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Logging Camps
Grade Level • Grade 11&12
Main Idea Logging camps were a popular place for men to work in the 1900’s. Even though there was long days, dismal resources and tasteless food, men poured into the area because the jobs were endless and wages were better than what other occupations offered. Subjects Covered
• English Language Arts 11 and 12 • Social Studies 11 • History 12
Objectives Students will be able to describe:
• The economy in the early 1900’s • What the working day consisted of in the 1900’s • The general operations of a logging camp
Teacher Notes No prior knowledge of logging camps is needed to successfully present this lesson plan. Materials
• “Early 1900’s” handout • “Camp Life” handout • “Reading Questions” handout • “Student Assignment” handout • “Logger Lingo” handout
Vocabulary Cook Shanty: A building were a cook would prepare meals for a logging crew Fallers: Men who saw down trees. Teamsters: Men who work the horse the haul logs out of the forest.
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Outline 1. Distribute the “Early 1900’s” photo to each student.
a. Do not tell class what the photo is of.
2. Give students 5 minutes to analyze the photo and write down their thoughts.
3. After 5 minutes take comments from students regarding the photo. Their thoughts of what it is and what it means.
4. Once discussion is over have students put away the “Early 1900’s” handout so they can
not see it.
5. Distribute the “Camp Life” handout to each student and have them skim over the reading.
6. After reading the “Camp Life” handout, have students look at the “Early 1900’s” handout again.
7. Ask students if their view or knowledge of the photo has changed. If so, discuss how and why.
8. Divide class into groups of 2 or 3 and hand out “Reading Questions” to each group.
9. Once each group has answered all the questions have a class discussion on each question. a. Question 1
i. The importance of logging camps. b. Question 2
i. Economy of the early 1900’s. c. Question 3
i. Hours the men worked in the logging camps. d. Question 4
i. Temperature. e. Question 5
i. Have each group present their “Logger Lingo Slogan” to the class.
10. Distribute “Student Assignment” handout to each student. Have them choose one of the two topics to report on.
Resources Holm, David. Oral History of Jim and Margaret McConaghy. Canada: College of New Caledonia, 2003. Roberge, Earl. Timber Country. Idaho: Caxton Printers, LTD, 1973. Work in the Nineteenth-Century in Forest Industry. National Museum of Man: NO 46, 1983. Where Two Rivers Meet. http://collections.ic.gc.ca/princegeorge/noframes/logging.html, 2003. The Exploration Place. http://www.theexplorationplace.com/, 2003.
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Early 1900’s Answer Key
The kitchen, dining, bunk house, and office of Logging Camp #2 at Horseshoe Hill on the long road to Shelley.
woo
d st
ove.
Wire
s and
rope
s dan
gled
from
the
ceili
ng fo
r dry
ing
clot
hes t
hat w
here
was
hed
whe
n ev
er p
eopl
e co
mpl
aine
d ab
out t
he
smel
l. A
bun
khou
se w
ould
con
sist
of f
alle
rs o
r tea
mst
ers,
who
“ree
ked
with
hor
ses”
. M
ost m
en w
ere
used
to e
very
kin
d of
smel
l
imag
inab
le.
All
cam
ps h
ad a
coo
k w
ho w
ould
hav
e th
eir o
wn
cabi
n, m
ost o
ften
calle
d a
“Coo
k Sh
anty
”. H
ere
the
cook
pre
pare
d m
eals
for t
he
men
and
slep
t. M
cCon
aghy
from
She
lley
stat
es th
at th
e fo
od w
as
“who
leso
me”
and
“ba
sic”
. H
e go
es o
n to
say
“if y
ou h
ad a
goo
d
cook
in c
amp,
you
had
goo
d fo
od.”
Coo
ks w
ould
rise
abo
ut 4
am
As l
oggi
ng b
ecam
e an
impo
rtant
asp
ect i
n th
e B
ritis
h
Col
umbi
a ec
onom
y in
the
early
190
0’s,
lum
ber c
ompa
nies
cam
e
rush
ing
into
the
area
. In
ord
er fo
r the
se c
ompa
nies
to su
ccee
d th
ey
need
ed la
rge
crew
s who
whe
re w
illin
g to
wor
k aw
ay fr
om a
ny
type
of c
ivili
zatio
n. T
o ac
com
mod
ate
thes
e cr
ews l
umbe
r
com
pani
es n
eede
d to
con
stru
ct lu
mbe
r cam
ps th
at w
ould
pro
vide
crew
s a p
lace
to e
at a
nd sl
eep.
Acc
omm
odat
ion
at th
e ca
mps
con
sist
ed o
f mak
e sh
ift
cabi
ns w
ith p
oor v
entil
atio
n an
d no
reso
urce
s suc
h as
ele
ctric
ity.
Clo
thes
did
not
dry
and
men
had
to b
ring
thei
r ow
n be
ddin
g. M
en
wou
ld h
ave
to sl
eep
on b
unks
cra
mm
ed in
to o
ne ro
om, t
here
cou
ld
be fr
om 6
men
to 2
0 m
en in
one
are
a w
ith b
unks
aga
inst
the
wal
ls.
At o
ne e
nd o
f the
cab
in w
ould
be
bunk
s and
at t
he o
ther
, a sm
all
Men
stan
ding
in fr
ont o
f a w
ood
build
ing
with
a c
anva
s roo
f am
ongs
t sta
cks o
f lo
gs.
Men
at c
amp
on S
eeba
ch C
reek
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4.
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to p
repa
re b
reak
fast
and
lunc
h fo
r the
cre
w.
The
crew
wou
ld
gath
er in
one
bui
ldin
g an
d ea
t bre
akfa
st to
geth
er in
sile
nce.
Mos
t
men
wan
ted
to sa
vor t
he q
uiet
tim
e in
the
brea
kfas
t sha
nty
befo
re
head
ing
out t
o th
e lo
ggin
g si
te.
Lunc
h w
as p
acke
d w
ith th
e m
en to
the
site
whe
re th
ey w
ere
wor
king
, as i
t was
usu
ally
a lo
ng h
ike
back
to th
e ca
mp
from
the
wor
k si
te.
Supp
er w
as th
e bi
g m
eal a
nd
was
usu
ally
serv
ed la
te a
t nig
ht a
roun
d 7
or 8
pm.
Soon
afte
r sup
-
per,
men
wou
ld b
e of
f to
bed
to re
st fo
r ano
ther
long
day
ahe
ad.
T
he w
eeks
and
day
s whe
re lo
ng fo
r the
cre
ws.
Som
etim
es
it w
ould
be
mon
ths b
efor
e a
crew
wou
ld g
o to
tow
n fo
r a c
oupl
e of
days
. W
ork
star
ted
whe
n it
was
still
dar
k, m
en w
ould
wak
e, e
at
brea
kfas
t, ha
rnes
s the
hor
ses a
nd h
ead
out t
o th
e w
orks
ite.
Mos
t
men
wor
ked
in 3
’s, o
ne m
an w
ho w
ould
fall
the
trees
, one
to b
uck
and
limb
and
the
othe
r to
skid
logs
to th
e la
ndin
g si
te o
r to
the
A gr
oup
of su
rvey
ors i
n fr
ont o
f a lo
g ca
bin.
river
. Th
e m
ain
goal
of e
very
cre
w w
as to
bea
t the
reco
rds f
rom
the
day
befo
re, t
o cu
t mor
e tre
es a
nd m
ake
mor
e lu
mbe
r. T
he
wor
k sc
hedu
le c
onsi
sted
of l
oggi
ng in
the
win
ter,
mill
ing
in th
e
sum
mer
and
surv
ival
dur
ing
brea
k up
and
free
ze u
p. W
ork
did
not
com
men
ce a
fter i
t was
“25
to 3
0 be
low
…it
was
n’t h
ard
on th
e
men
, it w
as h
ard
on th
e eq
uipm
ent.”
The
re w
as a
lway
s wor
k fo
r
men
due
to th
e ab
unda
nce
of sa
wm
ills i
n th
e ar
ea.
McC
onag
hy
stat
es th
at “
if yo
u le
ft a
job
you
coul
d go
into
tow
n an
d ge
t ano
ther
one
befo
re y
ou w
alke
d th
e le
ngth
of t
he P
rince
ss T
heat
re.”
Ther
e w
here
no
wom
en in
logg
ing
cam
ps u
nles
s the
re
whe
re fa
mily
qua
rters
set u
p. I
t was
onl
y th
en th
at w
omen
and
child
ren
help
ed w
ith th
e co
okin
g an
d cl
eani
ng, o
ther
wis
e it
was
the
men
coo
king
and
cle
anin
g. S
unda
y w
as a
day
to p
lay,
men
wou
ld d
ance
and
pla
y m
usic
acc
ordi
ng to
thei
r cul
tura
l bac
k-
grou
nd.
Prin
ce G
eorg
e w
as a
bus
y pl
ace
durin
g br
eak
up a
s men
from
all
over
wou
ld c
ome
to re
lax,
spen
d m
oney
, and
hav
e tim
e w
ith th
eir
fam
ilies
. Lo
gger
s had
a re
puta
tion
of sp
eaki
ng, s
mel
ling
and
dres
sing
diff
eren
tly a
nd m
ost p
eopl
e st
ayed
aw
ay fr
om th
em.
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W
ages
pai
d in
the
earli
er y
ears
may
seem
unr
ealis
tic to
day.
In 1
920
a sa
wye
r may
rece
ive
50 c
ents
per
hou
r, 5
cent
s or l
ess f
or
team
ster
s, ca
mp
help
and
cle
an u
p. A
fore
man
may
rece
ive
up to
$125
per
mon
th.
Thes
e w
ages
wou
ld c
hang
e an
d by
the
time
the
depr
essi
on h
it, w
ages
whe
re c
ut to
22
cent
s per
hou
r. C
onsi
derin
g
pric
es o
f eve
ryda
y pr
oduc
ts su
ch a
s bre
ad a
nd m
ilk w
ages
whe
re
not a
s bad
as t
hey
seem
.
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Reading Questions
1. Why did logging operations set up logging camps? 2. If a foreman made $120 per month, why was that considered to
be a good income in the 1900’s? 3. How often did men get to go to town? 4. When was the only time men did not have to work in the logging
camp?
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Student Assignment
Choose one of the following two questions. 1. Pretend that you are a logger in the 1920’s.
a. Research prices from the 1900’s on the following topics. This can be done through readings, websites and old is-sues of The Citizen.
i. Activities ii. Food iii. Rent iv. Gas v. Clothes
b. Create and compare a budget of today’s prices and wages of the above topics and those from the early 1900’s and compare. What are the biggest changes and what con-tributed to these changes.
2. Write a 500-700 word essay on life in a logging camp using at
least 5 terms from “Logger Lingo”
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Logger Lingo Ace in the hole – loggers love poker. Alabama wool – cotton underwear. Ask for time – Quitting. Axel grease – butter Back to camp – following a strike or a shut down, going back to work. Back up to the window for his paycheck - someone who does so little work he’s embarrassed to take pay. Bait can – lunch bucket. Balloon it – pack and leave camp. Barbwire deal – tough problem or situation. Boiling dishwater – to determine how cold the weather is, throw boiling dishwater outside. If it freezes before hitting ground, it’s cold. Bone Butcher – company doctor. Bow his back – refuse to do a job Bucker – man who cuts felled trees. Bull Cook – besides a cook, also does odd jobs. Bull of the woods – could be one though man in camp, or the boss.
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Bunch the job – quitting without warning. Camp lawyer – logger who has to argue about everything. Can opener artist – poor cook, only slightly better than a belly robber. Chicken crap outfit – crummy logging show. Cookie pusher – waitress. Crooked elbow – caused by leaning against too many saloon bars. Dog robber – camp cook, who feeds everything to loggers, has nothing left for dog. Draw day – Payday. Draw your time – your fired. Faller – a man who cuts down trees. Family show – logging operation run by an old man and his sons. Fish eyes – poorly cooked tapioca. Flunkie – dishwasher. Give’ er snoose – feel in the power. Gunny sack show – haywire operation. Gut heater – whiskey. Haywire job – do anything the cheapest possible way.
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Kitchen Mechanic – dishwasher. Like a handful of ants – everything in confusion. Little bull – foreman either too young or lacking experience, not respected by his men. Monthly insult – paycheck. Nosebag show – camp where midday meal was taken to the woods in lunch buckets. One-donkey show – very small operation. Pass the 44’s – pass the beans. Quick like a cow – clumsy, two left feet. Tar – really bad coffee. Walk the bugs to death – turn shirt inside out so lice must walk to front to get in. War department – a wife.
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