LAMAS

Transactions of the

London and MiddlesexArchaeological Society

Volume 652014

Museum of London, London Wall, London EC2Y 5HN

Produced by Past Historic, Kings Stanley, Glos. GL10 3HWPrinted in Great BritainISBN 978 0 903290 70 8

© Published by the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society, 2015

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ContentsList of presidents and offi cers ...................................................................

159th Annual Report of LAMAS Council for the year ending 30th September 2014 ......................................................................................

LAMAS Statement of Financial Activities for the year ended 30th September 2014 and Balance Sheet as at 30th September 2014 ..........

Excavations at Crispin Street, Spitalfi elds: from Roman cemetery to post-medieval Artillery Ground

Berni Sudds and Alistair Douglas with Christopher Phillpotts† ....................

A Late Bronze Age enclosed settlement at the Oliver Close Estate, Leyton, London Borough of Waltham Forest

Barry Bishop and Peter Boyer..................................................................

Bronze Age and Early Saxon activity at Dagenham Heathway, London Borough of Barking and Dagenham

Peter Boyer, Fiona Keith-Lucas, Barry J Bishop, Chris Jarrett and Louise Rayner

Excavations at 41 Eastcheap, London EC3 Ken Pitt...............................................................................................

Excavations at 6—12 Basinghall Street and 93—95 Gresham Street, City of London EC2

Sadie Watson .......................................................................................

Pause and cause: the ‘building break’ in the White Tower of London Derek Renn ..........................................................................................

Ruislip Manor Farm: results of an archaeological watching brief and geophysical survey on the site of a motte and bailey castle and a medieval manorial complex

Sadie Watson .......................................................................................

Archaeological investigations at Hall Place, Bexley Catherine Edwards ................................................................................

Sir William Weston, last Prior of the Order of St John of Jerusalem, d 1540 and his monument Philip Whittemore .................................................................................

LAMAS Local History: origin, development and conferences John Hinshelwood .................................................................................

A review of the 52nd LAMAS Conference of London Archaeologists held at the Museum of London on 21 March 2015 .......................................

Papers read at the 49th LAMAS Local History Conference held at the Museum of London, 22 November 2014: ‘Coppers, Crooks and Counsel: Law and Order in London’......................................................................

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ReviewsD Perring & M Pitts Alien Cities. Consumption and the Origins of Urbanism in

Roman Britain (reviewed by Michael Fulford) ........................................L M Wallace The Origins of Roman London (reviewed by Bruce Watson) ..V Ridgeway, K Leary & B Sudds Roman Burials in Southwark: Excavations at

52—56 Lant Street and 56 Southwark Bridge Road, London SE1 (reviewed by Michael Marshall) ....................................................................................

L Casson, J Drummond-Murray & A Francis Romano-British Round Houses to Medieval Parish: Excavations at 10 Gresham Street, City of London, 1999—2002 (reviewed by Steve Roskams) .........................................................

L Fowler & A Mackinder Medieval Haywharf to 20th-century Brewery: Excavations at Watermark Place, City of London (reviewed by D H Evans)

K Pitt Medieval to Early Post-Medieval Tenements and Middle Eastern Imports: Excavations at Plantation Place, City of London, 1997—2003 (reviewed by D H Evans) ...................................................................................................

HADAS Finds Group A Hamlet in Hendon: The Archaeology and History of Church Terrace, 1973—74 (reviewed by Eileen Bowlt) ..............................

D Keene & I W Archer (eds) The Singularities of London, 1578 by L Grenade (reviewed by James A Galloway) .............................................................

J F Merritt Westminster 1640—1660: A Royal City in a Time of Revolution (reviewed by Hazel Forsyth) ....................................................................

G Parker (ed) Probate Inventories of French Immigrants in Early Modern London (reviewed by Jacqui Pearce) .......................................................

M Davies, C Ferguson, V Harding, E Parkinson & A Wareham (eds) London and Middlesex Hearth Tax (reviewed by Ian W Archer) ..............

E McKellar Landscapes of London: The City, the Country and the Suburbs 1660—1840 (reviewed by Bridget Cherry) ...............................................

J Clarke Early Structural Steel in London Buildings: A Discreet Revolution (reviewed by Robert Bowles)...................................................................

H Forsyth The Cheapside Hoard: London’s Lost Jewels (reviewed by Maurice Howard) ...................................................................................................

N Pollard The History of Walton Bridge (reviewed by Eleanor Stanier) ......

Index to volume 65 ....................................................................................

London & Middlesex Archaeological SocietyCharity Registration No. 267552

ESTABLISHED IN 1855

Patrons: The Most Rev The Lord Archbishop of Canterbury; The Right Rev The Lord Bishop of London; The Right Hon The Lord Mayor of London; HM Lieutenant for Greater London and Custos Rotulorum; The Very Rev The Dean of St Paul’s

Past Presidents: Rt Hon the Lord Londesborough, KCH, FRS, FSA (1855—1860); Rt Hon the Lord Talbot de Malahide, FRS, FSA (1860—1883); General A.L.F. Pitt-Rivers, FRS, VPSA (1883—1885); Edwin Freshfi eld, LLD, FSA (1885—1910); Sir Edward W. Brabrook, CB, Dir.S.A. (1910—1930); Sir Montagu Sharpe, KC, DL (1930—1942); Rt Hon the Earl of Strafford, JP (1943—1946); Col the Rt Hon Lord Nathan of Churt, FSA (1947—1949); William F. Grimes, CBE, MA, FSA (1950—1958); D.B. Harden, FBA, CBE, MA (1959—1964); R. Michael Robbins, CBE, MA, FSA (1965—1970); Arnold J. Taylor, CBE, MA, D.Litt, FBA, Hon VPSA, FR Hist S (1971—1973); Ralph Merrifi eld, BA, FSA, FMA (1974—1976); M.G. Hebditch, MA, FSA, FMA (1977—1979); Dr Valerie Pearl, MA, D.phil, FSA, FR Hist S (1980—1981); Professor John Wilkes, BA, PhD, FBA, FSA (1982—1985); John Kent, BA, PhD, FBA, FSA (1985—1988); Derek Renn, PhD, FIA, FSA, FSS (1988—1991); Hugh Chapman, BA, PhD, FSA, AMA (1991—1992†); Derek Renn, PhD, FIA, FSA, FSS (1992—1993); Harvey Sheldon, BSc, FSA (1993—1996); Mark Hassall, MA, FSA (1996—1999); Derek Keene, MA, D.phil (1999—2002); Professor Clive Orton, MA, CStat, MIFA, FSA (2002—2005); Dr Simon Thurley (2005—2008); Professor Caroline Barron, MA, PhD, FSA (2008—2011); Professor Martin Biddle, CBE, FBA, FSA (2011—2014)

President: JOHN CLARK

Vice-Presidents: A. Tribe, FCA, FSA, ATII; J.A. Clark, MA, FSA, AMA; K.A. Bailey, MA; D.R. Webb, BA, ALA; Miss J. Macdonald, BA, FSA

Council (as from AGM February 2014)

Colin Bowlt, BSc, FLS, PhD (Chairman); Diane Tough, BA, MA, FLS; John Hinshelwood, MA; Barney Sloane, BA (Hons), FSA, AIFA; Robert Whytehead, BA (Hons), MIFA; Meriel Jeater, MA, AMA; Kathryn Stubbs, BA, MA, DipTP, MRTPI, IHBL; Kath Creed, BA, MA; Ed Johnson, BA MSc; Kim Stabler, MA; Jackie Keily, MA; Dr Chris Constable, MCIfA, FSA

Ex offi cio (the offi cers mentioned under Rule 9): Honorary Treasurer Martin Williams, MBA; Honorary Secretary Karen Thomas, BA (Hons); Honorary Editor (Newsletter) Vacant; Honorary Publications Secretary Karen Thomas, BA (Hons); Honorary Director of Lecture Meetings Cheryl Smith, MA; Honorary Librarian Miss S. Brooks, MA; Honorary Subscriptions and Membership Secretary Patricia Clarke; Production Editor (Transactions) Lynn Pitts, MA, D.phil, FSA

Publications Committee: Chairman, John Schofi eld, BA, MSc, PhD, FSA, MIFA

Archaeological Research Committee: Chairman, Harvey Sheldon, BSc, FSA

Historic Building and Conservation Committee: Chairman, Jon M. Finney, DipArch, DipTP, IHBC

Local History Committee: Chairman, Mrs Eileen Bowlt, JP, BA

Honorary Auditor: Mr Stuart Forbes

Bankers: CAF Bank Ltd (Charities Aid Foundation) and Barclays Bank Ltd (211 Regent Street Branch)

London and Middlesex Archaeological Society

159th ANNUAL REPORT OF COUNCIL FOR THE SUBSCRIPTION YEAR ENDING30th SEPTEMBER 2014

Council met fi ve times during the year. Members of Council and others continued to represent the Society at meetings of the Southwark and

Lambeth Archaeological Excavation Committee and the Council for British Archaeology London.In February we were very sad to lose our Treasurer, Martin Williams, who died following treatment for

cancer in his 70th year. Martin served as Honorary Treasurer for the Society for nine years and helped us to bring in Gift Aid contributions and a Direct Debit system for collecting subscriptions during that time. He will be greatly missed by all of us on Council who worked with him over the years.

Lecture meetings

The lecture series season ran from October 2013 to May 2014, in the Clore Learning Centre, Museum of London and was organised very successfully as always, by Cheryl Smith. All of the lectures were very well attended and Council would like to express its appreciation to Cheryl for her hard work in organising the lecture programme.

The fi rst lecture was entitled ‘Pitt-Rivers in London’ and was given by Dr Dan Hicks, lecturer and Curator of Archaeology at the School of Archaeology and Pitt Rivers Museum in Oxford who had been working on a project to catalogue the records in the Pitt Rivers collection and give them some context. A surprising number of sites in London were represented in those records. In November Frank James, Reader in the History of Science at the Royal Institution and University College London spoke on ‘Michael Faraday in London’ and in December John Schofi eld saved the day when our booked speaker, Professor Caroline Barron was taken ill, and told us about ‘The Myth of the Great Fire’. 2014 got off to a glittering start with Hazel Forsyth, Senior Curator at the Museum of London giving us some behind the scenes information on ‘The Cheapside Hoard’ whilst the talk in March was given by Dr Heather Falvey, Lecturer in Local History at the Institute of Continuing Education, Cambridge who introduced us to ‘The More: Rickmansworth’s Royal Palace’. In April Michael Marshall, Senior Specialist at Museum of London Archaeology gave an insight to two of the biggest digs in the City in recent years with ‘From Coal Sacks to Treasures: Roman Small Finds from Excavations in the Walbrook Valley’ and in May, Glynn Davis, Archaeology Collections Manager (Volunteers) at the LAARC talked about a project run with the help of a number of volunteers – ‘Dedicated Followers of fashion? Digitising and interpreting Roman hairpins from London’.

At the AGM in February the President, Prof Martin Biddle, gave his last Presidential Address, on ‘Anglo-Saxon and Norman Royal Palaces: the evidence of London, Westminster and Winchester’.

In June, Pat Clarke also organised a Saturday walk around Pinner taking in the 14th-century church, timber-framed houses and an ‘arts and crafts’ house.

Publications, Newsletter and Website

Verity Anthony, who took over as Newsletter editor in 2013, got a new job with the Roman Baths Museum and Pump Room in Bath and so was unable to continue and Laura Schaaf stepped in to produce the January and May issues while we searched for a new editor. Richard Gilpin then took over the role and brought out his fi rst Newsletter in September. It continues to include a wide range of reviews and short articles as well as news of the activities of our own and other societies. Council would like to express its thanks to Verity and Laura for their editorship this year and welcome Richard to the post.

Transactions volume 63 appeared and Council continues to appreciate the hard work carried out by our Production Editor Lynn Pitts, our Hon Archaeological Editor, Bruce Watson and our Hon Local History Editor, Graham Javes who took over from Eileen Bowlt this year.

Our website manager, Adam Lewis, had increased work commitments which meant he could no

longer look after our site but he helped us to convert the site so that we can manage it ourselves going forward. Council would like to extend its thanks to Adam for his hard work and support over the past few years with the website.

Membership (report by Pat Clark)

Membership for the year was 603 (including 7 honorary and 16 life members) compared with 647 last year and 654 for 2012. 24 new members joined the society, including 15 using PayPal via the website.

Research Fund

Council agreed that we would not award a grant for the Research Fund for a further year but we expect to re-introduce the grant in the coming years.

Publications Committee (report by John Schofi eld, Chair)

The Committee met three times during the year. Volume 63 of the Transactions (for 2012) was published in November 2013. The fi rst of the revived Special Papers series, on John Kent’s excavations at the motte of South Mimms, was published as Paper 16; and work continued on the production of Paper 17, a festschrift for John Clark. After this there are no more subjects for Special Papers immediately apparent, and John Schofi eld wishes to hand over the production of these to somebody else. Discussion proceeds about placing parts of large excavation reports into PDF fi les which can be hosted on the Society’s website (Council approved a trial run with a paper in Transactions vol 65); as could also happen to conference proceedings.

Archaeology Committee (report by Jon Cotton, Secretary)

Archaeology Committee met three times during the year: in January, April and September. Good links with the Society’s Historic Buildings Committee have been maintained through the exchange of minutes of the respective Committees. Committee member Rob Whytehead acts as a direct point of liaison, and also represents the Committee at meetings of the CBA London Group.

Reports on archaeological fi eldwork and related matters were received from MOLA, GLAAS and CBA London. The Committee continues to be exercised about the problems within the museum sector across Greater London, and with the declining infl uence of Conservation Offi cers within local authorities. The Committee drafted a response to the English Heritage New Model consultation exercise, and also supplied written evidence to the All Party Parliamentary Archaeology Group (APPAG) on this and related matters.

As is customary the Committee organised the 51st Annual Conference of London Archaeologists, held in the Weston Theatre of the Museum of London. Nearly 200 delegates witnessed the presentation of the 18th Ralph Merrifi eld Award jointly to MOLA and EH for the successful completion of the Greater London Post Excavation programme. The ensuing morning session included talks on excavations on the Mardyke Estate in Dagenham, at London Bridge, the Crossrail project and 10 Trinity Square as well as a fi rst look at the Roman eagle sculpture from The Minories.

The afternoon session, Arenas of Entertainment in Tudor and Jacobean London, included talks by Harvey Sheldon (The Rose Theatre), Chris Thomas (Tudor and Jacobean theatres), Julian Bowsher (bull and bear baiting arenas) and Andrew Gurr (the role of theatres).

Local History Committee (report by John Hinshelwood, Secretary)

The Committee held three meetings, in October 2013, and January and May, 2014.The annual local history conference took place on 16 November 2013 at the Museum of London. The

theme of the conference was ‘The River and Port of London’ involving six talks: ‘A Changing Port in a Changing World. London’s harbours from the 1st to the 18th century’, by Gustav Milne, Director of the Thames Discovery Programme; ‘Re-invention and Change: the Port of London from 1790–1938’, by Chris Ellmers, Founding Director, Museum in Docklands; ‘Local History and the Environmental History of the Thames 1960–2010’, by Vanessa Taylor, Research Fellow, Greenwich Maritime Institute; ‘“Primus Omnium”, the World’s First Modern Police Force’, by Robert Jeffries, Curator, Thames Police Museum; ‘The Thames as a Provider of Drinking Water’, by Mark Jenner, University of York; ‘“The Thames Beautiful” – the Artist’s Perspective’, by Mireille Galinou, Arts and Museums Consultant, former Curator of Paintings, Prints and Drawings at the Museum of London.

The winners of the two 2013/2014 Local History Publications awards, each of £100, presented during

the annual conference were Friern Barnet & District Local History Society for The Friern Hospital; The History of a Victorian Lunatic Asylum by David Berguer, and Hornsey Historical Society for the Hornsey Historical Society Bulletin edited by Albert Pinching.

Graham Javes and John Hinshelwood represented LAMAS at the County Societies Symposium on 13 September 2014 and reported back to the LAMAS Council.

Historic Buildings and Conservation Committee (report by Jon Finney, Chair)

Unlike the other LAMAS Committees, the Historic Buildings and Conservation Committee has a distinctive, and peculiar, role as Agent to the CBA, one of the National Amenity Societies consulted on all Listed Building Consent Applications where demolition or partial demolition is involved. The CBA has produced for consultation, a new Agents’ Handbook that formally sets out the duties and attempts to defi ne the CBA’s role in above-ground conservation. As part of this process, the Committee has in consultation with the CBA and LAMAS Council agreed, and is now using, a new letterheading solely for the Committee’s responses to Local Planning Authorities. The aim is to emphasise that the Committee represents the CBA, and that it deals with Historic Buildings rather than (buried) Archaeology – a confusion that has arisen with a number of London Boroughs.

The Committee has met monthly and has dealt with a huge work-load, as well as coping with changes in legislation, Seminars and other matters. The overall case-load fi gures – a total of 830 cases (that means an average of nearly 70 per meeting) – represent a major commitment from Committee Members. My thanks to them all and specially to our Honorary Secretary Vicki Fox. The Committee has considered hundreds of small scale Applications such as a proposed corrugated iron garden shed in Islington – as well as more major projects including very complex sites such as Battersea and the Bishopsgate Goodsyard site. Given the work-load, not as much progress has been made on the Heritage at Risk (HAR) initiative as normal, but next year it is hoped that this work can be picked up again, with regular update reports.

The Committee has organised two Seminars this year. The fi rst (on 10th June) was on High Buildings, and followed on from the 200 Towers exhibition at the Building Centre. Organised jointly with the London Forum – our contribution was to put Tower Blocks in their historic context both from the precedent of San Gimignano, and in terms of the impact of today’s Tower Blocks on the setting of historic buildings; complicated as some of the Towers are now themselves Listed Buildings. The conclusion was, and still is, that clearer policy and much more thought is needed about where high buildings are allowed. This became even more apparent when the Committee considered the proposals for the Bishopsgate Goodsyard site referred to above – not helped by the new City ‘Fringe Opportunity Area Planning Framework’.

The other Seminar (on 18th September) was in the form of a Training Workshop. After a short introductory session by Duncan McCallum of English Heritage; the main part of the evening was a talk followed by an inter-active session organised by David McDonald. The aim was to assist Local Amenity Groups in making effective representations on Heritage Applications and to pick up those points that will be relevant to the Planning Authority and those which, however fervently felt, were not relevant in planning terms. The example – a Conservation Area case – was used to demonstrate the possible pitfalls. A very useful session and one that may be repeated if there is suffi cient interest. The Committee will continue (within the constraints of the heavy Applications work-load) to pursue these wider initiatives and co-operation with other heritage groups.

BY DIRECTION OF COUNCIL

Colin Bowlt Karen ThomasChairman of Council Honorary Secretary

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