LONG TERMEVOLUTION

3GPP LTE Radio andCellular Technology

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© 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

This new book series presents the latest research and technological developmentsin the field of Internet and multimedia systems and applications. We remaincommitted to publishing high-quality reference and technical books written byexperts in the field.

If you are interested in writing, editing, or contributing to a volume inthis series, or if you have suggestions for needed books, please contact Dr.Borko Furht at the following address:

Borko Furht, Ph.D.Department Chairman and ProfessorComputer Science and Engineering

Florida Atlantic University777 Glades Road

Boca Raton, FL 33431 U.S.A.

E-mail: borko@cse.fau.edu

INTERNET and COMMUNICATIONS

Volume 1 Handbook of Internet ComputingVolume 2 UNIX Administration: A Comprehensive Sourcebook for Effective

Systems & Network ManagementVolume 3 Wireless Sensor Networks: Architectures and ProtocolsVolume 4 Multimedia Security HandbookVolume 5 Handbook of Multimedia ComputingVolume 6 Handbook of Internet and Multimedia Systems and ApplicationsVolume 7 Wireless Internet Handbook: Technologies, Standards,

and ApplicationsVolume 8 Handbook of Video Databases: Design and ApplicationsVolume 9 Handbook of Wireless Local Area Networks: Applications, Technology,

Security, and StandardsVolume 10 Handbook of Mobile Broadcasting: DVB-H, DMB, ISDB-T,

and MediaFLOVolume 11 Long Term Evolution: 3GPP LTE Radio and Cellular Technology

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© 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

LONG TERMEVOLUTION

3GPP LTE Radio andCellular Technology

Edited by

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© 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Auerbach PublicationsTaylor & Francis Group6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742

© 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Auerbach is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business

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International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4200-7210-5 (Hardcover)

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Long Term Evolution : 3GPP LTE radio and cellular technology / editors, Borko Furht, Syed A. Ahson.

p. cm. -- (Internet and communications)Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 978-1-4200-7210-5 (hardcover : alk. paper)1. Universal Mobile Telecommunications System. 2. Mobile communication

systems. 3. Cellular telephone systems. I. Furht, Borko. II. Ahson, Syed.

TK5103.4883.L66 2009621.3845--dc22 2009004034

Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site athttp://www.taylorandfrancis.com

and the Auerbach Web site athttp://www.auerbach-publications.com

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v

Contents

Preface ...........................................................................................................viiThe Editors .....................................................................................................ixContributors ...................................................................................................xi

1. Introduction ...........................................................................................1Borko Furht and Syed Ahson

2. Evolution from TD-SCDMA to FuTURE ............................................11Ping Zhang, Xiaodong Xu, and Lihua Li

3 Radio-Interface Physical Layer ............................................................49Gerardo Gómez, David Morales-Jiménez, F. Javier López-Martínez, Juan J. Sánchez, and José Tomás Entrambasaguas

4 Architecture and Protocol Support for Radio Resource Management (RRM) ............................................................................99Gábor Fodor, András Rácz, Norbert Reider, and András Temesváry

5 MIMO OFDM Schemes for 3GPP LTE .............................................155Gang Wu and Xun Fan

6 Single-Carrier Transmission for UTRA LTE Uplink .........................181Basuki E. Priyanto and Troels B. Sorensen

7 Cooperative Transmission Schemes ...................................................213Wolfgang Zirwas, Wolfgang Mennerich, Martin Schubert, Lars Thiele, Volker Jungnickel, and Egon Schulz

8 Multihop Extensions to Cellular Networks—the Benefit of Relaying for LTE ............................................................................265Rainer Schoenen

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vi ◾ Contents

9 User Plane Protocol Design for LTE System with Decode-Forward Type of Relay ..................................................305Jijun Luo

1.0 Radio Access Network VoIP Optimization and Performance on 3GPP HSPA/LTE ...............................................................................319Markku Kuusela, Tao Chen, Petteri Lundén, Haiming Wang, Tero Henttonen, Jussi Ojala, and Esa Malkamäki

1.1. Early Real-Time Experiments and Field Trial Measurements with 3GPP-LTE Air Interface Implemented on Reconfigurable Hardware Platform .............................................................................365A. Forck, Thomas Haustein, Volker Jungnickel, V. Venkatkumar, S. Wahls, T. Wirth, and Egon Schulz

1.2. Measuring Performance of 3GPP LTE Terminals and Small Base Stations in Reverberation Chambers ..........................................413M. Andersson, A. Wolfgang, C. Orlenius, and J. Carlsson

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vii

Preface

This book provides technical information about all aspects of 3GPP LTE. The areas covered range from basic concepts to research-grade material, including future directions. The book captures the current state of 3GPP LTE technology and serves as a source of comprehensive reference material on this subject. It has a total of 12 chapters authored by 50 experts from around the world. The targeted audi-ence includes professionals who are designers or planners for 3GPP LTE systems, researchers (faculty members and graduate students), and those who would like to learn about this field.

The book has the following objectives:

to serve as a single comprehensive source of information and as reference ◾material on 3GPP LTE technology;to deal with an important and timely topic of emerging technology of ◾today, tomorrow, and beyond;to present accurate, up-to-date information on a broad range of topics ◾related to 3GPP LTE technology;to present material authored by experts in the field; and ◾to present the information in an organized and well-structured manner. ◾

Although the book is not precisely a textbook, it can certainly be used as a text-book for graduate courses and research-oriented courses that deal with 3GPP LTE. Any comments from readers will be highly appreciated.

Many people have contributed to this handbook in their unique ways. The first and foremost group that deserves immense gratitude is the highly talented and skilled researchers who have contributed the 12 chapters. All of them have been extremely cooperative and professional. It has also been a pleasure to work with Rich

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© 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

viii ◾ Preface

O’Hanley, Jessica Vakili, and Judith Simon of CRC Press, and we are extremely gratified for their support and professionalism. Our families have extended their unconditional love and strong support throughout this project, and they deserve very special thanks.

Borko FurhtBoca Raton, Florida

Syed AhsonSeattle, Washington

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© 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

ix

The Editors

Borko Furht is chairman and professor of computer science and engineering at Florida Atlantic University (FAU) in Boca Raton, Florida. He is the founder and director of the Multimedia Laboratory at FAU, funded by the National Science Foundation. Before joining FAU, he was a vice president of research and a senior director of development at Modcomp, a computer company in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, and a professor at the University of Miami in Coral Gables, Florida. He received his PhD degree in electrical and computer engineering from the University of Belgrade, Yugoslavia. His research interests include multimedia systems and applications, video processing, wireless multimedia, multimedia security, video databases, and Internet engineering. He is currently principal investigator or coprincipal investigator and leader of several large multiyear projects, including “One Pass to Production,” funded by Motorola, and “Center for Coastline Security Technologies,” funded by the U.S. government as a federal earmark project.

Dr. Furht has received research grants from various government agen-cies, such as NSF and NASA, and from private corporations, including IBM, Hewlett Packard, Racal Datacom, Xerox, Apple, and others. He has published more than 25 books and about 250 scientific and technical papers, and he holds two patents. He is a founder and editor-in-chief of the Journal of Multimedia Tools and Applications (Kluwer Academic Publishers, now Springer). He is also consulting editor for two book series on multimedia systems and applications (Kluwer/Springer) and Internet and communications (CRC Press). He has received several technical and publishing awards and has consulted for IBM, Hewlett Packard, Xerox, General Electric, JPL, NASA, Honeywell, and RCA. He has also served as a consultant to various colleges and universities. He has given many invited talks, keynote lectures, seminars, and tutorials. He has been program chair as well as a member of program committees at many national and international conferences.

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x ◾ The Editors

Syed Ahson is a senior software design engineer with Microsoft. As part of the Mobile Voice and Partner Services Group, he is busy creating new and exciting end-to-end mobile services and applications. Prior to joining Microsoft, he was a senior staff software engineer with Motorola, where he played a significant role in the creation of several iDEN, CDMA, and GSM cellular phones. Ahson has exten-sive experience with wireless data protocols, wireless data applications, and cellular telephony protocols. Before he joined Motorola, he was a senior software design engineer with NetSpeak Corporation (now part of Net2Phone), a pioneer in VoIP telephony software.

Ahson has published more than 10 books on emerging technologies such as WiMAX, RFID, mobile broadcasting, and IP multimedia subsystems. His recent books include IP Multimedia Subsystem Handbook and Handbook of Mobile Broadcasting: DVB-H, DMB, ISDB-T, and MediaFLO. He has authored several research articles and teaches computer engineering courses as adjunct faculty at Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, where he introduced a course on Smartphone technology and applications. Ahson received his MS degree in com-puter engineering in 1998 from Florida Atlantic University and received his BSc degree in electrical engineering from Aligarh University, India, in 1995.

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xi

Contributors

M. AnderssonBluetest ABGothenburg, Sweden

J. CarlssonSP Technical Research Institute

of SwedenBoras, Sweden

Tao ChenDevices R&D NokiaOulu, Finland

José Tomás EntrambasaguasUniversity of MálagaMálaga, Spain

Xun FanPhilips Research AsiaShanghai, China

Gábor FodorEricsson ResearchStockholm, Sweden

A. ForckFraunhofer Institute for

Telecommunications Heinrich-Hertz-InstitutBerlin, Germany

Gerardo GómezUniversity of MálagaMálaga, Spain

Thomas HausteinNokia Siemens NetworksMunich, Germany

Tero HenttonenDevices R&D NokiaHelsinki, Finland

Volker JungnickelFraunhofer Institute for

TelecommunicationsHeinrich-Hertz-InstitutBerlin, Germany

Markku KuuselaDevices R&D NokiaHelsinki, Finland

Lihua LiBeijing University of Posts and

TelecommunicationsBeijing, China

F. Javier López-MartinezUniversity of MálagaMálaga, Spain

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xii ◾ Contributors

Petteri LundénDevices R&D NokiaHelsinki, Finland

Jijun LuoNokia Siemens NetworksMunich, Germany

Esa MalkamäkiDevices R&D NokiaHelsinki, Finland

Wolfgang MennerichNokia Siemens NetworksMunich, Germany

David Morales-JiménezUniversity of MálagaMálaga, Spain

Jussi OjalaDevices R&DNokiaHelsinki, Finland

C. OrleniusBluetest ABGothenburg, Sweden

Basuki E. PriyantoAalborg UniversityAalborg, Denmark

András RáczEricsson ResearchBudapest, Hungary

Norbert ReiderBudapest University of Technology

and EconomicsBudapest, Hungary

Juan J. SánchezUniversity of MálagaMálaga, Spain

Rainer SchoenenAachen UniversityNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Martin SchubertFraunhofer Institute for

TelecommunicationsHeinrich-Hertz-InstitutBerlin, Germany

Egon SchulzNokia Siemens Networks GmbHMunich, Germany

Troels B. SorensenAalborg UniversityAalborg, Denmark

András TemesváryBudapest University of Technology

and EconomicsBudapest, Hungary

Lars ThieleFraunhofer Institute for

TelecommunicationsHeinrich-Hertz-InstitutBerlin, Germany

V. VenkatkumarNokia Siemens Networks GmbHMunich, Germany

S. WahlsFraunhofer Institute for

TelecommunicationsHeinrich-Hertz-InstitutBerlin, Germany

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Contributors ◾ xiii

Bernhard WalkeAachen UniversityNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Haiming WangDevices R&D NokiaBeijing, China

T. WirthFraunhofer Institute for

Telecommunications Heinrich-Hertz-InstitutBerlin, Germany

A. WolfgangChalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg, Sweden

Gang WuPhilips Research AsiaShanghai, China

Xiaodong XuBeijing University of Posts and

TelecommunicationsBeijing, China

Ping ZhangBeijing University of Posts and

TelecommunicationsBeijing, China

Wolfgang ZirwasNokia Siemens NetworksMunich, Germany

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© 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC