG Bunker ships:• Anthony Veeder (Baltic)• Engie/ NYK / Mitsui (Zeebrugge)• Shell (NW Europe)

LNG Bunker Facilities:• Harvey Gulf (Port Fourchon)• GATE Terminal (Rotterdam)• Fluxys (Zeebrugge)• Skangas (Pori, Finland)

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LNGC Basic Design and Construction

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Design Criteria Based on IGC Code, ABS SVR Part 5, Chap 8, 46 CFR 154

USA Potential / Expected

Converting at 5 year SS DD from 2020?

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Shipbuilder Owner/Operator Type of Vessel Size Delivery (est)

Est Annual LNG Fuel Cons (tpa)

NASSCO Am. Pet. Tankers Product Carrier 50,000 dwt. 16‐Dec 8200NASSCO Am. Pet. Tankers Product Carrier 50,000 dwt. 15‐Dec 8200NASSCO Am. Pet. Tankers Product Carrier 50,000 dwt. 16‐Aug 8200NASSCO Am. Pet. Tankers Product Carrier 50,000 dwt. 16‐Apr 8200NASSCO Am. Pet. Tankers Product Carrier 50,000 dwt. 2017 8200Philly Shipyard Crowley Marine Product Carrier 46,000 dwt 2016 8200Philly Shipyard Crowley Marine Product Carrier 46,000 dwt 2016 8200Philly Shipyard Crowley Marine Product Carrier 46,000 dwt 2015 8200Philly Shipyard Crowley Marine Product Carrier 46,000 dwt 2015 8200NASSCO Matson Navigation Containership 3500 teu 2019 40000NASSCO Matson Navigation Containership 3500 teu 2020 40000Philly Shipyard Matson Navigation Containership 3,600 teu 2018 Q3 40000Philly Shipyard Matson Navigation Containership 3,600 teu 2019 Q1 40000TBD Pasha Hawaii Containership 3400 teu 2019 40000TBD Pasha Hawaii Containership 3400 teu 2020 40000NASSCO Seabulk Tankers Product Carrier 50,000 dwt. 16‐Dec 8200NASSCO Seabulk Tankers Product Carrier 50,000 dwt. 16‐Jun 8200NASSCO Seabulk Tankers Product Carrier 50,000 dwt. 17‐Mar 8200Philly Shipyard Am. Pet. Tankers Product Carrier 50,000 dwt. 2016 8200Philly Shipyard Am. Pet. Tankers Product Carrier 50,000 dwt. 2017 8200Philly Shipyard Am. Pet. Tankers Product Carrier 50,000 dwt. 2017 8200Philly Shipyard Am. Pet. Tankers Product Carrier 50,000 dwt. 2018 8200

330,200