long term effects of exercise on respiratory system
DESCRIPTION
Long term adaptations of exercise on the Respiratory systemTRANSCRIPT
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF FITNESS
The long-term effects of exercise of the body’s systems
Part Two: Respiratory System
Session Outcomes
1. Describe two respiratory adaptations through long-term exercise programmes.(P3)
2. Record respiratory responses to 2 types of exercise(P3)
3. Explain 2 respiratory adaptations that will occur through long-term training in an activity of your choice.(M2)
In pairs, no. 1 is to ask no.2 how to achieve each of these outcomes.
Next, no. 1 is to assess these plans. Next , no. 2 is to plan how to achieve the outcomes.
No. 1 to assess. Compare your plans and decide on the best ideas.
Long-term effects of exercise on the respiratory system
The muscles demand more oxygen and as a result more CO2 is produced. To combat this the body adapts by:
Increasing strength of respiratory muscles
Increasing vital capacity Increasing oxygen diffusion
rate Increasing minute
ventilation
1. Increased strength of the respiratory muscles
The diaphragm and intercostal muscles increase in strength.
This allows for greater expansion of the thoracic (chest) cavity.
More expansion provides more efficient inhalation and expiration
2. Increased vital capacity
Vital Capacity (VC) is the maximal volume of air that can be expired after maximal inspiration in one breath
Mainly down to the increased strength of intercostal muscles
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G3pfeXULyv0
Measuring Vital Capacity with the Balloon Method
Stretch a round balloon several times to relax the material and make it easier to inflate.
To measure vital capacity, inhale as much air as you can and exhale forcefully into the balloon. Pinch the end of the balloon and measure its diameter (see Figure 1, to right).
Record the result in your assessment notebook.
Figure 1. Measuring the diameter of the balloon, in centimetres (Muskopf, 2003).
Conversion into Lung Volumes
These can be used as a benchmark with performers to see if vital capacity is increasing through exercise.
Figure 2. Use this graph to find the balloon volume (in cubic centimeters) for a given balloon diameter (in centimeters) (Muskopf, 2003).
Measuring Vital Capacity with the Balloon Method
3. Increased oxygen diffusion rate
Increase in the number and size of capillaries leads to more efficient diffusion:
More O2 from capillaries to tissues.
More CO2 from cells to the blood.
Regular training leads to better transportation of O2/CO2 therefore an increase in oxygen diffusion rate
4. Increased minute ventilation Minute ventilation
(minute volume) is the amount of air inspired or expired in one minute.
It is dependent on breathing rate and total volume
It’s expressed as: VE = volume of air
expired in a minute VI = volume of air
inspired in a minute During exercise
adults can generally achieve 15 times resting values
Session Outcomes
Describe two respiratory adaptations through long-term exercise programmes.
Explain 1 respiratory adaptation that will occur through long-term training in an activity of your choice.
Respiratory Adaptations to Training Pulmonary ventilation increases during maximal effort after training;
you can improve performance by training the inspiratory muscles. Pulmonary diffusion increases at maximal work rates. The a-VO2 diff increases with training due to more oxygen being
extracted by tissues. The respiratory system is seldom a limiter of endurance performance. All the major adaptations of the respiratory system to training are
most apparent during maximal exercise. Although the largest part of the increase in VO2max results from the
increases in cardiac output and muscle blood flow, the increase in a-VO2 diff also plays a key role. This increase in a-VO2 diff is due to a more effective distribution of arterial blood away from inactive tissue to the active tissue, so that more of the blood coming back to the right atrium has gone through active muscle.