loading and haulage for surface coal mining
DESCRIPTION
Presentation Report on Materials Handling: Loading and Haulage for Coal MiningTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Loading and Haulage for Surface Coal Mining](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081420/551efff0497959cf398b4e63/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
MATERIALS HANDLING: LOADING AND HAULAGE
FOR SURFACE COAL MININGReporters:Sarah Mae AjonDailyn Nivero
![Page 2: Loading and Haulage for Surface Coal Mining](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081420/551efff0497959cf398b4e63/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Materials Handling A material most commonly handled by the
mining industry is rock that has been fragmented either by mechanical or explosive methods.
This rock can be: an ore containing an economic mineral salable mineral product itself in a fairly undiluted
form waste rock that must be excavated to expose the
economic mineral deposit.
![Page 3: Loading and Haulage for Surface Coal Mining](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081420/551efff0497959cf398b4e63/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Materials Handling
In the simplest scenario, a loading device is used to load fragmented ore into a unit conveyance, which carries the ore to a facility where it will be beneficiated.
Typical units vary for different operations.
![Page 4: Loading and Haulage for Surface Coal Mining](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081420/551efff0497959cf398b4e63/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Coal Removal on Surface Mines
Coal is usually loaded by front-end loaders, loading shovels, or wheel excavators into off-highway, bottom-dump trucks for transport to the stockpile.
In small operations, it can be loaded into on-highway trucks for direct shipment to customers.
![Page 5: Loading and Haulage for Surface Coal Mining](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081420/551efff0497959cf398b4e63/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The coal is loaded out of the mining area and is taken to surface stockpiles, either to be shipped out by rail or transported to a power plant directly on the property (mine mouth operation).
![Page 6: Loading and Haulage for Surface Coal Mining](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081420/551efff0497959cf398b4e63/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Equipments for Loading and Haulage
Dozers and Scrapers In land clearing, topsoil removal, and
preparation of the mining area for subsequent unit operations, bulldozers and scrapers have extensive applications.
Currently, scrapers for rock have bucket capacities of 33 cubic metres (1,165 cubic feet; about 47 tons of material), and scrapers for coal have capacities of 43 cubic metres (37 tons). Bulldozers have blade capacities up to 30 cubic metres.
![Page 7: Loading and Haulage for Surface Coal Mining](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081420/551efff0497959cf398b4e63/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Equipments for Loading and Haulage
Dozers and Scrapers
![Page 8: Loading and Haulage for Surface Coal Mining](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081420/551efff0497959cf398b4e63/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Equipments for Loading and Haulage
Shovels and Trucks When the haul distances are small (for
example, 500 to 1,000 metres) and the overburden material soft, a fleet of scrapers can load, haul, and dump the overburden.
Where distances are very small (for example, 30 to 40 metres), mobile front-end loaders, or wheel loaders, may be used to load, haul, and dump.
![Page 9: Loading and Haulage for Surface Coal Mining](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081420/551efff0497959cf398b4e63/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Three types of shovel are currently used in mines: the stripping shovel, the loading (or quarry-mine) shovel, and the hydraulic shovel.
Hydraulic and loading shovels are available with capacities up to and over 30 cubic metres.
The capacity of the loading shovel is carefully matched with the haul unit into which the load will be dumped.
In open-pit coal mines, the haul units for overburden material are usually large, off-highway, end-dumping trucks; their capacities range from 35 to 250 tons.
The stripping shovel has a large bucket, usually sits in the pit on the top of the coal seam, digs into the overburden material, and deposits it in the adjacent mined-out area.
![Page 10: Loading and Haulage for Surface Coal Mining](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081420/551efff0497959cf398b4e63/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Stripping Shovel
![Page 11: Loading and Haulage for Surface Coal Mining](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081420/551efff0497959cf398b4e63/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Loading Shovel
![Page 12: Loading and Haulage for Surface Coal Mining](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081420/551efff0497959cf398b4e63/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Hydraulic Shovel
![Page 13: Loading and Haulage for Surface Coal Mining](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081420/551efff0497959cf398b4e63/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Equipments for Loading and Haulage
Draglines the most commonly used overburden-removal
equipment in surface coal mining. A dragline sits on the top of the overburden,
digs the overburden material directly in front of it, and disperses the material over greater distances than a shovel.
Compared with shovels, draglines provide greater flexibility, work on higher benches, and move more material per hour. The largest dragline in operation has a bucket capacity of 170 cubic metres.
![Page 14: Loading and Haulage for Surface Coal Mining](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081420/551efff0497959cf398b4e63/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Dragline
![Page 15: Loading and Haulage for Surface Coal Mining](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081420/551efff0497959cf398b4e63/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Equipments for Loading and Haulage
Wheel excavators a continuous excavation machine capable of removing up to
12,000 cubic metres per hour. The most favourable soil and strata conditions for BWE operation are soft, unconsolidated overburden materials without large boulders.
BWEs are widely employed in lignite mining in Europe, Australia, and India. In these mines, the wheel excavators deposit the overburden and coal materials onto high-speed, high-capacity belt conveyors for transport to the mined-out areas of the pit and the coal stockpile, respectively.
In the United States, wheel excavators have been used in combination with shovels or draglines, with a wheel handling soft topsoil and clay layers and a shovel or dragline removing hard strata.
![Page 16: Loading and Haulage for Surface Coal Mining](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081420/551efff0497959cf398b4e63/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Bucket-wheel Excavator
![Page 17: Loading and Haulage for Surface Coal Mining](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081420/551efff0497959cf398b4e63/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Loading: Lay-Out of Mining Areas
1. Provide sufficient operating room whenever possible
2. Develop mine standards on typical operation lay-out for major equipment
3. Enforce adherence to the standard designs
4. Strive to improve the practice and the standards
![Page 18: Loading and Haulage for Surface Coal Mining](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081420/551efff0497959cf398b4e63/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Loading: Loading and Dumping Efficiency
1. Custom design the loading method to maximize loading efficiency by:
a. Maximizing loading rate
b. Minimizing truck/shovel waiting time
2. Use double back-up whenever possible
3. Allow sufficient room for unrestricted maneuvering
![Page 19: Loading and Haulage for Surface Coal Mining](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081420/551efff0497959cf398b4e63/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Double Back-up
Loading Methods
![Page 20: Loading and Haulage for Surface Coal Mining](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081420/551efff0497959cf398b4e63/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Double Back-up
Loading Methods
![Page 21: Loading and Haulage for Surface Coal Mining](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081420/551efff0497959cf398b4e63/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Single Back-up
Loading Methods
![Page 22: Loading and Haulage for Surface Coal Mining](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081420/551efff0497959cf398b4e63/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Single Back-up
Loading Methods
![Page 23: Loading and Haulage for Surface Coal Mining](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081420/551efff0497959cf398b4e63/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Loading Methods
![Page 24: Loading and Haulage for Surface Coal Mining](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081420/551efff0497959cf398b4e63/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Loading Methods
![Page 25: Loading and Haulage for Surface Coal Mining](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081420/551efff0497959cf398b4e63/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Grazie!!