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Lone Star: The Story of Texas Section 1: Spain Prepares for Exploration Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700 t © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights

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Page 1: Lone Star: The Story of Texas Section 1: Spain Prepares for Exploration Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.,

Lone Star: The Story of TexasLone Star: The Story of Texas

Section 1: Spain Prepares for Exploration

Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700

Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Page 2: Lone Star: The Story of Texas Section 1: Spain Prepares for Exploration Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.,

The Impact of the Spanish Defeat of the Moors on Overseas Exploration

The Impact of the Spanish Defeat of the Moors on Overseas Exploration

Chapter 3, Section 1

In A.D. 700 the Moors gain control of Spain.In A.D. 700 the Moors gain control of Spain.

800 years of struggle, called the Reconquista, begin as Spain fights to retake the land.

800 years of struggle, called the Reconquista, begin as Spain fights to retake the land.

Spain drives the Moors out in A.D. 1492.Spain drives the Moors out in A.D. 1492.

The defeat of the Moors inspires Spain to explore other lands.

The defeat of the Moors inspires Spain to explore other lands.

Spain funds Christopher Columbus’s overseas voyage.Spain funds Christopher Columbus’s overseas voyage.

His success leads to the voyages of more explorers.His success leads to the voyages of more explorers.

Page 3: Lone Star: The Story of Texas Section 1: Spain Prepares for Exploration Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.,

Chapter 3, Section 1

Columbus’s VoyageColumbus’s Voyage

• The king of Portugal turned down Columbus’s request for support.

• The successful end of the Reconquista in 1492 inspired Queen Isabella and Kind Ferdinand of Spain to back Columbus’s voyage.

• Columbus promised to find new trade routes to China and India.

Page 4: Lone Star: The Story of Texas Section 1: Spain Prepares for Exploration Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.,

Chapter 3, Section 1

Columbus’s VoyageColumbus’s Voyage

• Columbus failed to find a direct route to Asia.

• He landed in the Caribbean instead.• The gold and captive Indians he

brought back convinced the king and queen of Spain that America would provide the wealth they had hoped to find in Asia.

Page 5: Lone Star: The Story of Texas Section 1: Spain Prepares for Exploration Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.,

Lone Star: The Story of TexasLone Star: The Story of Texas

Section 2: Early European Explorations in the Americas

Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700

Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Page 6: Lone Star: The Story of Texas Section 1: Spain Prepares for Exploration Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.,

I. The ConquistadorsI. The Conquistadors

A. Spanish soldiers who sailed to America were called conquistadors, or conquerors.

B. People admired soldiers who fought the Moors.

C. These fierce, determined soldiers had several goals as the went to the New World:

Chapter 3, Section 2

1) To bring their religion to “non-believers”2) To obtain great wealth 3) To obtain glory for the King and themselves

God, Gold, GloryGod, Gold, Glory

Page 7: Lone Star: The Story of Texas Section 1: Spain Prepares for Exploration Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.,

II. Cortés and the AztecsII. Cortés and the Aztecs

A. Hernán Cortés had several advantages that helped him defeat the powerful Aztecs in Mexico:

Chapter 3, Section 2

1.1. HorsesHorses - These animals were unknown to the Aztecs. They enabled soldiers to travel great distances.

2.2. WeaponsWeapons - Cortés had steel swords, guns, armor, and cannons against the Aztecs’ bows and arrows, clubs, and spears.

3.3. AlliesAllies - - The Aztecs forced their conquered enemies to pay them tribute, a payment of food and other valuables. Some of these angry, defeated Indians joined Cortés in his struggle against the Aztecs.

Page 8: Lone Star: The Story of Texas Section 1: Spain Prepares for Exploration Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.,

III. The Aztec EmpireIII. The Aztec Empire

A. The Aztec emperor Moctezuma II welcomed Cortés to the Aztec capital city, Tenochtitlán. Moctezuma thought Cortés was a god.

B. The Spanish killed hundreds of unarmed Indians for performing a non-Christian ceremony. The Aztecs drove them from Tenochtitlán.

C. Cortés and his men responded by attacking and destroying Tenochtitlán. The Spanish built Mexico City on the ruins of that once magnificent city.

Chapter 3, Section 2

Page 9: Lone Star: The Story of Texas Section 1: Spain Prepares for Exploration Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.,

IV. After CortésIV. After Cortés

A. Within a few years, Spain controlled all the land of present-day Mexico. This land became the viceroyalty of New Spain.

B. The Spanish then spread into Central and South America.

C. Spanish explorers carried common childhood illnesses with them. The Indians had no resistance to these diseases, so many died from them.

D. The Spanish completed their conquest of Central and South America in a matter of a few years.

Chapter 3, Section 2

Page 10: Lone Star: The Story of Texas Section 1: Spain Prepares for Exploration Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.,

Lone Star: The Story of TexasLone Star: The Story of Texas

Section 3: European Explorations Meet The Native Texans

Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700

Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Page 11: Lone Star: The Story of Texas Section 1: Spain Prepares for Exploration Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.,

I. Álvarez de Pineda’s ExpeditionI. Álvarez de Pineda’s Expedition

A. Captain Alonso Álvarez de Pineda sailed along the Gulf of Mexico in search of a water route to the Pacific Ocean.

B. This voyage gave the Spanish their first accurate information about the Texas coast, including a well-drawn map.

Chapter 3, Section 3

Page 12: Lone Star: The Story of Texas Section 1: Spain Prepares for Exploration Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.,

II. The Nárvaez DisasterII. The Nárvaez Disaster

A. In 1527, Panfilo de Nárvaez led an expedition to explore the Gulf Coast from Florida to northern Mexico. The expedition was a disaster.

B. Half his crew sailed off, abandoning the other half who had ventured inland. Many of those soldiers suffered sickness and hunger.

Chapter 3, Section 3

Page 13: Lone Star: The Story of Texas Section 1: Spain Prepares for Exploration Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.,

C.Desperate to return to Spain, they set off on homemade rafts. 1. During a storm they were tossed up

on San Luis Island, near Galveston. 2. They were the first known

Europeans to set foot on Texas soil.

Chapter 3, Section 3

Page 14: Lone Star: The Story of Texas Section 1: Spain Prepares for Exploration Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.,

III. Álvar Núñez Cabeza de VacaIII. Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca

A. Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca was one of the few Narváez survivors.

B. He became a trader and traveled widely across coastal Texas.

C. He later met up with three fellow Narváez survivors.

D. They gained a reputation as powerful shamans.

Chapter 3, Section 3

Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700

Section 4: Successes and Failures

Page 15: Lone Star: The Story of Texas Section 1: Spain Prepares for Exploration Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.,

Chapter 3, Section 4

A. Marcos de Niza was a priest who led a group to find the legendary Seven Cities of Cíbola.

1. The Viceroy of New Spain appointed Estevanico to be the group’s guide.

2. Estevanico was an enslaved Moor who traveled through Texas with Cabeza de Vaca.

I. de niza and estevanico

Page 16: Lone Star: The Story of Texas Section 1: Spain Prepares for Exploration Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.,

Chapter 3, Section 4

B. Estevanico sent back a report that he had found Cíbola.

C. Soon afterward, he was killed by Indians.

D. In fear, Marcos de Niza turned back. 1. He reported that he had seen Cíbola

from the top of a hill. 2. His report convinced many that rich

lands lay waiting.

Page 17: Lone Star: The Story of Texas Section 1: Spain Prepares for Exploration Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.,

II. Coronado Heads NorthII. Coronado Heads North

A.Spain sent explorer Francisco Vásquez de Coronado to conquer Cíbola and take its treasure. Coronado found no gold in Cíbola.

B.He continued searching the area for something of value, with no luck. In 1542, he returned to Mexico.

Chapter 3, Section 4

Page 18: Lone Star: The Story of Texas Section 1: Spain Prepares for Exploration Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.,

II. Coronado Heads NorthII. Coronado Heads North

C. He reported that the land to the north offered nothing of value to the Spanish.1. Coronado’s men were the first

Europeans to see the Grand Canyon.

2. Coronado’s treasure hunt brought him as far north as present-day Kansas.

Chapter 3, Section 4

Page 19: Lone Star: The Story of Texas Section 1: Spain Prepares for Exploration Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.,

III. De Soto and MoscosoIII. De Soto and Moscoso

A.For four years, Hernando de Soto explored the land that is now the southeastern United States, in search of riches.

B.Upon De Soto’s death, Luis de Moscoso Alvarado took over the expedition.

Chapter 3, Section 4

Page 20: Lone Star: The Story of Texas Section 1: Spain Prepares for Exploration Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.,

C. His group made it their goal to reach Mexico by land.

D. The Caddoes they met on their travels greeted them by saying “Tay-yas,” meaning friends. This is probably how Texas

got its name.

Chapter 3, Section 4

Page 21: Lone Star: The Story of Texas Section 1: Spain Prepares for Exploration Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.,

III. De Soto and MoscosoIII. De Soto and Moscoso

D. Finding no gold, Moscoso’s men went back to the Mississippi River and returned to Mexico by sea.

E. On that voyage, they stumbled upon petroleum, the substance that provides oil, gasoline, and other fuels.

F. The Spanish did not immediately recognize the value of this “black gold.”

Chapter 3, Section 4

Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700

Section 5: French Explorers

Page 22: Lone Star: The Story of Texas Section 1: Spain Prepares for Exploration Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.,

I. French ExplorersI. French Explorers

A. French explorers trapped and traded furs throughout much of North America.

B. Along the way, they claimed land for France.

C. French explorer La Salle searched for the Northwest Passage, a water route that would provide a shortcut to Asia.

Chapter 3, Section 5

Page 23: Lone Star: The Story of Texas Section 1: Spain Prepares for Exploration Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.,

D. At this time, France and Spain were at war.

E. La Salle claimed for France all the land that drained into the Mississippi River, including part of Texas.

F. He named the land LouisianaLouisiana, after the French king, Louis XIV.

Chapter 3, Section 5

Page 24: Lone Star: The Story of Texas Section 1: Spain Prepares for Exploration Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.,

G.La Salle planned to build a fort at the mouth of the Mississippi River.

H.He wanted to expand his trade empire and have a base for an attack on Mexico.

Chapter 3, Section 5

Page 25: Lone Star: The Story of Texas Section 1: Spain Prepares for Exploration Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.,

II. La Salle’s ExpeditionII. La Salle’s Expedition

A. In 1684, La Salle set sail from France. His plan was to build Fort St. Louis near the mouth of the Mississippi River.

B. His expedition faced many problems:

Chapter 3, Section 5

1. La Salle was difficult to get along with and argued with his naval officers.

2. Pirates and shipwrecks plagued the expedition.

3. The Spaniards captured one of his four ships. 4. La Salle lost crew members and supplies.

Page 26: Lone Star: The Story of Texas Section 1: Spain Prepares for Exploration Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.,

C. Fort St. Louis1. Harsh living conditions made many explorers

sick.2. The French had hostile relations with the local

tribe, and so faced danger from the Karankawas.

3. During La Salle’s search for a safer location for the fort, his men staged a mutiny, a revolt of soldiers or sailors against their leaders.

4. They murdered La Salle in 1687.

Chapter 3, Section 5

Page 27: Lone Star: The Story of Texas Section 1: Spain Prepares for Exploration Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.,

D. Fort St. Louis Destroyed1. La Salle had taken most of his able-

bodied men with him on his search for the Mississippi.

2. After his death, they ran away or were killed by Indians.

3. The Karankawas attacked the vulnerable fort and took the five remaining settlers captive.

Chapter 3, Section 5

Page 28: Lone Star: The Story of Texas Section 1: Spain Prepares for Exploration Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.,

III. Spain ReactsIII. Spain Reacts

A. Soon, the Spanish learned about La Salle’s arrival in their territory.

B. They set out to find the French intruders. 1. Since they did not know the territory they

claimed was theirs, it took them a year to find La Salle’s fort.

2. The fort was deserted. 3. All this made the Spanish realized that they

would need to pay more attention to Texas if they wanted to control it.

Chapter 3, Section 5

Page 29: Lone Star: The Story of Texas Section 1: Spain Prepares for Exploration Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.,

Chapter 3 Key TermsChapter 3 Key Terms

• Section 1• Reconquista• Indigenous

• Section 2• conquistadors• tribute• viceroyalty• Viceroy

• Section 3• bison• Shamans

• Section 4• petroleum

• Section 5• Northwest Passage• mutiny