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Page 1: Logarithmic, Exponential, and Other Transcendental Functions...2015/12/05  · Integrals Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions The derivatives of the six inverse trigonometric

5

Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 

Logarithmic, Exponential, and Other Transcendental Functions

Page 2: Logarithmic, Exponential, and Other Transcendental Functions...2015/12/05  · Integrals Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions The derivatives of the six inverse trigonometric

Inverse Trigonometric Functions: Integration

Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 

5.7

Page 3: Logarithmic, Exponential, and Other Transcendental Functions...2015/12/05  · Integrals Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions The derivatives of the six inverse trigonometric

• Integrate functions whose antiderivatives involve inverse trigonometric functions.

• Use the method of completing the square to integrate a function.

• Review the basic integration rules involving elementary functions.

Objectives

Page 4: Logarithmic, Exponential, and Other Transcendental Functions...2015/12/05  · Integrals Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions The derivatives of the six inverse trigonometric

Integrals Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Page 5: Logarithmic, Exponential, and Other Transcendental Functions...2015/12/05  · Integrals Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions The derivatives of the six inverse trigonometric

Find the derivative:

Page 6: Logarithmic, Exponential, and Other Transcendental Functions...2015/12/05  · Integrals Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions The derivatives of the six inverse trigonometric

So what is the integral of ?4

Page 7: Logarithmic, Exponential, and Other Transcendental Functions...2015/12/05  · Integrals Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions The derivatives of the six inverse trigonometric

Integrals Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Why is there only 3 formulas instead of 6?

Page 8: Logarithmic, Exponential, and Other Transcendental Functions...2015/12/05  · Integrals Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions The derivatives of the six inverse trigonometric

Integrals Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions

The derivatives of the six inverse trigonometric functions fall into three pairs. In each pair, the derivative of one function is the negative of the other. 

For example,

and

 

Page 9: Logarithmic, Exponential, and Other Transcendental Functions...2015/12/05  · Integrals Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions The derivatives of the six inverse trigonometric

Integrals Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions

The derivatives of the six inverse trigonometric functions fall into three pairs. In each pair, the derivative of one function is the negative of the other. 

*So we don't need these since they are just the negatives of the other three.

Page 10: Logarithmic, Exponential, and Other Transcendental Functions...2015/12/05  · Integrals Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions The derivatives of the six inverse trigonometric

When listing the antiderivative that corresponds to each of the inverse trigonometric functions, you need to use only one member from each pair. 

It is conventional to use arcsin x as the antiderivative                            of                       rather than –arccos x. 

Integrals Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Page 11: Logarithmic, Exponential, and Other Transcendental Functions...2015/12/05  · Integrals Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions The derivatives of the six inverse trigonometric

Example – Integration with Inverse Trigonometric Functions

a)

b)

c)

Page 12: Logarithmic, Exponential, and Other Transcendental Functions...2015/12/05  · Integrals Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions The derivatives of the six inverse trigonometric

Example – Integration with Inverse Trigonometric Functions

u = x,  a = 2

Page 13: Logarithmic, Exponential, and Other Transcendental Functions...2015/12/05  · Integrals Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions The derivatives of the six inverse trigonometric

Completing the Square

Page 14: Logarithmic, Exponential, and Other Transcendental Functions...2015/12/05  · Integrals Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions The derivatives of the six inverse trigonometric

Completing the SquareCompleting the square helps when quadratic functions are involved in the integrand. 

For example, the quadratic x2 + bx + c can be written as the difference of two squares by adding and subtracting (b/2)2.

Page 15: Logarithmic, Exponential, and Other Transcendental Functions...2015/12/05  · Integrals Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions The derivatives of the six inverse trigonometric

Example  – Completing the Square

                     

Page 16: Logarithmic, Exponential, and Other Transcendental Functions...2015/12/05  · Integrals Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions The derivatives of the six inverse trigonometric

Example – Solution

Now, in this completed square form, let u = x – 2 and a =      .

Solution:

You can write the denominator as the sum of two squares, as follows.

   x2 – 4x + 7 = (x2 – 4x + 4) – 4 + 7

                     = (x – 2)2 + 3 

Page 17: Logarithmic, Exponential, and Other Transcendental Functions...2015/12/05  · Integrals Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions The derivatives of the six inverse trigonometric

Review of Basic Integration Rules

Page 18: Logarithmic, Exponential, and Other Transcendental Functions...2015/12/05  · Integrals Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions The derivatives of the six inverse trigonometric

Review of Basic Integration Rules

You have now completed the introduction of the basic integration rules. To be efficient at applying these rules, you should have practiced enough so that each rule is committed to memory.

Page 19: Logarithmic, Exponential, and Other Transcendental Functions...2015/12/05  · Integrals Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions The derivatives of the six inverse trigonometric

Review of Basic Integration Rulescont’d

Page 20: Logarithmic, Exponential, and Other Transcendental Functions...2015/12/05  · Integrals Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions The derivatives of the six inverse trigonometric

Quotient in an integral:1. Can it easily simplify (factor, cancel, etc.)?

2. Can you split it up into more than one fraction?

3. Will the answer be an ln (is the derivative of the denominator in the 

     numerator)?

4. Will the answer be one of the arc trig functions?

5. Can you use u­substitution? (Remember: if an ln or an arc 

     trig function is in an integral, it must be "u" or a part of "u.")

6. Will long division (or synthetic division) do the job?

Page 21: Logarithmic, Exponential, and Other Transcendental Functions...2015/12/05  · Integrals Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions The derivatives of the six inverse trigonometric

Example – Comparing Integration ProblemsFind as many of the following integrals as you can using the formulas and techniques you have studied so far in the text.

Page 22: Logarithmic, Exponential, and Other Transcendental Functions...2015/12/05  · Integrals Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions The derivatives of the six inverse trigonometric

Example – Solution

a. You can find this integral (it fits the Arcsecant Rule).

b. You can find this integral (it fits the Power Rule).

c. You cannot find this integral using the techniques you have studied so far.

Page 23: Logarithmic, Exponential, and Other Transcendental Functions...2015/12/05  · Integrals Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions The derivatives of the six inverse trigonometric

Let’s practice some problems!Now let’s do some of the problems from section 5.7:

#8, 18, 20, 28, 32, 42

(Skip #15 on assignment.)

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Page 29: Logarithmic, Exponential, and Other Transcendental Functions...2015/12/05  · Integrals Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions The derivatives of the six inverse trigonometric