local solid waste - dallas

LOCAL SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT PLAN

Transportation and Environment Committee August 14, 2012

PURPOSE

1. Provide overview of Dallas’ draft Local Solid Waste Management Plan

2. Obtain the committee’s recommendation for full Council acceptance of Plan

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BACKGROUND

For hundreds of years, wastes have been dumped, buried, burned, or converted to another use

As total population has grown, so has urbanization and population density

Cities became challenged on ways to effectively and safely manage solid waste

Combination of plentiful and cheap disposal (via landfills) with strong industrial growth led to a general “just throw it away” mentality

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BACKGROUND Dallas’ population is over 1.2 million people:

Has nearly tripled over the last 60 years Is projected to grow another 40% over the next 50 years

Dallas’ 1.2 million people generate 2.2 million tons of waste each year

Dallas manages this waste with a variety of targeted programs 4

BACKGROUND

0.5 million tons

1.7 million tons

2.2 million tons

0.5 million tons collected by City staff from single-family residential

1.7 m tons collected by private haulers from: Apartments Businesses / Industry Public Entities (schools,

government buildings, etc.)

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With population over 1.2 million, Dallas generates 2.2m tons of waste annually

0.5m tons from single-family households Discarded containers -- cans, bottles, jars Brush and yard waste Bulky items (old furniture, appliances, mattresses, etc.) Other: food waste, tires, paints, solvents, batteries, electronics

1.7m tons from Business/Industries/Apartments Apartments – very similar to single-family, less yard waste Businesses/Industries – varies widely

Restaurants – food scraps, grease/grit, paper, cardboard, containers

Office buildings – primarily paper

Landscapers/construction: yard waste, lumber, sheet rock, masonry, etc

Manufacturing / Industry - everything imaginable

Government facilities - primarily paper wastes from schools, post offices, courthouses, etc

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BACKGROUND: WHAT’S IN OUR 2.2M TONS?

2.2M TONS OF “WASTE” OR “RESOURCES”?

Like most communities over the last century, we have buried much of these resources in landfills. Solid waste planning focuses on maximizing re-use and minimizing burial of these resources.

ROUGHLY 85% IS RE-USABLE !

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Chemical, 1% Soil, 1% Ceramics, 2% Misc, 2%

Textiles, 5%

Wood, 6%

Food, 9%

Metal, 5%

Yard Trimmings, 20%

Recyclable Paper, 36%

Plastic, 8%

Glass, 5%

Typical municipal solid waste characterization, EPA 2001

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANNING Federal government requires states to have plans and

regulations to manage waste

Cities must either: Comply with their State’s plan (as refined regionally, here, by

North Central Texas Council of Governments (NCTCOG)) OR Create and accept a local plan that:

Is consistent with regional and state plans Meets the specific needs and goals of the city

Long-term planning now not only keeps us from running out of

landfill space, but maximizes the benefits from the re-usable waste stream

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State of Texas’ plan is broad by nature and intended to accommodate the entire state Small, rural communities Large, ultra-urban communities like Dallas, Houston, and San

Antonio Every other Texas community in between

NCTCOG regional plan Less broad than the state plan Intended to accommodate the 16-county North Central Texas

region (from small, rural Somervell and Rockwall Counties to much more intensely developed Dallas and Tarrant Counties and everything in between)

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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANNING

WHY HAVE A LOCAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN?

We need our own plan – to serve as a long-term road map Mayor’s Task Force on Recycling suggested the need for a plan in 2003 Basic framework has evolved for several years through development and

implementation of progressive, strategic programs

Local, long-term planning now Builds upon the basic framework of programs already implemented and sets

the course for the future Keeps us from running out of landfill space – neither the state nor regional

plan is as focused on Dallas as a local would be Maximizes Dallas’ benefit from the re-usable waste stream

Dallas has a history of progressive and strategic solid waste programs OneDAY Dallas – once-weekly recycling and once-weekly garbage collection Monthly residential brush/bulk waste collection Electronics waste disposal and recycling Don’t Bag It – residents mulch their grass clippings, not dispose Recycling drop-off centers across the city Household Chemical Collection – periodic events and a permanent

collection center 10

Most importantly, it’s our job Protection of the public health and environment is the City’s

responsibility

Ineffective management of waste disposal has historically led to public health hazards (i.e., the illnesses and disease linked to waste buried in Love Canal in 1970s)

In addition, it is consistent with and builds upon our record of sustainability and provides a strategic, 50-year blueprint for developing programs to: Promote higher quality of life

Spur economic development

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WHY HAVE A LOCAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN?

Plan development timeline

Aug 2010 – City awarded grant from North Central Texas Council of Governments (NCTCOG) to develop a local plan

Feb 2011 – Council hires consultant to assist in plan

Feb-Nov 2011 – City, consultant, and Solid Waste Advisory Committee draft the plan

Nov 2011 - Draft plan submitted to Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) for review

Apr 2012 - TCEQ approved draft plan

August 14, 2012 - Briefing to Transportation and Environment Committee on Plan

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DALLAS’ LOCAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN

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Establishes baseline conditions through assessment of the current solid waste system Residential waste collection (City equipment, manpower, and related resources)

Non-residential waste collection by private haulers

City facilities: McCommas Bluff Landfill and three waste transfer stations

Existing City programs for waste diversion (recycling, yard waste, scrap tires, electronics waste, etc)

Considers future growth and development of Dallas

Integrates input from the community in formulating vision and goals

Describes various methodologies for managing waste now and in future

Sets achievable goals that are consistent with Dallas’ priorities (Clean, Healthy Environment and Efficient, Effective, and Economical Government) while allowing flexibility to adjust as needed


Plan goals Primary aim is re-using resources – not burying waste Targets

40% re-used instead of buried by 2020 60% re-used instead of buried by 2030 “Zero Waste” by 2040

It will take a genuine change in culture Burying waste is not a long-term sustainable practice Each waste item has value – to be recovered for beneficial re-use Change mindset from disposable society Landfill ceases to be a common disposal option

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ZERO-WASTE Is the ultimate goal of the plan Is achievable through progressively-tiered steps over next 30

years Voluntary and mandatory elements Extensive education, outreach, and training for businesses and

residents Can be accelerated through Public-Private Partnerships

Requires maximum resource recovery - which decreases landfill footprint

Strives for 80 - 90% re-use, leaving 10 – 20% to be disposed of in the landfill and drastically reducing landfill operations

Provides opportunities to convert recovered resources into Electricity Vehicle fuel Industrial fuel Other recyclables (paper, plastics, glass, etc.) that can be re-purposed

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ZERO-WASTE – STEPS TO GET THERE

10 steps recommended in Plan to achieve “Zero Waste” status 1) Recycle at apartments and businesses: Require waste haulers to provide recycling services to all of their customers

2) Start separating recyclables and yard waste in trash collection

3) Initiate composting program for all organic wastes (yard trimmings, food, etc.)

4) Require recycling of construction debris by ordinance

5) Promote “extended producer responsibility” for products sold at local retailers (such as electronics take-back programs)

6) Provide for bulk item reuse and recycling (ie, appliances, furniture)

7) Initiate and nurture a social marketing’ campaign to keep community informed

8) Provide education and technical assistance with each initiative

9) Construct a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) to segregate and market recyclables from the waste stream

10) Develop a Resource Recovery Park to convert waste products to energy 16

Example near-term initiatives (1 to 5 years) Plastic bag initiative

Plastic bags are a significant component of street, stream, and shoreline litter First banned in San Francisco (2007), also banned in a number of cities

including Los Angeles, Seattle, Austin, and the state of Hawaii Polystyrene Foam (commonly referred to as “Styrofoam”) cup initiative

Styrofoam cups are non-biodegradable (up to 500 years to decompose) Completely banned in China and at least a dozen of U.S. cities either have

banned or are working on bans Composting food and yard wastes – produces cost-effective materials for

parks, gardens, and yards or can be used to generate biogas Expand recycling to businesses and apartments

Businesses and apartments represent 77% of the Dallas waste stream (1.7 m tons of the 2.2 m tons annually)

This is a highly significant volume of re-usable resources to be diverted from landfills

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DESTINATION: ZERO-WASTE (AND BEYOND)

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Achieving the goal of Zero Waste by or before 2040 requires progressive actions

Current Initiatives

• Landfill Biotechnology • Landfill Gas Recovery • Construction waste “up-cycling”

Basic Resource Recovery

• Composting • Plastic Bag Initiative • Extend Recycling to Businesses, Multi-Family

Advanced Waste

Diversion

• Advanced waste-sorting to maximize recycling • Converting waste to electricity and/or other fuels

RECOMMENDATION

Accept the Local Solid Waste Management Plan: Meet our federal and state obligations to

manage our municipal solid waste

Keep our city clean and healthy

Promote best environmental practices

Maintain low sanitation fees

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NEXT STEPS

Seek full Council acceptance of Local Solid Waste Management Plan on August 22, 2012

Obtain final TCEQ and NCTCOG acceptance of final Plan

Schedule future Transportation and Environment Committee briefings on: Plastic bag and styrofoam cup initiatives Composting program Recycling programs for apartments and businesses

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APPENDIX

SOLID WASTE ADVISORY COMMITTEE*

Sam Barrett, TCEQ Solid Waste Section, Region 4 Greta Calvery, Waste Management Kathy Carlton, Apartment Association of Greater Dallas Erin Gorman, TCEQ Solid Waste Section, Region 4 Kathleen Graham, NCTCOG planner Susan Gregory Dreschler, DFW Green Alliance Lora Hinchcliff, Living Earth Linda Koop, City of Dallas Councilmember, Council District 11 Darryl Martin , Dallas County Administrator Rick Peters, GreenStar Recycling Fran Phillips, Keep Dallas Beautiful Wendell Withrow, Dallas Sierra Club Support to the Committee provided by Sanitation Services staff and consultant _______________________________ * Committee followed state rules under 30 TAC 330.639 22

SOLID WASTE ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Committee met formally on May 26, 2011

Committee held (announced) Public Meeting on July 14, 2011 to accept input on draft Plan

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HIGHLIGHTS OF DALLAS LOCAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN

CURRENT AND PLANNED WASTE DIVERSION

Generator 2011 2020 2030 2040 Single Family Diversion 160,000 171,000 185,000 198,000

Single Family Disposal 378,000 406,000 437,000 469,000

Multi-family Disposal 534,000 573,000 617,000 662,000

Commercial Disposal 1,261,000 1,354,000 1,458,000 1,563,000

Total Disposal 2,173,000 2,333,000 2,512,000 2,694,000 Total Generation 2,333,000 2,504,000 2,697,000 2,892,000

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(tons)

PLANNED WASTE DIVERSION - 2020

Single Family Multifamily Commercial Total

Diversion (tons) 275,000 195,000 541,000 1,011,000

Disposal (tons) 302,000 378,000 813,000 1,493,000

Diversion rate 48% 34% 40% 40%

Generation (tons)

577,000 573,000 1,354,000 2,504,000

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Increase Voluntary Programs



Diversion (tons) 458,000 401,000 997,000 1,856,000

Disposal (tons) 164,000 216,000 461,000 841,000


Generation (tons)

622,000 617,000 1,458,000 2,697,000

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Implement Mandatory Requirements


Diversion (tons) 575,000 539,000 1,307,000 2,421,000

Disposal (tons) 92,000 123,000 257,000 472,000


Generation (tons)

667,000 662,000 1,564,000 2,893,000

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Process Residual Waste

Voluntary Programs 2012-2020 2012 - 2014

Task Participants

Social Marketing • Marketing plan • Media buys • Volunteer training • Outreach materials

School groups Business groups

Contract assistance (if needed)

City Facility Zero Waste • Establish City “Green Team” representing City departments • Department goal setting (e.g., 75% diversion) • Increase recycling and organics collection, decrease solid waste

collection • Quarterly report to Green Team on Department progress

City Green Team All Department Heads

Producer Responsibility • Develop Council Resolution to support Product Stewardship • Support Texas Product Stewardship Council • Promote voluntary take-back efforts with local retailers

City Green Team

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IMPLEMENTATION TASKS

Voluntary Programs 2012-2020 2012 – 2014 (continued)

Task Participants

Commercial Technical Assistance • Facilitate quarterly meetings with commercial service providers to identify specific

generators for technical assistance (such as restaurants and large generators) • Share information on priority generators • Concentrate activities on generators without recycling or organics collection

Commercial generators

Commercial service providers

Organics Collection • Conduct pilot project providing weekly collection of source-separated organics,

including yard trimmings and food scraps

Generators in pilot area

Bulk Item Collection • Conduct pilot project providing on-call collection of bulk items for reuse and

recycling


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Voluntary Programs 2012-2020

2012 – 2014 (continued)

Task

Resource Recovery Park • Identify features of Resource Recovery Park, including new composting operation,

expanded self-haul drop-off facility for reuse and recycling (past fee gate, prior to tipping at landfill face), and new recyclables processing operation

• Develop basis of design

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IMPLEMENTATION TASKS Voluntary Programs 2012-2020

2015 – 2016

Task Participants

C&D ordinance • Consider new C&D ordinance • Hold stakeholder meetings • Consider developing new non-exclusive franchise agreements • Develop C&D ordinance

City Attorney C&D generators

C&D haulers

Commercial service provider requirements • Consider developing new non-exclusive franchise agreements requiring commercial haulers to provide

recycling services to all of their customers • Hold stakeholder meetings

City Attorney Commercial generators

Commercial haulers

Social Marketing • Provide Support to School and Community Organizations to assist with environmental stewardship,

outreach and education efforts


City Facility Zero Waste • Department technical assistance • Program monitoring • Quarterly report to the Green Team on Department progress

Green Team All Department Heads

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2015 – 2016 (continued)

Task Participants

Commercial Technical Assistance • Facilitate quarterly meetings with commercial generators and service providers to identify specific

generators for technical assistance (such as restaurants and large generators) • Target generators without recycling services • Set initial goal of 25 percent diversion for commercial sector • Monitor progress toward goal

Commercial generators Commercial service

providers

Product Stewardship • Monitor and support Texas Product Stewardship Council

Texas Product Stewardship Council

Organics Collection • Evaluate results of pilot and consider expansion


Bulk Item Collection • Evaluate results of pilot and consider expansion


Resource Recovery Park • Based on research and basis of design implement new reuse, recycling and composting activities

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2017 – 2018

Task Participants

Social Marketing • Hold business recycling recognition awards event • Green restaurant list published • Case studies published on website, newspaper, Chamber newspapers


City Facility Zero Waste • Department recycling recognition awards event • Program monitoring • Quarterly report to the Green Team on Department progress

Green Team All Department

Heads

Commercial Technical Assistance • Audit progress in obtaining 50% participation rate • Monitor and adjust program to achieve 75% participation



C&D Ordinance • Evaluate the effectiveness of C&D ordinance changes

C&D generators C&D haulers

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2019 – 2020

Task Participants

Social Marketing • Evaluate the effectiveness of Social Marketing Activities • Update Social Marketing tools


Contract assistance (if needed)

City Facility Zero Waste Activities • Evaluate the effectiveness of City Facility Zero Waste Activities • Implement new City Facility Zero Waste tasks, as developed

Green Team All Department

Heads

Commercial Technical Assistance • Evaluate the effectiveness of Commercial Technical Assistance Activities • Implement new Commercial Technical -Assistance tasks, as developed



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Mandatory Programs 2021-2030 2021 – 2025

Task Participants

Product Bans • Consider implementation of product bans, such as single-use plastic bags and

non-recyclable take-out packaging • Conduct research on bans or requirements applicable to the City • Hold stakeholder meetings • Report to City Council

City Attorney

Mandatory Recycling Ordinance • Consider implementation of mandatory recycling and composting requirements • Consider new mandatory recycling ordinance • Hold stakeholder meetings • Consider changes to non-exclusive franchise agreements • Develop mandatory ordinance



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Mandatory Programs 2021-2030 2021 – 2025 (continued)

Task Participants

Disposal Bans • Consider implementation of disposal bans, such as yard trimmings and

cardboard • Conduct research on bans or requirements applicable to the City • Hold stakeholder meetings • Report to City Council




Texas Product Stewardship

Council

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IMPLEMENTATION TASKS Mandatory Programs 2021-2030

2026 – 2030

Task Participants

Mixed Waste Processing • Conduct research on new residual waste processing technologies

Plan Update • Review regional and state priorities • Evaluate the Plan elements and identify modifications and updates • Identify improvements to recycling, organics, bulk item, technical assistance, and

social marketing programs


Texas Product Stewardship Council

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Process Residual Waste 2031-2040

2031 – 2040

Task

New Recycling and Organics Collection Activities

New Social Marketing Activities

New Technical Assistance Activities

New Materials Processing Activities

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