ART AND CULTURE IN THE MIDDLE AGE:

AL ANDALUSAND CHRISTIAN

KINGDOMS

THE ART AND CULTURE IN AL ANDALUS

THE ART AND CULTURE IN AL ANDALUS

Giralda XII century

ALHAMBRA, GRANADA (XIV-XV century)

What kind of artwork?Why are there no people in it?

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Great Mosque of Córdoba

CHRISTIAN CULTURE AND ART

Lenguas romancesAfter XI century, the romancesLanguages came up and startedTo substitute latin as the spokenLanguage.

CULTURE INTERACTION

ESCUELA DE TOLEDOBetween the 11 and 13thCentury, a school of translators was Actively working in Toledo.Their impact in the European culture was huge.

Alfonso X

The Romanesque style:

• Beginning in Cataluña (11th century)– Little rural churches and monasteries:Sta. María de Ripoll, San Clemente

• The way of Saint James (12th century)– Cathedrals and pilgrimage churches.Frómista, Jaca, Santiago.

• The Late Romanesque of Duero (12-13th)– The Romanesque art in the south:Salamanca, Zamora, Toro

The beginning of Romanesque: CATALUÑA S. Pedro de Roda

(1040)

The age ofMonasteries:One of the Oldest buildingsIn RomanesqueStyle.

SANTA MARÍA DE RIPOLL

It becameAn importantCultural centre In the XI century

Lot of works were Translated fromArab to latin.It became the main Cross point betweenEurope and AlAndalus.

B) ARAGÓN Y NAVARRACATHEDRAL OF JACA

(Aragón)

Monastery of Leyre

The Way of Saint James

Pilgrimage Romanesque:Santiago de Compostela

The Romanesque Cathedral was started in1075 and finished in the 12th century.

It`s cross-shaped,With three naves andA girole.

San Martín de Frómista

The wayOf SaintJames.RomanesqueStyle with French influence.

The “Duero romanesque”:Cathedral of Zamora (12th

c.)

Cathedral of Salamanca (12-13th c.)

Bizantine and muslim Influence (dome andDecoration)

Romanesque sculpture:Pórtico de la Gloria(end of 12th century)

CULTURE AND ART IN THE LATE MIDDLE AGES

What do we remember from

Gothic style?

Late Middle age: the rise of a new culture.

Culture is not onlyReligious and rural any longer:It is urban and civil,And with new goals

Library from the UniversityOf Salamanca (1215)

Nobles and royal courts Created a new cortesan culture.Nobles began to read andWrite, and became literate.

Tomb of Martín Vázquez in the cathedral of Sigüenza (1440)

Gothic style

• Cister and classical gothic (13-14th cent.)– Cister monasteries

– Castilla: León, Toledo.

- Aragon: Barcelona, Mallorca.

• Late Gothic (flemish and isabeline style)– Civil buildings: castles, palaces and lonjas

(stocking exchange)– Cathedrals: Sevilla, Burgos.

Gothic style: Cister

Monasterio de Piedra: Cloister

It is a very austere monastery style, mixing RomanesqueAnd Gothic elements.

GOTHIC CATHEDRALS Castilla

• Cathedrals (13th c.)

León (French influence)

Toledo (more local)

GOTHIC CATHEDRALSAragón

• Cathedrals

Cathedral of Palma de MallorcaXIII century

Santa María del Mar

GOTHIC ARCHITECTURECathedral of Sevilla (15th c.)

Flemish Gothic style: Burgos

Due to the wealth ofthe cityof Burgos (because of theTrade of wool),the city builta very rich anddecorated cathedralIn the 15th century.

GOTHIC ARCHITECTUREA) Castilla

• Military architecture

Manzanares El RealCastillo de Peñafiel

Castillo de la mota,Medina del Campo (Valladolid)

Alcázar de Segovia,(gothic, rebuilt in XIX century)

Gothic style: palaces.

Late Gothic Style ISABELINE STYLE (15th c.)

Palacio del Infantado (15th century)Isabeline styleDecoration is abundant,

And sometimes it is done in sucha small scale that seems theWork of goldsmiths.

The Isabeline style

San Gregorio San Pablo

• Civic architecture

GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE Aragón, XV century

Lonja of Valencia

Gothic: mudéjar style

Mixture of Muslim andChristian influence.

Guadalupe monastery

PAINTING

Cantigas de Alfonso X

Consequences Evidences

WHAT WERETHECONSEQUENCES OF AN UNITED KINGDOM?

Consequences Evidences

WHAT WERETHECONSEQUENCES OF AN UNITED KINGDOM?

Militarystrenght

Monarchs More powerful

Social stabilty

Economic development

Cultural development

New weapons:Victories: Bigger armies, new conquest

Burocracy. Power over nobility

End of civil wars No more social riots .

More trade to Europe New currency More production

Deeper contact with other cultures (arabs, jews)

Consequences

Evidences

WHAT WERETHECONSEQUENCES OF AN UNITED KINGDOM?

Militarystrenght

Monarchs More powerful

Social stabilty

Economic development

Cultural development

New weapons: gun powder.Victories: Granada Napoles Bigger armies, new conquest

Burocracy and equal rules. Power over nobility(Cáceres)

End of civil wars (Beltraneja) No more social riots . More trade to Europe (wool)

New currency (ducado) More production (agriculture)

Deeper contact with other cultures (jews were expelled, intolerance)

AS A CONCLUSION,WAS IT POSITIVEOR NEGATIVE FOROUR HISTORY?

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