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Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology http://genfringe.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/image22.jpg Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology http://cfile24.uf.tistory.com/image/274F0F4151CA334934964E

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

How tall are you?

5.4 ft What?

http://cdn-media-2.lifehack.org/wp-content/files/2012/12/improve-communications.jpg

for communication

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

LOD 표준은 왜 한가?

http://melissaagnes.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Important-Stamp.jpg

http://fadyart.com/en/images/stories/rdf.png

http://onlinehtmltools.com/images/html-decode.png

HTML Linked Data

a way that can be

read automatically

by computers

to create visible

and audible web

pages for human <

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

어떤 표준들이 있나요?

Linked Data를 구축하고 활용하기 위해 기본적으로 지켜야 하는

W3C의 표준들

용어집과 같이 필수적으로 지켜야 하는 것들은 아니지만 활용성을 높이기 위해 지켜야 하는 표준들

강한 표준 약한 표준

http://cfile22.uf.tistory.com/image/27149F3451DF573C067D01

http://cfile24.uf.tistory.com/image/267DAE34521420D40281C0

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

W3C의 LOD 관련 표준

http://www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

Category Date Recommendation

RDF

2014-02-25 RDF Schema 1.1

2014-02-25 RDF 1.1 XML Syntax

2014-02-25 RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax

2014-02-25 RDF 1.1 Turtle

2014-02-25 RDF 1.1 N-Quads

2014-02-25 RDF 1.1 N-Triples

2014-02-25 RDF 1.1 Semantics

2014-02-25 RDF 1.1 TriG

2014-01-16 JSON-LD 1.0 Processing Algorithms and API

2014-01-16 JSON-LD 1.0

2013-10-29 Internationalization Tag Set (ITS) Version 2.0

2012-12-11 rdf:PlainLiteral: A Datatype for RDF Plain Literals (Second Edition)

2004-02-10 RDF Semantics

2004-02-10 RDF Test Cases

2004-02-10 Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract Syntax

2004-02-10 RDF Primer

RDFa

2013-08-22 RDFa Core 1.1 - Second Edition

2013-08-22 XHTML+RDFa 1.1 - Second Edition

2013-08-22 HTML+RDFa 1.1

2012-06-07 RDFa Lite 1.1

2008-10-14 RDFa in XHTML: Syntax and Processing

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

Category Date Recommendation

GRDDL 2007-09-11 Gleaning Resource Descriptions from Dialects of Languages (GRDDL)

2007-09-11 GRDDL Test Cases

POWDER

2009-09-01 Protocol for Web Description Resources (POWDER): Grouping of Resources

2009-09-01 Protocol for Web Description Resources (POWDER): Description Resources

2009-09-01 Protocol for Web Description Resources (POWDER): Formal Semantics

Semantic Annotation for WS

DL and XML Schema 2007-08-28 Semantic Annotations for WSDL and XML Schema

Provenance

2013-04-30 PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model

2013-04-30 PROV-O: The PROV Ontology

2013-04-30 Constraints of the PROV Data Model

2013-04-30 PROV-N: The Provenance Notation

RDB2RDF 2012-09-27 R2RML: RDB to RDF Mapping Language

2012-09-27 A Direct Mapping of Relational Data to RDF

Linked Data

2014-02-25 RDF 1.1 Turtle

2014-01-16 JSON-LD 1.0 Processing Algorithms and API

2014-01-16 The RDF Data Cube Vocabulary

2014-01-16 Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT)

2014-01-16 The Organization Ontology

2014-01-16 JSON-LD 1.0

2013-10-29 Internationalization Tag Set (ITS) Version 2.0

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

Category Date Recommendation

OWL

Web Ontology Language

2013-02-05 RIF RDF and OWL Compatibility (Second Edition)

2012-12-11 OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Mapping to RDF Graphs (Second Edition)

2012-12-11 OWL 2 Web Ontology Language New Features and Rationale (Second Edition)

2012-12-11 OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Primer (Second Edition)

2012-12-11 OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Profiles (Second Edition)

2012-12-11 OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Quick Reference Guide (Second Edition)

2012-12-11 OWL 2 Web Ontology Language RDF-Based Semantics (Second Edition)

2012-12-11 OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Structural Specification and Functional-Style Syntax

(Second Edition)

2012-12-11 OWL 2 Web Ontology Language XML Serialization (Second Edition)

2012-12-11 OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Conformance (Second Edition)

2012-12-11 OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Direct Semantics (Second Edition)

2012-12-11 rdf:PlainLiteral: A Datatype for RDF Plain Literals (Second Edition)

2012-12-11 OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Document Overview (Second Edition)

2004-02-10 OWL Web Ontology Language Overview

2004-02-10 OWL Web Ontology Language Guide

2004-02-10 OWL Web Ontology Language Reference

2004-02-10 OWL Web Ontology Language Semantics and Abstract Syntax

2004-02-10 OWL Web Ontology Language Test Cases

2004-02-10 OWL Web Ontology Language Use Cases and Requirements

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

Category Date Recommendation

SKOS 2009-08-18 SKOS Simple Knowledge Organization System Reference

SPARQL

2013-03-21 SPARQL Query Results XML Format (Second Edition)

2013-03-21 SPARQL 1.1 Entailment Regimes

2013-03-21 SPARQL 1.1 Graph Store HTTP Protocol

2013-03-21 SPARQL 1.1 Protocol

2013-03-21 SPARQL 1.1 Query Language

2013-03-21 SPARQL 1.1 Service Description

2013-03-21 SPARQL 1.1 Update

2013-03-21 SPARQL 1.1 Federated Query

2013-03-21 SPARQL 1.1 Overview

2013-03-21 SPARQL 1.1 Query Results CSV and TSV Formats

2013-03-21 SPARQL 1.1 Query Results JSON Format

2008-01-15 SPARQL Query Language for RDF

2008-01-15 SPARQL Protocol for RDF

RIF

Rule Interchange Format

2013-02-05 RIF Basic Logic Dialect (Second Edition)

2013-02-05 RIF Core Dialect (Second Edition)

2013-02-05 RIF RDF and OWL Compatibility (Second Edition)

2013-02-05 RIF Datatypes and Built-Ins 1.0 (Second Edition)

2013-02-05 RIF Framework for Logic Dialects (Second Edition)

2013-02-05 RIF Production Rule Dialect (Second Edition)

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

기술적 아키텍쳐 관점에서의 표준

an elemental syntax

for content structure

within documents

a simple language

for expressing data models,

which refer to objects ("resources")

and their relationships

more vocabulary

for describing properties and classes

a vocabulary for describing

properties and classes

of RDF-based resources

a protocol and query

language

for semantic web data

sources

to exchange rules

between many

"rules languages"

a string of characters used to identify a name or a resource

http://ai.ia.agh.edu.pl/wiki/_media/hekate:semweb:sw_layer_cakes.png

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

URI (Uniform Resource Identifier)

Myungjin Lee

881002-1045617

identifier

name

resident registration number

http://www.semantics.kr/person/mjLee

identifier in the web

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

XML (Extensible Markup Language)

• 사람 뿐만 아니라 기계가 읽을 수 있는 형태로 데이터의 구조를 기술하기 위한 마크업 언어(markup language)

XML representation of “Myungjin Lee is Suji’s husband.”

<conjugalrelation>

<husband>Myungjin Lee</husband>

<wife>Suji</wife>

</conjugalrelation>

<conjugalrelation husband=“Myungjin Lee”>

<wife>Suji</wife>

</conjugalrelation>

<conjugalrelation husband=“Myungjin Lee” wife=“Suji” />

same contents, but different representation

We need a general method for conceptual description.

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

RDF (Resource Description Framework)

• 웹에 존재하는 개체(자원)에 대한 정보를 개념적으로 기술하기 위한 방법

has wife

http://semantics.kr/myungjinlee http://semantics.kr/suji http://semantics.kr/rel/hasWife

Subject

URI reference

Predicate

URI reference

Object

URI reference or Literal

Triple

http://www.vaio.or.kr/files/attach/images/9979/195/792/5d296375f2a6b1096cb062f22ee7e046.jpg

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

RDF Serialization

• N-Triples – RDF Test Cases, W3C Recommendation, 25 February 2014 – a line-based, plain text serialization format for storing and transmitting RDF data

• Notation 3 (N3)

– a shorthand non-XML serialization of RDF models, designed with human-readability in mind

– much more compact and readable than XML RDF notation

• Turtle (Terse RDF Triple Language)

– W3C Candidate Recommendation, 25 February 2014 – a format for expressing data in the Resource Description Framework (RDF) data

model – a subset of Notation3 (N3) language, and a superset of the minimal N-Triples format

• RDF/XML

– W3C Recommendation, 25 February 2014 – an XML syntax for writing down and exchanging RDF graphs

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Benn> <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title> "Tony Benn" .

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Benn> <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/publisher> "Wikipedia" .

<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"

xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Benn">

<dc:title>Tony Benn</dc:title>

<dc:publisher>Wikipedia</dc:publisher>

</rdf:Description>

</rdf:RDF>

@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>.

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Benn> dc:title "Tony Benn";

dc:publisher "Wikipedia".

@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .

@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .

@prefix ex: <http://example.org/stuff/1.0/> .

<http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar>

dc:title "RDF/XML Syntax Specification (Revised)" ;

ex:editor [ ex:fullname "Dave Beckett";

ex:homePage <http://purl.org/net/dajobe/>

] .

N-Triple

RDF/XML

N3

Turtle

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

RDFS (RDF Schema)

• 자원에 대한 정보를 기술할 수 있는 클래스(class)와 속성(property) 같은 구조를 정의하기 위한 방법

has wife

♂ ♀

is a is a

Male Female

Person subset of subset of

http://www.vaio.or.kr/files/attach/images/9979/195/792/5d296375f2a6b1096cb062f22ee7e046.jpg

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

OWL (Web Ontology Language)

• 온톨로지를 만들기 위해 지식을 기술하기 위한 언어

• RDFS에 비해 더 많은 표현력을 필요로 할 경우, – 예를 들어,

Man Woman ∩ = Ø

Person Person descendant

Person descendant

descendant

Husband Wife 1:1

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

SPARQL • RDF를 위한 질의 언어가 왜 필요한가?

– RDF 형태로 구축된 데이터로부터 원하는 지식을 획득하기 위한 방법을 제공

• SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language – RDF 형태로 저장된 데이터를 검색하고 처리하기 위한 방법을 제공

– HTTP를 통해 질의를 처리할 수 있는 방법을 제공

PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>

SELECT ?name ?email

WHERE {

?person a foaf:Person.

?person foaf:name ?name.

?person foaf:mbox ?email.

} RDF

Knowledge

Base

?name ?email

Myungjin Lee [email protected]

Gildong Hong [email protected]

Grace Byun [email protected]

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

R2RML • RDB to RDF Mapping Language

• W3C Recommendation 27 September 2012

• 관계형 데이터베이스에 저장된 데이터를 RDF 형태로 변환하기 위한 목적의 맵핑 규칙 언어

<http://data.example.com/employee/7369> rdf:type ex:Employee.

<http://data.example.com/employee/7369> ex:name "SMITH".

@prefix rr: <http://www.w3.org/ns/r2rml#>.

@prefix ex: <http://example.com/ns#>.

<#TriplesMap1>

rr:logicalTable [ rr:tableName "EMP" ];

rr:subjectMap [

rr:template "http://data.example.com/employee/{EMPNO}";

rr:class ex:Employee;

];

rr:predicateObjectMap [

rr:predicate ex:name;

rr:objectMap [ rr:column "ENAME" ];

].

R2RML

Result

RDB

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

RDFa (the Resource Description Framework in attributes)

• W3C Recommendation, 07 June 2012

• HTML, SVG, and XML과 같은 웹 문서에서 기계가 읽고 처리할 수 있는 형태로 데이터를 기술하기 위한 방법을 제공

Example<p vocab="http://schema.org/" resource="#manu" typeof="Person">

My name is

<span property="name">Manu Sporny</span>

and you can give me a ring via

<span property="telephone">1-800-555-0199</span>.

<img property="image" src="http://manu.sporny.org/images/manu.png" />

</p>

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

GRDDL (Gleaning Resource Descriptions from Dialects of Languages)

• XHTML을 포함하여 XML 문서 형태로 RDF 트리플을 수집 및 생성하기 위한 마크업 형식

<html xmlns:grddl='http://www.w3.org/2003/g/data-view#'

grddl:transformation="glean_title.xsl getAuthor.xsl">

<head>

<title>Are You Experienced?</title>

</head>

... <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0">

<xsl:template match="/">

<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">

<rdf:Description rdf:about="{$subject}">

<dc:title>

<xsl:value-of select="/html:html/html:head/html:title"/>

</dc:title>

</rdf:Description>

</rdf:RDF>

</xsl:template>

</xsl:stylesheet>

<rdf:RDF>

<rdf:Description rdf:about="">

<dc:title>Are You Experienced?</dc:title>

</rdf:Description>

</rdf:RDF>

HTML

glean_title.xsl

RDF

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

LOD 프로세스 관점에서의 표준

① 온톨로지 모델링

http://www.w3.org/Submission/OWL-S/Profile-Ontology-1.1ai.gif

http://assets.okfn.org/images/data-types.png

http://www.iconsdb.com/gray-icons/database-icon.html

http://icons.iconarchive.com/icons/hopstarter/sleek-xp-basic/256/User-Group-icon.png

② 인스턴스 구축

데이터베이스

③ 변환

트리플 저장소 ④ 저장

서비스 개발자

LOD 프레임워크

⑤ 발행

⑥ 활용

RDFS, OWL

RDB2RDF

RDF

SPARQL

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

LOD에서의 역할들

http://findicons.com/icon/24571/user_group

http://findicons.com/icon/102535/user

http://findicons.com/icon/102523/administrator

http://findicons.com/icon/102561/client_2

http://download.topquadrant.com/composer/images/blog/TopBraid-FOAF.png

http://db.cse.ohio-state.edu/images/db.png

http://lod.nl.go.kr/home/about/dataset.jsp

http://wifo5-03.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/pubby/images/pubby-architecture.png

응용서비스 개발

사용자 LOD서비스

구축 데이터 구축

모델링

변환

저장

발행

데이터 접근 서비스 접근

데이터 조회

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

데이터 구축자 관점에서의 표준

데이터 구축자

모델링 도구

온톨로지 모델링

RDF

https://s3.amazonaws.com/uploads.startups.fm/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/rule-fm-logo.png

변환 규칙 작성

RDF 변환

데이터베이스

R2RML

RDFS & OWL

URI & RDF

RDF Serialization

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

LOD 서비스 구축자 관점에서의 표준

LOD 서비스 제공자

RDF 적재

RDF

URI & RDF

RDF Serialization

SPARQL

트리플 저장소

데이터 연계

LOD 서비스 프레임워크

LOD 서비스

Linked Data Platform

발행

개발? 도입?

http://fc09.deviantart.net/fs70/i/2013/170/3/e/cute_speech_bubble_render_by_klleiachan-d69rv96.png

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

서비스 제공자 관점에서의 표준

• URI 관련 표준은 기본

• RDF 관련 표준 역시 기본

• RDFS는 기본, OWL은 그 만큼의 표현력이 필요하다면

• RDB2RDF는 필요에 따라

• SPARQL은 필수

• 추가적으로 LDP에 대한 표준도 거의 필수

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

서비스 제공자들이 흔히 놓치는 표준

• Describing Linked Datasets with the VoID Vocabulary

– 데이터 셋을 만들었으면 기본적인 설명은 필수!

• Cool URIs for the Semantic Web

– 단순한 URI 표준이라고 우습게 보지 마라.

– Content Negotiation 등 꼭 알아야 할 정보들이 많다.

• Protocol로써의 SPARQL

– HTTP를 활용한 SPARQL의 지원

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

응용서비스 개발자 관점에서의 표준

LOD 서비스

응용서비스 개발자

응용서비스 개발자

URI

RDF

Query Result

SPARQL

URI & RDF SPARQL

SPARQL Query Result Format

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

응용서비스 개발자 관점에서의 표준

• 역시 기본적인 RDF에 대한 이해는 필수

• 더 잘 쓰려면 SPARQL 정도는

• 데이터답게 쓰려면 구조를 이해해야 하니

RDFS와 OWL에 대한 이해도 있다면

• 그 외에는 필요에 따라

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

알아야 할 표준이 너무 많아요.

개인적인 에 의하면,

기본적인 내용의 표준

문법적인 내용의 표준

그 외 표준들

RDF Primer

RDF 1.1 Concepts

and Abstract Syntax

RDF 1.1 XML Syntax

RDF 1.1 Turtle

RDF 1.1 N-Triples

RDF 1.1 Turtle

RDF 1.1 Semantics

RDF Test Cases

http://bentleymasterminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Work-Experience-alexwhite.jpg

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

약한 표준

http://sioc-project.org/files/sioc_foaf_skos_small.png

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Sioc-logo.svg/2000px-Sioc-logo.svg.png

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/FoafLogo.svg/2000px-FoafLogo.svg.png

http://www.ecured.cu/images/a/a1/Dublin_Core.png

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_-REQ3wEST4I/S8vR5fRG0kI/AAAAAAAAAXE/Oz9DRiw8rq4/s320/bibliontology170.png

http://www.ucl.ac.uk/infostudies/research/knowledgeorganization/events/SKOS.jpg

http://www.dataversity.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2013/11/schema-org1.jpg

http://www.isophonics.net/hotttabs/img/logos/Mo-logo-big.jpg

http://www.oclc.org/content/dam/oclc/common/images/logos/new/OCLC/OCLC_Logo_H_Color_NoTag.png

데이터의 웹에서 반드시 따라야 하는 규약은 아니지만, 보다 데이터를 잘 활용할 수 있도록 지원하기 위해

통상적으로 활용되는 용어집들

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

약한 표준까지 지켜야 하나?

http://img2.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20130208151201/clubpenguin/images/d/d9/Bunch_of_5_Carrots.png

http://thecontentwrangler.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/User.png

http://icons.iconarchive.com/icons/hopstarter/sleek-xp-basic/256/User-Group-icon.png

이명진 moniker

홍길동

foaf:name

이하은

foaf:name

김하늘

foaf:name

서비스 개발자

사람들의 이름을 얻기 위해서는?

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

약한 표준의 적용 방법

• 온톨로지 모델링 및 데이터 구축 시 범용 어휘집의 적극적인 도입 검토

• 인터링킹(interlinking)을 통한 용어들 사이의 관계 정의

어떤 용어집을

재사용할 수 있을까?

사람

foaf:Person

owl:equivalentClass

schema:Person

owl:equivalentClass

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

W3C의 표준은 필수

범용적 용어집은 덤으로

http://phoenixfundingsource.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/shutterstock_150064880.jpg

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

Dr. Myungjin Lee

e-Mail : [email protected]

Facebook : http://www.facebook.com/mjinlee

SlideShare : http://www.slideshare.net/onlyjiny/

Linkedin : http://linkedin.com/pub/myungjin-lee

http://www.beauticians.nl/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/contact1.jpg