lone star: the story of texas section 1: spain prepares for exploration chapter 3: exploring texas:...
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Lone Star: The Story of TexasLone Star: The Story of Texas
Section 1: Spain Prepares for Exploration
Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700
Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
The Impact of the Spanish Defeat of the Moors on Overseas Exploration
The Impact of the Spanish Defeat of the Moors on Overseas Exploration
Chapter 3, Section 1
In A.D. 700 the Moors gain control of Spain.In A.D. 700 the Moors gain control of Spain.
800 years of struggle, called the Reconquista, begin as Spain fights to retake the land.
800 years of struggle, called the Reconquista, begin as Spain fights to retake the land.
Spain drives the Moors out in A.D. 1492.Spain drives the Moors out in A.D. 1492.
The defeat of the Moors inspires Spain to explore other lands.
The defeat of the Moors inspires Spain to explore other lands.
Spain funds Christopher Columbus’s overseas voyage.Spain funds Christopher Columbus’s overseas voyage.
His success leads to the voyages of more explorers.His success leads to the voyages of more explorers.
Chapter 3, Section 1
Columbus’s VoyageColumbus’s Voyage
• The king of Portugal turned down Columbus’s request for support.
• The successful end of the Reconquista in 1492 inspired Queen Isabella and Kind Ferdinand of Spain to back Columbus’s voyage.
• Columbus promised to find new trade routes to China and India.
Chapter 3, Section 1
Columbus’s VoyageColumbus’s Voyage
• Columbus failed to find a direct route to Asia.
• He landed in the Caribbean instead.• The gold and captive Indians he
brought back convinced the king and queen of Spain that America would provide the wealth they had hoped to find in Asia.
Lone Star: The Story of TexasLone Star: The Story of Texas
Section 2: Early European Explorations in the Americas
Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700
Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
I. The ConquistadorsI. The Conquistadors
A. Spanish soldiers who sailed to America were called conquistadors, or conquerors.
B. People admired soldiers who fought the Moors.
C. These fierce, determined soldiers had several goals as the went to the New World:
Chapter 3, Section 2
1) To bring their religion to “non-believers”2) To obtain great wealth 3) To obtain glory for the King and themselves
God, Gold, GloryGod, Gold, Glory
II. Cortés and the AztecsII. Cortés and the Aztecs
A. Hernán Cortés had several advantages that helped him defeat the powerful Aztecs in Mexico:
Chapter 3, Section 2
1.1. HorsesHorses - These animals were unknown to the Aztecs. They enabled soldiers to travel great distances.
2.2. WeaponsWeapons - Cortés had steel swords, guns, armor, and cannons against the Aztecs’ bows and arrows, clubs, and spears.
3.3. AlliesAllies - - The Aztecs forced their conquered enemies to pay them tribute, a payment of food and other valuables. Some of these angry, defeated Indians joined Cortés in his struggle against the Aztecs.
III. The Aztec EmpireIII. The Aztec Empire
A. The Aztec emperor Moctezuma II welcomed Cortés to the Aztec capital city, Tenochtitlán. Moctezuma thought Cortés was a god.
B. The Spanish killed hundreds of unarmed Indians for performing a non-Christian ceremony. The Aztecs drove them from Tenochtitlán.
C. Cortés and his men responded by attacking and destroying Tenochtitlán. The Spanish built Mexico City on the ruins of that once magnificent city.
Chapter 3, Section 2
IV. After CortésIV. After Cortés
A. Within a few years, Spain controlled all the land of present-day Mexico. This land became the viceroyalty of New Spain.
B. The Spanish then spread into Central and South America.
C. Spanish explorers carried common childhood illnesses with them. The Indians had no resistance to these diseases, so many died from them.
D. The Spanish completed their conquest of Central and South America in a matter of a few years.
Chapter 3, Section 2
Lone Star: The Story of TexasLone Star: The Story of Texas
Section 3: European Explorations Meet The Native Texans
Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700
Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
I. Álvarez de Pineda’s ExpeditionI. Álvarez de Pineda’s Expedition
A. Captain Alonso Álvarez de Pineda sailed along the Gulf of Mexico in search of a water route to the Pacific Ocean.
B. This voyage gave the Spanish their first accurate information about the Texas coast, including a well-drawn map.
Chapter 3, Section 3
II. The Nárvaez DisasterII. The Nárvaez Disaster
A. In 1527, Panfilo de Nárvaez led an expedition to explore the Gulf Coast from Florida to northern Mexico. The expedition was a disaster.
B. Half his crew sailed off, abandoning the other half who had ventured inland. Many of those soldiers suffered sickness and hunger.
Chapter 3, Section 3
C.Desperate to return to Spain, they set off on homemade rafts. 1. During a storm they were tossed up
on San Luis Island, near Galveston. 2. They were the first known
Europeans to set foot on Texas soil.
Chapter 3, Section 3
III. Álvar Núñez Cabeza de VacaIII. Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
A. Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca was one of the few Narváez survivors.
B. He became a trader and traveled widely across coastal Texas.
C. He later met up with three fellow Narváez survivors.
D. They gained a reputation as powerful shamans.
Chapter 3, Section 3
Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700
Section 4: Successes and Failures
Chapter 3, Section 4
A. Marcos de Niza was a priest who led a group to find the legendary Seven Cities of Cíbola.
1. The Viceroy of New Spain appointed Estevanico to be the group’s guide.
2. Estevanico was an enslaved Moor who traveled through Texas with Cabeza de Vaca.
I. de niza and estevanico
Chapter 3, Section 4
B. Estevanico sent back a report that he had found Cíbola.
C. Soon afterward, he was killed by Indians.
D. In fear, Marcos de Niza turned back. 1. He reported that he had seen Cíbola
from the top of a hill. 2. His report convinced many that rich
lands lay waiting.
II. Coronado Heads NorthII. Coronado Heads North
A.Spain sent explorer Francisco Vásquez de Coronado to conquer Cíbola and take its treasure. Coronado found no gold in Cíbola.
B.He continued searching the area for something of value, with no luck. In 1542, he returned to Mexico.
Chapter 3, Section 4
II. Coronado Heads NorthII. Coronado Heads North
C. He reported that the land to the north offered nothing of value to the Spanish.1. Coronado’s men were the first
Europeans to see the Grand Canyon.
2. Coronado’s treasure hunt brought him as far north as present-day Kansas.
Chapter 3, Section 4
III. De Soto and MoscosoIII. De Soto and Moscoso
A.For four years, Hernando de Soto explored the land that is now the southeastern United States, in search of riches.
B.Upon De Soto’s death, Luis de Moscoso Alvarado took over the expedition.
Chapter 3, Section 4
C. His group made it their goal to reach Mexico by land.
D. The Caddoes they met on their travels greeted them by saying “Tay-yas,” meaning friends. This is probably how Texas
got its name.
Chapter 3, Section 4
III. De Soto and MoscosoIII. De Soto and Moscoso
D. Finding no gold, Moscoso’s men went back to the Mississippi River and returned to Mexico by sea.
E. On that voyage, they stumbled upon petroleum, the substance that provides oil, gasoline, and other fuels.
F. The Spanish did not immediately recognize the value of this “black gold.”
Chapter 3, Section 4
Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700
Section 5: French Explorers
I. French ExplorersI. French Explorers
A. French explorers trapped and traded furs throughout much of North America.
B. Along the way, they claimed land for France.
C. French explorer La Salle searched for the Northwest Passage, a water route that would provide a shortcut to Asia.
Chapter 3, Section 5
D. At this time, France and Spain were at war.
E. La Salle claimed for France all the land that drained into the Mississippi River, including part of Texas.
F. He named the land LouisianaLouisiana, after the French king, Louis XIV.
Chapter 3, Section 5
G.La Salle planned to build a fort at the mouth of the Mississippi River.
H.He wanted to expand his trade empire and have a base for an attack on Mexico.
Chapter 3, Section 5
II. La Salle’s ExpeditionII. La Salle’s Expedition
A. In 1684, La Salle set sail from France. His plan was to build Fort St. Louis near the mouth of the Mississippi River.
B. His expedition faced many problems:
Chapter 3, Section 5
1. La Salle was difficult to get along with and argued with his naval officers.
2. Pirates and shipwrecks plagued the expedition.
3. The Spaniards captured one of his four ships. 4. La Salle lost crew members and supplies.
C. Fort St. Louis1. Harsh living conditions made many explorers
sick.2. The French had hostile relations with the local
tribe, and so faced danger from the Karankawas.
3. During La Salle’s search for a safer location for the fort, his men staged a mutiny, a revolt of soldiers or sailors against their leaders.
4. They murdered La Salle in 1687.
Chapter 3, Section 5
D. Fort St. Louis Destroyed1. La Salle had taken most of his able-
bodied men with him on his search for the Mississippi.
2. After his death, they ran away or were killed by Indians.
3. The Karankawas attacked the vulnerable fort and took the five remaining settlers captive.
Chapter 3, Section 5
III. Spain ReactsIII. Spain Reacts
A. Soon, the Spanish learned about La Salle’s arrival in their territory.
B. They set out to find the French intruders. 1. Since they did not know the territory they
claimed was theirs, it took them a year to find La Salle’s fort.
2. The fort was deserted. 3. All this made the Spanish realized that they
would need to pay more attention to Texas if they wanted to control it.
Chapter 3, Section 5
Chapter 3 Key TermsChapter 3 Key Terms
• Section 1• Reconquista• Indigenous
• Section 2• conquistadors• tribute• viceroyalty• Viceroy
• Section 3• bison• Shamans
• Section 4• petroleum
• Section 5• Northwest Passage• mutiny