Louis Isadore Kahn(bornItze-Leib Schmuilowsky) (March 5[O.S.February 20]1901 March 17, 1974) was anAmericanarchitect,[2]based inPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania, UnitedStates. After working in various capacities for several firms in Philadelphia, he founded his ownatelierin 1935. While continuing his private practice, he served as a design critic and professor of architecture atYale School of Architecturefrom 1947 to 1957.

LOUIS I. KAHN (1901-1974)considered as one of the most important American building designers of the twentieth century, Louis Isadore Kahn (1901-1974), was a U.S. architect, educator, and philosopher, is one of the foremost twentieth-century architects.

EARLY

LIFEPRIVATE LIFE & EARLY TRAINING

Louis I. Kahn grew up in Philadelphia, the son of poor immigrant parents. As a young man, Kahn struggled to build his career during the height of America's Depression. He was married but often became involved with his professional associates. Kahn established three families that lived only a few miles apart in the Philadelphia area.Louis I. Kahn's troubled life is explored inMy Architect, a 2003 documentary film by his son, Nathaniel Kahn. Louis Kahn was the father of three children with three different women.

university of Pennsylvania, bachelor of architecture, 1924worked as a senior draftsman in the office of Philadelphia city architect john monitor.travelled through Europe visiting castles and medieval strongholds, 1928

1935 Establishes an independent architectural practice in Philadelphia, but struggles to find work other than modest local housing projects. 1947 Starts teaching at Yale.1950 Wins a fellowship to the American Academy in Rome and travels to Greece and Italy where he is inspired by the ancient ruins.1951 On his return, Kahn puts his new ideas into practise in the design of an extension to the Yale Art Gallery and the Trenton Bathhouse.1955 Becomes professor of architecture at the university of Pennsylvania, where he taught until his death in 1974.1957 Designs the Alfred Newton Richards Medical Research Building at the University of Pennsylvania.1959 Begins a six year project to construct the Jonas Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, California.

CAREER1960 Designs the Dr and Mrs Norman Fisher House in Hatboro, Pennsylvania and starts work on the campus at Bryn Mawr.1962 Starts work on a twelve year programme to build the Indian Institute of Management in Ahmedabad and on the construction of the Capital Complex in Dhaka, Bangladesh, which will be completed after his death. 1965 Designs the Library and Dining Hall for the Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire.1966 Begins work on the design of the Kimbell Art Museum in Forth Worth, Texas. The Museum of Modern Art, New York mounts a retrospective exhibition of Kahns work.1969 Wins his second major commission at Yale University to design the Yale Centre for British Art., IN THE BATH HOUSE , KAHN FOUND WHAT WAS TO BECOME HIS MATURE STYLE. HIS EARLIER WORKS , HOWEVER, CONTAIN SOME ELEMENTS , SUCH AS THE GEOMETRY AND THE CHOICE OF MATERIALS THAT WOULD LATER BE REFRESHED

IMPORTANT BUILDINGS

IMPORTANT BUILDINGS

IMPORTANT BUILDINGS

IMPORTANT BUILDINGS

IMPORTANT BUILDINGS

IMPORTANT BUILDINGS

IMPORTANT BUILDINGS1962:Richards Medical Research Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA1965:Jonas Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA1966-1972:Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX1974:Yale Centre for British Art, New Haven, Connecticut2010-2012:FDR Memorial Four Freedoms Park, Roosevelt Island, New York City (Read "The Genius of Louis Kahn's Connected, Contemplative Roosevelt Memorial and How Builders Avoided the Usual Perils of Posthumous Architecture" by Paul Goldberger,Vanity Fair, October 19 2012.)1953:Yale University Art Gallery and Design Centre, New Haven, CT1955:Trenton Bath House, New Jersey1961: The Margaret Esherick House, Philadelphia, PA1961-1982: Jatiyo Sangsad Bhaban, National Assembly Building, Dhaka, BangladeshIMPORTANT BUILDINGSLouis Kahn was one of the most renowned personalities of the 20th century Architecture. The impact that he made with some of his works was so remarkable that he was rightly compared with Corbusier and Mies Van Der Rohe.Kahns archetypical forms go back to Greek architecture, which he studied in the 1950s

light was also a central element in Kahns philosophy because he regarded it as a giver of all presences: All material in nature, the mountains and the streams and the air and we, are made of Light which has been spent, and this crumpled mass called material casts a shadow, and the shadow belongs to Light. For him, light is the maker of material, and materials purpose is to cast a shadow.And even though Kahn erected many buildings in regions exposed to extreme sunlight (such as India and Pakistan), he did not design his buildings to protect users from the sun, but rather to protect the sanctity of the shadow. He didnt believe in artificial shade

The Beaux-Arts discipline of the architects education served him all his life when it came to organising ceremonial. But before the stage of articulation there was the stage of discovery and with each design Kahn sought out a central idea, a crystalline form of thought, which brought the whole thing alive. He often reverted to centralised spaces surrounded by fringes of secondary ones to give shape to institutions, whether libraries, parliament buildings or dormitories. The plan of an ensemble, including interior and exterior spaces, was the visual equivalent to a society of rooms

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KAHN1960: Arnold W. Brunner Memorial Prize, American Academy of Arts and Letters1971: AIA Gold Medal, American Institute of Architects1972: RIBA Gold Medal, Royal Institute of British Architects1973: Architecture Gold Medal, American Academy of Arts and LettersAWARDS

The Salk Institute was established in the 1960s by Jonas Salk, M.D., the developer of the polio vaccine. Salk selected the world-renowned architect Louis I. Kahn as the person who could design the facility that he envisioned

Jonas Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CALIFORNIASALK INSTITUTe SALK INSTITUTe Kahn's creation consists of two mirror-image structures that flank a grand courtyard. Each building is six stories tall. Three floors contain laboratories and the three levels above the laboratory floors provide access to utilities. Protruding into the courtyard are separate towers that provide space for individual professorial studies. The towers at the east end of the buildings contain heating, ventilating, and other support systems. At the west end are six floors of offices overlooking the ocean. Together, there are29 separate structures joined together to form the Institute

The materials chosen for this purpose were concrete, teak, lead, glass, and special steel. The poured-in-place concrete walls create the first bold impression for visitors. Kahn actually went back to Roman times to rediscover the waterproof qualities and the warm, pinkish glow of "pozzuolanic" concrete. Once the concrete was set, he allowed no further processing of the finishno grinding, no filling, and above all, no painting. The architect chose an unfinished look for the teak surrounding the study towers and west office windows, and he directed that no sealer or stain be applied to the teak. The building's exterior, with only minor required maintenance, today looks much as it did in the 1960s.The open courtyard of travertine marble acting as a facade to the sky adds to the monumental nature of the building. In 1992, the Salk received a 25-Year Award from the American Institute of Architects (AIA) and was featured in the AIA exhibitStructures of Our Time: 31 Buildings That Changed Modern Life. The Salk Institute has been described in theSan Diego Union-Tribuneas the single most significant architectural site in San Diego.SALK INSTITUTe

SALK INSTITUTe

SALK INSTITUTe

SALK INSTITUTe JATiYO SANGSAD BHABAn JATIYO SANGSAD BHABAN , DAHAKA Jatiyo Sangsad Bhaban is the National Assembly Building of Bangladesh, located in the capital Dhaka. It was created by architect Louis Kahn and is one of the largest legislative complexes in the world. It houses all parliamentary activities of Bangladesh.

First, Muzharul Islam was given to design Jatiyo Sangshad Bhaban by the government. But, Islam brought his teacher Louis Kahn into the project to do a significant work for future generation. But, Muzharul Islam assisted Kahn at the project. According to Robert McCarter, author of Louis I. Kahn, it "is one of the twentieth century's greatest architectural monuments, and is without question Kahn's magnum opus."

The architect drew upon and assimilated both the vernacular and monumental archetypes of the region, and abstracted and transformed, to a degree of utter purity, lasting architectural ideas from many eras and civilizations. The core of the composition is the assembly chamber, a 300-seat, 30-meters high, domed amphitheatre and the library. These spaces alternate among eight "light and air courts" and a restaurant, as well as entrances to the garden and mosque. Built of rough-shuttered, poured-in-place concrete, the walls are inlaid with bands of white marble. The jury noted that the architect has produced a building that "while universal in its sources of forms, aesthetics, and technologies, could be in no other place.

Louis Kahn designed the entire Jatiyo Sangsad complex, which includes lawns, lake and residences for the Members of the Parliament.

Kahn's key design philosophy optimizes the use of space while representing Bangladeshi heritage and culture. External lines are deeply recessed by porticoes with huge openings of regular geometric shapes on their exterior, shaping the building's overall visual impact.The lake on three sides of the Bhaban, extending up to the Members' hostel adds to site's aesthetics and also portrays the riverine beauty of Bangladesh. The assembly building received the Aga Khan Award for Architecture in 1989.

JATiYO SANGSAD BHABAn JATiYO SANGSAD BHABAn

JATiYO SANGSAD BHABAn

JATiYO SANGSAD BHABAn

JATiYO SANGSAD BHABAn LayoutThe main building (the Bhaban) is divided into three parts:- The Main Plaza- South Plaza- Presidential PlazaThe main building is at the center of the complex. The outer parts of the complex include the MP hostel. An intricately designed lake surrounds the main building.

The Bhaban (Main Building) designThe Bhaban consists of nine individual blocks: the eight peripheral blocks rise to a height of 110' while the central octagonal block rises to a height of 155'. All nine blocks include different groups of functional spaces and have different levels, inter-linked horizontally and vertically by corridors, lifts, stairs, light courts, and circular areas. The entire structure is designed to blend into one single, non-differentiable unit, that appears from the exterior to be a single story.

The main committee rooms are located at level two in one of the peripheral blocks. All parliamentary functionaries, including Ministers and chairpersons of some of the Standing Committees, have offices in the Bhaban. The Parliament Secretariat also occupies offices in the same building.

JATiYO SANGSAD BHABAn

JATiYO SANGSAD BHABAn

JATiYO SANGSAD BHABAn

JATiYO SANGSAD BHABAn The Main PlazaThe most important part of the Main Plaza is the Parliament Chamber, which can house up to 354 members during sessions.There are also two podiums and two galleries for VIP visitors. The Chamber has a maximum height of 117' with a parabolic shell roof. The roof was designed with a clearance of a single story to let in daylight. Daylight, reflecting from the surrounding walls and octagonal drum, filters into the Parliament Chamber. The efficient and aesthetic use of light was a strong architectural capability of Louis Kahn.

The artificial lighting system has been carefully devised to provide zero obstruction to the entry of daylight. A composite chandelier is suspended from parabolic shell roof. This chandelier in turn consists of a metallic web, spanning the entire chamber, that supports the individual light fixtures.

Upper levels of the block (that contains the Chamber) contain the visitor and press galleries, as well as communication booths, all of which overlook the Parliament Chamber.

The South PlazaThe South Plaza faces the Manik Mia Avenue. It gradually rises to a 20' height and serves as a beautiful exterior as well as the main entrance (used by members during sessions) to the Parliament Building.

Presidential PlazaThe Presidential Plaza lies to the North and faces the Lake Road. It functions as an intimate plaza for the MPs and other dignitaries. It contains marble steps, a gallery and an open pavement.