long ago, before computers; before dvd players; long before airplanes or cars,… …there were...
TRANSCRIPT
Long ago, before computers; before DVD players; long before airplanes or cars,…
…there were adventurous people who wanted to see new things!!
These adventurous people were known as
An explorer is a person who travels, seeking new discoveries.
Explorers!!
AIMAIM What drives Europeans to want to explore? What drives Europeans to want to explore?
Pretend you are an explorer in the 1400’s. You are Pretend you are an explorer in the 1400’s. You are asked to explore a completely UNKNOWN island. asked to explore a completely UNKNOWN island. You do not know what lives there, how to get there You do not know what lives there, how to get there (exactly) or how long you will be there.(exactly) or how long you will be there.
What will you do? What will you do? What rewards (besides jewels) might come What rewards (besides jewels) might come from exploring the sea?from exploring the sea? What risks might you entail by embarking on What risks might you entail by embarking on such an unknown journey?such an unknown journey?
Motives in the Age of Motives in the Age of ExplorationExploration
Attracted to East for silks and spicesAttracted to East for silks and spices
Difficult to trade with Islamic empiresDifficult to trade with Islamic empires 1453 Byzantine Empire fell to Turks1453 Byzantine Empire fell to Turks
desire for wealth and adventuredesire for wealth and adventure
religious zeal- save soulsreligious zeal- save souls
SummarySummary Gold, Glory and GodGold, Glory and God
FOR GOLD, GOD, and GLORY! GOLD! (WEALTH! )
New spices in Europe (introduced during the Crusades) = demand for the spices.
Europeans wanted to cut out the middle man !
Europeans try to find new trade routes because they want new sources of wealth.
Italianssell it
to Europe for
MORE $$$
Europe buys it for a
higher price
Muslims sold Spices to Italians
for lots of $
GLORY !
• BEING “The FIRST!”• First to: Find an spice?
Find a area? Create a trading port?
Control a COUNTRY!?
TECHNOLOGY HELPS !TECHNOLOGY HELPS !
The introduction of the Caravel made The introduction of the Caravel made travel easier !travel easier !– 65 feet long = more space for food/ppl.65 feet long = more space for food/ppl.– Able to explore Able to explore
close to shore.close to shore.- Larger sails for Larger sails for
easier movement easier movement
and power!and power!
New Maritime New Maritime TechnologiesTechnologiesNew Maritime New Maritime TechnologiesTechnologies
Hartman Astrolabe
(1532)
Better Maps [Portulan]
Sextant
Mariner’s Compass
Improvements in Navigation
• Better maps, follow coasts at first, used compass
• better ships- square sails and new hull design, heavy enough to carry canon
• use of astrolabe- magnetic compass sail by stars
• knowledge of wind patterns• First the Portuguese (Prince Henry) then
Spanish, France and England
New Weapons New Weapons TechnologyTechnology
New Weapons New Weapons TechnologyTechnology
Christopher Christopher Columbus Columbus [1451-1506][1451-1506]
Christopher Christopher Columbus Columbus [1451-1506][1451-1506]
Columbus
• Sailed west to Indies• Landed on the
Bahamas• Sailed for Spain
(King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
Columbus’ Four Columbus’ Four VoyagesVoyages
Columbus’ Four Columbus’ Four VoyagesVoyages
Other Voyages of Other Voyages of ExplorationExploration
Other Voyages of Other Voyages of ExplorationExploration
Magellan
• Searched for passage to Pacific Ocean
• Sailed through “straits of Magellan”
• Died in Philippines• Crew lst to
circumnavigate the world
Ferdinand Magellan & Ferdinand Magellan & the First the First
Circumnavigation of the Circumnavigation of the World:World:Early 16Early 16cc
Ferdinand Magellan & Ferdinand Magellan & the First the First
Circumnavigation of the Circumnavigation of the World:World:Early 16Early 16cc
Cabot
• Sailed for England• Landed on coast of
New-found land• Gave England claim
to North America
Ponce de Leon
• 1st to land on the mainland of North America
• Looking for “fountain of youth”
• Established St. Augustine, Florida
De Soto
• Sailed for Spain• Explored Mississippi
River – Present-day Oklahoma
Coronado
• Looking for fabled seven cities of gold
• Explored present-day Arizona and New Mexico
Cortes
• Spanish Conquistador
• Conquered Aztec emperor Montezuma
Balboa
• Spanish Explorer• Claimed Pacific
Ocean and adjoining lands for Spain
Pizzaro
• Conquered the Inca Empire
Vespucci
• Amerigo Vespucci• America was named
after him
Atlantic ExplorationsAtlantic ExplorationsAtlantic ExplorationsAtlantic Explorations
Looking for “El Dorado”Looking for “El Dorado”
Impact on World by European Contact
• Purpose was to serve the homeland weather it was slaves, furs, cotton, fish, spices, tobacco, gold or silver. Colonies improved the lives of Europeans greatly.
• In the Americas – More intermarriage by Spanish
/Portuguese and French– Disease was devastating. Measles,
influenza, smallpox– Violence common p 311