lng. terminal equipment - on the mos way...terminal equipment. instrumentation productmetering....
TRANSCRIPT
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LNG Terminal Equipment
Juan Manuel Martín Ordax
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Terminal equipment. General aspects
The aspects considered are:
o Main equipment used for cargo transfer are loading arms or hard arms, which are jetty based.
o It is necessary to consider:
• Fitting of Emergency shut‐down systems.• Emergency Release Couplings.
o Storage tanks.o Fire‐fighting equipment.
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Terminal equipment. Cargo transfer systems
Cargo transfer systems are:
• Hoses• Hard arms – loading arms• Vapour return• Insulating flanges
Source: Northern Platforms
Source: Trelleborg
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The main aspects have to be taken into consideration regarding hoses:
• Hoses used should be done according a suitable standard.
• Hoses correctly supported in a hose cradle.
• Hoses have to be treated with care so that they are not damaged: follow
manufacturers’ instructions regarding use
• Materials suitable for LNG hoses:
Composite
Rubber
Stainless steel
Terminal equipment. Cargo transfer systems
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Terminal equipment. Cargo transfer systems
Source: Marine Insight
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Typical loading arm operating envelope
Source: Liquefied Gas Handling Principles On Ships and in Terminals
Terminal equipment. Cargo transfer systems
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Roots blower typically used for vapour return
Terminal equipment. Cargo transfer systems
Diagram of vapour return using a shore based blower
Source: Liquefied Gas Handling Principles On Ships and in Terminals
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Insulating flanges:
• The need to prevent electrical flow through loading arm or hose makes itnecessary to insert an insulating flange.
• It is inserted in the lower end of the outer loading arm.
• Insulating properties tested: 500 volt insulation resistance tester.
Terminal equipment. Cargo transfer systems
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Terminal equipment. Shore storage
The storage of LNG can be done using the following:
• Double‐wall tanks (LNG, LPG, chemical gases)• Double‐containment tanks (LNG, LPG)• In‐ground tanks (LNG)
Source: CB&I
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Terminal equipment. Shore storage
LNG tank. Concrete bund
Source: Liquefied Gas Handling Principles On Ships and in Terminals
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Terminal equipment. Shore storage
LNG tank. Double wall
Source: Liquefied Gas Handling Principles On Ships and in Terminals
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Terminal equipment. Ancillary equipment
Pressure relief venting: pressure relief valves will be installed in LNG tanks.
Pipelines and valves: These equipment will be installed in accordance with the standard used for the LNG tank.
Pumps, compressors and heat exchangers: Either inside or outside of the tank. Different types:
• Deepwell pumps• Vertical in‐line pumps• Horizontal foot‐mounted pumps• Submerged pumps within the tank
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LNG receiving terminal. Vaporiser/sendout
Source: Liquefied Gas Handling Principles On Ships and in Terminals
Terminal equipment. Ancillary equipment
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Terminal equipment. Instrumentation
Product metering. Typically the following types of metering:
•Positive displacement meter•Turbine meter •Vortex meter •Ultrasonic meter •Coriolis mass flow meter
Pressure, temperature and level instrumentation.
Gas detection systems. Detection of gas leakages. Installed in terminals and jetties.
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Terminal equipment. Fire fighting
Fires can be classified into:
•Minor fires at pump glands, pipe flanges and relief valves•Fires from confined liquid pools•Fires from unconfined spillages•Fires in confined spaces
Fire fighting mediums:
•Water: excellent cooling medium. However, a heat source for refrigerated productspills, promoting evaporation of spilled product.•Foam: Application of foam to unignited LNG pools can reduce the distance traveledby flammable vapour.•dry chemical powder: attacking the flame by absorbing the free radicals in thecombustion process.•smothering gas (carbon dioxide): educing the oxygen content of the atmosphere to alevel at which combustion cannot continue•vaporising liquids (such as halon): when vaporising liquids are released in case of fire,the gas reacts with the combustion process and extinguishes the flames
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