location based services presentation
TRANSCRIPT
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Location Based ServicesLocation Based Services
Mobile Communications Presentation
Cristina Estorninho João Neto
June, 2010
[http://www.goimiles.com/blog]
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Location Based ServicesLocation Based Services
Synopsis Introduction
What is Location Based Services1
Application Scenarios
Classification of LBS applications and services
LBS Communication Model
Geographic Information System2
Location Techniques
Global Position System3
Networked Based Positioning
Future developments
1 - Location Based Services is also referenced as LBS2 - Geographic Information System is also referenced as GIS3 - Global Position System is also referenced as GPS
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IntroductionIntroduction
Recent Technologies:
Mobile users can query their environment
Applications can monitor and track remote objects
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IntroductionIntroduction
With dwindling mobile services revenues of the mobile operators, location based services are seen as new growth area.
Typical LBS devices: Nokia mobile phone with Route66 routing software and Hewlett Packard
PDA with the WebPark Information System (courtesy of Swiss National Park)
[http://www.e-cartouche.ch]
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What is LBS?What is LBS?
Concept that denotes applications integrating geographic location (i.e., spatial coordinates) with the general notion of services.
[http://www.tariffman.co.uk]
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What is LBS?What is LBS?
Timeline:
[Source: Sumi Helal, University of Florida]
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What is LBS?What is LBS?
Components of LBS:
[http://www.telecomcircle.com]
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What is LBS?What is LBS?
Horizontal Market Mobile location information is and has
always been an integral part of the business.
Airports
Taxi Companies
Police
Emergency
High-value goods delivery
Vertical Market Mobile location information is a new
and added value to existing services.
Asset Tracking
Child Tracking
Automated tool
Tourist security
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Application scenariosApplication scenarios
Military and government industries:
GPS Navigation
Target tracking
Reconnaissance and Map Creation
Emergency services: Emergency telephone numbers
Commercial sector: Advertising
Fleet management
Social networking[http://www.blackberry.com]
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Classification of LBS applicationsClassification of LBS applications
Person-oriented:
User-based services
Usually controlled by the user
[http://www.navizon.com]
Buddy Finder application
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Classification of LBS applicationsClassification of LBS applications
Device-oriented:
Applications external to the user
Usually not controlled by the user
[http://www.trailmycar.webege.com]
Trailmycar application
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Classification of LBS servicesClassification of LBS services
[http://gadgetophilia.com]
Push-Services:
user receives information as a result of his or her whereabouts without having to actively request it.
[http://www.blackberry.com]
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Classification of LBS servicesClassification of LBS services
Pull-Services:
user actively uses an application and, in this context, ‘‘pulls’’ information from the network.
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LBS Communication ModelLBS Communication Model
Positioning Layer: Responsible for calculating the
position of a mobile device or user.
Middleware Layer: Reduces the complexity of service
integration services added in the future
Establishes one single connection to the network
Mitigates and controls all locat
Application Layer: Comprises all services that request
location data to integrate into their offering
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Spatial databasesSpatial databases
Spatial Database Systems:
Database containing sets of objects and not images or pictures of a space.
Provides a base technology for GIS and other applications
[http://www.mcc.cmu.ac.th]
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Geographic Information SystemsGeographic Information Systems
GIS – Geographic Information Systems:
Hardware: data collection and data analysis.
Software: creating, editing and analyzing spatial and attribute data.
Data: information as the coordinate system, when the data was created, when it was last updated, etc.
Trained personnel: people knowledgeable in spatial analysis and skilled in using GIS software.
[http://latlabrafael.wordpress.com]
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Location CategoriesLocation Categories
Location categories:
Tracking: locate an object by request.
Positioning: system of transmitters or beacons that sends out radio, infrared, or ultrasound signals for others to receive and obtain their position.
[http://www.erpsoftwarebusiness.com]
[http://bb.ustc.edu.cn]
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Location TechniquesLocation Techniques
Location Techniques:
Cell of Origin (COO) Time of Arrival (TOA) Angle of Arrival (AOA)
Measure of signal strength Processing video data
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Location TechniquesLocation Techniques
Location Techniques:
Triangulation Trillateration Trasversing
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GPS – Global Positioning SystemGPS – Global Positioning System
Satellite Navigation:
Advantages: Positioning all around the globe
Environmental conditions independent
Highly precise position aquisition
Disadvantages: High costs with launch and
maintenance of satellites.
Indoor positioning not possible[http://www.nokia.com]
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GPS – Global Positioning SystemGPS – Global Positioning System
Principles of Satellite Navigation:
Exact position and distance to the satellites are needed
A minimum of three satellites are needed for triangulation
A list of working satellites is downloaded to the devices
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GPS – Global Positioning SystemGPS – Global Positioning System
GPS segments:
User segment
Space segment
Control segment
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GPS – Global Positioning SystemGPS – Global Positioning System
GPS distorting effects:
Clock errors Orbit fluctuations
[http://www.kowoma.de]
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GPS – Global Positioning SystemGPS – Global Positioning System
GPS distorting effects:
Atmosphere errors Multipath errors
[http://westone.wa.gov.au] [http://www.gta.ufrj.br]
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Network Based PositioningNetwork Based Positioning
GSM - Global System for Mobile Communications:
Highly available around the world
Covers a large geographic area
Large number of mobile users
[http://www.forumtelemoveis.com]
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Network Based PositioningNetwork Based Positioning
MPS – Mobile Positioning System:
Precise positioning among large cells
Cooperates with standard GSM systems
Minimal modifications for installation at the communication infrastructure
[http://www.ericsson.com]
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Network Based PositioningNetwork Based Positioning
MPS position determination techniques:
Cell of Global Identity (CGI) Segment antennas Timing advance (TA)
Uplink Time of Arrival (UL-TOA)
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Network Based PositioningNetwork Based Positioning
UMTS – Universal Mobile Telecommunications Technology
Increased the use of data services
”Always-on” connection delivers flexibility
Higher data transfer rates will benefit LBS
[http://www.ukrtelecom.ua]
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LBS Future developmentsLBS Future developments
Major challenges: Technological barriers (standardization)
Privacy and security issues
Quality of Service (QoS) problems
Access to location information
Advanced LBS middleware development for rapid creation of applications
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Q & AQ & A
Thank You!Thank You!
Q & AQ & A