Locomotion, Chronophotography, Colour Photography

AWQ4MIMrs. E. Kalinowski

• Technical (photographic) innovations of the 19th century changed the way people saw objects/people– People couldn’t “see” things happening at a

fraction of a second…the human eye was inadequate

• “spark exposures” at 1/100,000 of a second– An early version of the flash– Made to capture people walking, water dripping

A horse

A railway builder

A photographer A scandalous love triangle

Eadweard Muybridge, Galloping Horse, Motion Study – Sallie Gardner, 1878

That’s me!

The Bet: does a horse’s feet leave the ground as it runs?

24 cameras faced the horse racing. Threads connected to electric switches lay across the race track.

Horse raced through, pulled threads, snapshot was taken at 1/2000 of a sec.

Muybridge accused of killing his wife’s lover, went on trial, acquitted in 1874 of murder, and fled San Francisco until 1877

Ottomar Anschutz, Storks, 1882

Developed a folding hand camera with a focal-plane shutter that allowed exposures at 1/1000 second

Photos of storks nesting & in-flight amazed scientists

Improved upon Muybridge’s locomotion studies (faster) and developed photos in motion that could be seen by many at once

Anschutz made photos of projectiles in flight at Krupps Weapons Plant

Thomas Eakins, Jesse Godley, 1884

Eakins (realist painter) met Muybridge (photographer) and they became colleagues/BFFs

Used Galloping Horse to influence his painting and teaching in Philadelphia, USA

Asked Muybridge to include measurements in his work so artists could replicate it more easily

Used wheel/disk camera to record on 1 plate

In 1883, Eakins (realist painter) met Muybridge (photographer) and they became colleagues/BFFs

Etienne-Jules Marey, Schenkel, High Jump, 1886

A scientist, physiologist seeking concrete/measurable facts to analyze human/animal movement

A mechanical device attached the subject to a wire with a pen. Subject’s movement activated the pen to draw on paper how the subject moved.

Quest: to picture a body’s “all at oneness” to display all moving parts of the body