lock performance by wesley w. wilson university of oregon and iwr
TRANSCRIPT
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Lock Performance
ByWesley W. Wilson
University of Oregon and IWR
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Purpose of StudyThe inland waterway consists of the river and a series of locks and dams that allow the river to be navigated.The capacity and use of the waterway depends on lock performance.There is a wealth of information on locks and lock performance which can be used to estimate the effects of particular lock characteristics on performance.
PurposeTo develop and estimate a model of lock performance as a function
of lock and “flotilla” characteristics.
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LocksLocks: Necessary to make the river navigatable.
River
Lock
River
Pool 1
Pool 2
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Flotillas and LockagesA flotilla consists of a power vessel and a set of barges which have different configurations and dimensions.Locks have a fixed set of dimensions.Single Lockage: Flotilla can pass through in one “cut”.Double Lockage: Flotilla must take two cuts to pass through the lock.
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Single LockageApproach the lockEnter the chamberGates closeLock is filled (or emptied)Open gatesExit the lock.
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Double LockageApproach the lockEnter the chamberUncouple and back out second cut (*)Close gatesFill (empty) the lock chamberOpen gatesFirst cut exits (*)Close gates (*)Fill (empty) the lock chamber (*)Open gates (*)Second cut enters lock chamber (*)Close gates (*)Fill (empty) the lock chamber (*)Open gates (*)Recouple the tow (*)Exit
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Lock CharacteristicsAgeDimensions (length and width)Gate TypesNumber of chambersLift
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Upper Miss LocksAge
29 LocksYear opened ranges from 1922 – 1990
Decade Opened
0 5 10 15 20 25
20s
30s
40s
50s
60s
90s
Dec
ade
Ope
ned
Number of Locks Opened
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Lock Length
Length of Locks
1 3 1
21
3
0
10
20
30
360 400 500 600 1200
Length
Num
ber
of Locks
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Lock DimensionsStandard Lock on UMISS is 110 by 600.
_______________________________________________ Width
Length 56 110 Total
400 3 0 3 500 0 1 1 600 0 22 21
1200 0 3 3
Total 3 26 29
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Lift Lift Freq. Percent5 1 3.456 1 3.457 1 3.458 4 13.799 4 13.7910 4 13.7911 3 10.3412 2 6.9015 2 6.9016 1 3.4521 1 3.4524 1 3.4525 1 3.4538 2 6.9049 1 3.45
Total 29 100.00
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Flotilla CharacteristicsFlotilla is a tow-barge configuration that passes through a lock. In 2000, there were about 69,989 flotillas on the UMiss that were used in the analysis.
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Flotilla DataOver 69,000 observations (flotillas are tow/barge passages through a lock)Characteristics:Number of barges per flotilla:
21850
39969
8170
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000
<=6
7-15
>15
Series1
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Flotilla DataFlotilla Lengths
17392
52573
24
0 20000 40000 60000
<600
601-1200
>1200
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Flotilla Width
12305
57647
35
0 20000 40000 60000 80000
<=56
57-110
>110
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Flotilla Draft
16112
1110
46909
5858
0 20000 40000 60000
3 or less
3 to 6
6-9
Greater than 9
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CharacteristicsNumber of cuts1-33,945 (48.5%)2-36,043 (51.5%)
Up and Down River Cuts35,319 Down River34,670 Up River
Day versus Night38,481 (55%) Day
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Cuts and Month
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
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Lockage TypesTYPE Number Percent
C - Consecutive 35,560 51 J - Jackknife 9 0K - Knockout 6,231 9 S - Straight 26,894 38 T - Barge Transfer 68 0 V - Set over 1,224 2 Z - Other 3 0
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Mechanical AssistType Number Percent I - Tow with Bow Thrusters 70 0J - Tow haulage (e.g., winch) 23186 33
(e.g., winch, kevel)K – Hydraulic 11474 16N – Tow and Barge equip 780 1
(e.g., winch, kevel) None 34694 50
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Processing Time(End of lockage-Start of Lockage-Stoppage)
Mean 77 minutes50% 79 minutes
0.0
05
.01
.01
5
De
nsity
0 50 100 150 200(mean) tot_pro
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Lock Length and Processing Time
0 20 40 60 80 100
360
500
1200
Lock L
ength
Minutes
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Lock Times-Size and CutsLock Minutes
All Single Multiple400-56 29 29 .500-110 43 43 108600-110 92 39 1101200-110 49 48 .
All 78 42 110
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Econometric ModelTime = f(Lock, Flotilla, Vessel, Passage, Time of day)
Lock: Dummies for width and lengthLiftAge
Flotilla: Length, width, number of bargesVessel: Horse power and dummy for tugboat or not.Passage: Dummies for single or double cuts
Dummy for “first in queue” or notTime of day: Dummy for night or day.
Unobserved factors: River conditions, lockmaster rules.
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Results-Lock Types (R2=83)Lock (600 by 110 base) 1200 by 110 -.2779012 .0061766 -44.99 400 by 56 -.4273209 .0085801 -49.80 500 by 110 -.0983614 .0077284 -12.73
log_lift .1643288 .004017 40.91log_age .0649217 .0028885 22.48
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Flotilla Effectslog-length .6141746 .0079148 77.60
log_width .0086608 .0085224 1.02
log_area/NUMBAR -.0982405 .0078662 -12.49
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Vessel Effects
v_hp .0311656 .0069811 4.46v_length -.0580582 .008854 -6.56v_brea~h -.0324201 .0145776 -2.22v_age .0383967 .003187 12.05v_draft .2432245 .0070532 34.48tugboat -.0063391 .002503 -2.53
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Passage Resultsmult .5943969 .0044403 133.86daytime -.056563 .0020391 -27.74q_1 .194837 .0022855 85.25upriver -.0717073 .0020738 -34.58